we give our conflict partner reasons to support our request or suggestion, meaning there is more information exchange,
I used to do this a lot after I argued with someone. Eventually, I grew up and just stopped talking when people got aggressive. If someone is getting loud I normally just stop because at that point they are already mad, only going to be one-sided and not even comprehend what you are trying to say because they are angry.
Being able to manage conflict situations can make life more pleasant rather than letting a situation stagnate or escalate.
I try explaining this to people in my life but they never fully comprehend what I'm trying to say. I believe if you learn basic life skills it will help you grow and make life a lot easier on yourself. Basic skills such as emotional intelligence, empathy, open-mindedness, and self-discipline. These are just a few of the basic skills that will make your relationships better and thrive in the future.
Just as large groups of people create cultures through shared symbols (language), values, and rituals, people in relationships also create cultures at a smaller level
We are currently talking about Hispanics and why so many cultures fall under the same umbrella. It's because they share a similar language and culture. Most people in these cultures won't call themselves Hispanic because they feel it doesn't identify them.
We have different needs that are met through our various relationships.
I believe we get more than we expect from our day-to-day relationships. Family relationships are for support, comfort and love. Friends are for always having an ear to vent to. Animals are for loneliness.
Getting integrated: Listening is a learned process and skill that we can improve on with concerted effort. Improving our listening skills can benefit us in academic, professional, personal, and civic contexts.
I'm trying to better my listening for my classes because I have to write notes and listen to the lecture. I am a horrible multitasker. I have to choose between writing notes in class or later if I have time. Normally I listen to the lecture and then write notes after class but takes up extra time for other classes.
Empathetic listening is the most challenging form of listening and occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling. Empathetic listening is distinct from sympathetic listening. While the word empathy means to “feel into” or “feel with” another person, sympathy means to “feel for” someone.
I am worse at this type of listening because I typically stay silent when I'm going through something so I never really knew what to do for others in empathetic conversations sadly.
to focus on messages sent by other people or noises coming from our surroundings; to better our understanding of other people’s communication; to critically evaluate other people’s messages; to monitor nonverbal signals; to indicate that we are interested or paying attention; to empathize with others and show we care for them (relational maintenance); and to engage in negotiation, dialogue, or other exchanges that result in shared understanding of or agreement on an issue.
I have bad ADHD and try to ask questions, stay engaged, or maybe say something to relate to it to show that I understand. To some people, this might be not polite but to me, I'm trying to show that I'm listening.
Physiological needs form the base of the hierarchy of needs. The closer the needs are to the base, the more important they are for human survival.
I think this is true because when battling with addictions it's more of a psychological problem than anything. I'm learning this in psychology, there's more trauma, and conditioning that goes into humans. That causes the decisions of their everyday choices.
We also discussed the importance of evaluating the strength of a warrant, because strong warrants are usually more persuasive.
We want strong warrants because the whole point of your speech is to build credibility and make your audience interested. My struggle is finding credible sources to use in my speech. Normally takes me a while to find articles I truly like and want to share with others.
Remember that speakers have ethical obligations to the audience and should take the opportunity to speak seriously.
I think every speech you give should be important. You would be in front of a crowd of people, that are taking time out of their day to hear you out. When giving a speech, it should be exciting to you because if it's not why would it be interesting to anyone else?
Most people won’t be bored by a brief review, but many people become lost and give up listening if they can’t connect to the information right away or feel it’s over their heads.
That's why I feel it's best to come up with a topic that you can talk about in an orderly fashion and just enough so that your audience will understand the information given.
Being a successful informative speaker starts with choosing a topic that can engage and educate the audience.
I think this was one of the main things I was struggling with when coming up with a topic for my project. I wanted to do something that I was interested in, something the audience would be interested in, and of course a topic not too broad.
Where you choose to sit can also impact perceived characteristics and leadership decisions
As I said in one of my last comments in avid class we were taught to sit in the front row because we take in more information, and nod. This shows the speaker you are interested and understand the information given. Avid was about leadership and using the tools and techniques given to better our learning. I've been using these techniques most in college and very happy I started thinking about my education earlier on.
When we become more aware of the messages we are sending, we can monitor for nonverbal signals that are incongruent with other messages or may be perceived as such.
My sister is so shy and she tends to aim her head to the ground to avoid eye contact. I think this makes her feel more comfortable but other people probably think she doesn't want to talk to them.
I group head movements and posture together because they are often both used to acknowledge others and communicate interest or attentiveness.
I was taught this in my avid class. The class was on how to be successful in college. My teacher taught us to sit in front, we take in more information that way, sit up straight, and nod to show that we understand to the speaker.
Although we can rely on verbal communication to fill in the blanks sometimes left by nonverbal expressions, we often put more trust into what people do over what they say.
I believe everyone thinks this way because actions speak louder than words. If someone says they like you then goes and gossips about you. You're going to think they do not like you at all.
There are some instances in which we verbally communicate involuntarily.
When people take lie detector tests, they often have body language analysis because their body is usually saying something they are not.
It’s important to note that an outline is different from a script. While a script contains everything that will be said, an outline includes the main content
I feel that a lot of people get this confused because I've seen many people get flustered or have fluency hiccups mid-sentence because they are trying to find a card from their notes. I feel like this would happen to me because I get easily flustered and mess up my words, but I will stick to my sub-points and stay on track. Also not make it into a script.
First impressions are quickly formed, sometimes spontaneous, and involve little to no cognitive effort. Despite the fact that first impressions aren’t formed with much conscious effort, they form the basis of inferences and judgments about a person’s personality
First impressions are quickly formed, sometimes I don't even know that I am doing it because it causes little to no cognitive effort. My first impression of my boyfriend wasn't the best when I first met him so much that I didn't even recognize him when he seemed to actually care about himself. When I first saw him he was wearing sweats, a hoodie, and no haircut. This made me believe he didn't care how he presented himself. Then later on I eventually got around to his personality and ended up liking him in the end. I schedule his haircuts now and looks presentable most of the time. A girl can only do so much.
Aside from the human resources available in the library, you can also use electronic resources such as library databases
I normally use CWI library database. Honestly used to be so self-conscious about this because you could get kicked out of school for not citing your sources correctly. I even cried to one of my teachers about it because I was so afraid of doing something wrong as a first-generation college student, you are afraid of failing and letting down everyone. My teacher ended up giving me so many resources to make it easy.
One of the first questions you should ask yourself is “Who is my audience?”
I feel as if we do this already in writing. If I were writing to my teacher I would write formally of course and if it was my friend I would most likely use shorter terms such as slang. This class is similar to writing but on communication which is slowly breaking down how to communicate better and structure my speaking right.
The level of clarity with which we speak varies depending on whom we talk to, the situation we’re in, and our own intentions and motives. We sometimes make a deliberate effort to speak as clearly as possible.
Yes indeed! I believe the respect we give out is what we will receive back. If someone doesn't have the respect to talk to me in a clear manner that I can understand in a workplace environment, I won't hold a conversation with them any longer
When we express observations, we report on the sensory information we are taking or have taken in. Eyewitness testimony is a good example of communicating observations. Witnesses are not supposed to make judgments or offer conclusions;
This kind of reminded me of elementary school when we would do mini-science experiments. This is where I first learned to write down my sensory information better known as an observation. although my conclusions were never on point I did try my best at 8 years old.
Our self-perceptions can and do change. Recall that we have an overall self-concept and self-esteem that are relatively stable, and we also have context-specific self-perceptions. Context-specific self-perceptions vary depending on the person with whom we are interacting, our emotional state, and the subject matter being discussed. Becoming aware of the process of self-perception and the various components of our self-concept (which you have already started to do by studying this chapter) will help you understand and improve your self-perceptions.
When I think of self-perception I think of self-esteem. I try to maintain my self-esteem because overall it makes me happier about myself and life. I'm currently taking psychology this semester and one of the things we are learning about is correlation. My psychology teacher told me a correlation that can be linked with depression is low self-esteem. So I try to do something for myself at least once a week to boost my self-esteem.
2–4 months. Babies can respond to different tones of voice (angry, soothing, or playful). 6 months. Babies can associate some words, like bye-bye, with a corresponding behavior, and they begin “babbling,” which is actually practice for more intelligible speech to come. 8–10 months. Babies learn that pointing can attract or direct attention, and they begin to follow adult conversations, shifting eye contact from one speaker to the next. 1 year. Babies recognize some individual words (people’s names, no) and basic rituals of verbal interaction such as question-pause-answer and various greetings. Shortly before or after this time, babies begin to use “melodic utterances” echoing the variety in pitch and tone in various verbal interactions such as questioning, greeting, or wanting.
I believe this is true because most babies just want to be loved and have attention on them most of the time. I think babies are easy to understand I don't know if that's because I'm a woman, but most babies like to eat, sleep and poop. When they can't do one they tend to get fussy.
This model is useful for us as communicators because when we are aware of the indirect relationship between symbols and referents, we are aware of how common misunderstandings occur, as the following example illustrates: Jasper and Abby have been thinking about getting a new dog. So each of them is having a similar thought. They are each using the same symbol, the word dog, to communicate about their thought.
We've been taught this from a young age it's easy for us to process a 3-letter symbol. I believe if it were someone learning a new language it would be a little more difficult for them to process this word but they both know English and are organizing their thoughts about a dog using that Sybol dog because that's what they are most used to.
Generally, some people are more likely to evaluate themselves positively while others are more likely to evaluate themselves negatively (Brockner, 1988). More specifically, our self-esteem varies across our life span and across contexts.
Yes, I do believe so but I also believe it is based on their conscience because if someone were to have done something wrong that they truly believe is wrong recently. That would weigh heavy on their sub-conscience and they would most likely feel bad about themselves.
We make first impressions based on a variety of factors, including physical and environmental characteristics. In terms of physical characteristics, style of dress and grooming are important, especially in professional contexts. We have general schema regarding how to dress and groom for various situations ranging from formal, to business casual, to casual, to lounging around the house.
I feel more important encounters as an interview or meeting someone's parents is physically and environmentally important because you will be spending a long period of time with these people. I believe they will want to reminisce about meeting you and what they thought of you. My boyfriend and I talk about how we first met all the time.
As we perceive others, we make impressions about their personality, likeability, attractiveness, and other characteristics. Although much of our impressions are personal, what forms them is sometimes based more on circumstances than personal characteristics. All the information we take in isn’t treated equally. How important are first impressions? Does the last thing you notice about a person stick with you longer because it’s more recent? Do we tend to remember the positive or negative things we notice about a person?
I believe first impressions are important for example meeting my boyfriend's parents for the first time. I wouldn't wear high heels, a short skirt and a tang top because they would probably think the worst. Most of the time first impressions are important but if you are casually meeting someone, I don't believe so. I would want someone I'm meeting casually to like me for me.
Conversely, nonverbal adaptors, or nervous movements we do to relieve anxiety like pacing or twirling our hair, can be distracting. Aside from minimizing distractions and delivering our messages enthusiastically, the content of our communication also affects salience.
I do this a lot, when I'm in class or a place which has a lot of people. I shake my leg a lot when I'm nervous and I know a lot of other people do as well, so whenever I see someone body language doing the same. I like to ask them if their okay if they need something because nobody likes to feel anxious.
We take in information through all five of our senses, but our perceptual field (the world around us) includes so many stimuli that it is impossible for our brains to process and make sense of it all. So, as information comes in through our senses, various factors influence what actually continues on through the perception process (Fiske & Taylor, 1991).
This kind of reminded me of English when they taught us how to take apart big books just so we can process it better and understand. The perception process is not too different I didn't quite understand why we are learning about perception but now I understand, to organize our thoughts and to process information more adequately.
Any language system has to have rules to make it learnable and usable. Grammar refers to the rules that govern how words are used to make phrases and sentences. Someone would likely know what you mean by the question “Where’s the remote control?” But “The control remote where’s?” is likely to be unintelligible or at least confusing (Crystal, 2005, p. 180). Knowing the rules of grammar is important in order to be able to write and speak to be understood, but knowing these rules isn’t enough to make you an effective communicator.
I remember when I started going into first and second grade my love for writing and reading began to fade away once grammar came into action. I remember being so frustrated with myself because I couldn't remember all the "rules" and to this day I still get that frustration because I just suck at remembering things. So every time I write I naturally get anxious in fear of doing something wrong. Especially in college because you can get kicked out for not citing something correctly.
The triangle of meaning is a model of communication that indicates the relationship among a thought, symbol, and referent and highlights the indirect relationship between the symbol and referent (Richards & Ogden, 1923). As you can see in Figure 1, the thought is the concept or idea a person references. The symbol is the word that represents the thought, and the referent is the object or idea to which the symbol refers. This model is useful for us as communicators because when we are aware of the indirect relationship between symbols and referents, we are aware of how common misunderstandings occur.
We do this process so much we don't even recognize when we do it. We are actively consistently on the go, our brain only shuts down/ goes to sleep because it's processing and working hard every day for us. I believe 8 hours is the least I can do for my body.
For example, the word calculate comes from the Latin word calculus, which means “pebble.” But what does a pebble have to do with calculations? Pebbles were used, very long ago, to calculate things before we developed verbal or written numbering systems
It's actually crazy how each word in our vocabulary systems has it's own story. I feel like they should have taught me that in pre-k as well. It might have made spelling even more fun. Their so much complex information on communication but yet I'm barley finding out about it in college.
Our language system is primarily made up of symbols. A symbol is something that stands in for or represents something else. Symbols can be communicated verbally (speaking the word hello), in writing (putting the letters H-E-L-L-O together), or nonverbally (waving your hand back and forth). In any case, the symbols we use stand in for something else, like a physical object or an idea; they do not actually correspond to the thing being referenced in any direct way. Unlike hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt, which often did have a literal relationship between the written symbol and the object being referenced, the symbols used in modern languages look nothing like the object or idea to which they refer.
When I was in pre-k I remember the first word I learned to spell was flower. I believe when we are all kids we all want to grow up and be adults already and when I learned to do more adult functions the more excited I got to especially learn. I feel like if we stayed with symbols describing actions we wouldn't have come so far in the "manuscript era".
We arrive at meaning through the interaction between our nervous and sensory systems and some stimulus outside of them. It is here, between what the communication models we discussed earlier labeled as encoding and decoding, that meaning is generated as sensory information is interpreted.
This kinda corresponds to psychology creating new neurons in our brain everyday using them everyday to complete day-to-day tasks. Our brain is constantly decoding things everyday from smelling, seeing, to reacting, and speaking as well. The more we do it the easier it becomes.
To do this, the transaction model considers how social, relational, and cultural contexts frame and influence our communication encounters.
I believe this is true because everyone is different and everyone talks differently. For example considering I'm Mexican I may have a higher accent than someone who is just from America.
Psychological context includes the mental and emotional factors in a communication encounter. Stress, anxiety, and emotions are just some examples of psychological influences that can affect our communication. I recently found out some troubling news a few hours before a big public presentation. It was challenging to try to communicate because the psychological noise triggered by the stressful news kept intruding into my other thoughts.
As I said in one of my last comments I tend to have a lot of trouble communicating my feelings, I know now that stress and anxiety play a part in that. How would I be able to express myself when my body is in fight-or-flight mode?
Noise is anything that interferes with a message being sent between participants in a communication encounter. Even if a speaker sends a clear message, noise may interfere with a message being accurately received and decoded. The transmission model of communication accounts for environmental and semantic noise.
As soon as I read this I immediately thought of whales. Their use of echolocation to communicate with each other using different vibrations and such. Also, the last chapter talks about cavemen using banging and swooshing noises to send an even clearer message to each other while telling a story.
The sender is the radio announcer who encodes a verbal message that is transmitted by a radio tower through electromagnetic waves (the channel) and eventually reaches your (the receiver’s) ears via an antenna and speakers in order to be decoded. The radio announcer doesn’t really know if you receive his or her message or not, but if the equipment is working and the channel is free of static, then there is a good chance that the message was successfully received.
I went to a baseball game with my boyfriend and they spoke on the intercome about what was going on in the game but I never watched a baseball game in my life so while my bf already decoded it in his head he decoded it for me out loud as well about who's winning.
When you become aware of how communication functions, you can think more deliberately through your communication encounters, which can help you better prepare for future communication and learn from your previous communication.
I have never been well at communicating with others especially when my feelings are in the way. Sometimes I don't know how to accurately describe how I'm feeling and feel it comes off as rude because I just stay quiet.
This eventually led to the development of a “Talking Culture” during the “Talking Era.” During this 150,000 year period of human existence, ranging from 180,000 BCE to 3500 BCE, talking was the only medium of communication, aside from gestures, that humans had (Poe, 2011).
This is so fascinating to me because we don't even realize on a day-to-day basis how far we have come. I never thought so hard about how people communicate after reading this. We went from gestures to making noises with gestures, then talking and writing. I've always wondered how babies learn to communicate besides crying.