Schools thus produce shortages of skilled persons. A good example is the diminishing number of nurses in the United States, owing to the rapid increase of four-year B.S. programs in nursing. Women from poorer families, who would formerly have enrolled in a two- or three-year program, now stay out of the nursing profession altogether.

By this I mean we should first restrict, and later eliminate, the disenfranchisement of the young and permit a boy of twelve to become a man fully responsible for his participation in the life of the community

liberating education

have undermined the playfulness of sports and are used to reinforce the competitive nature of schools.

The teacher is jealous of the textbook he defines as his professional implement.

chools are fundamentally alike in all countries

would prefer not to depend any longer on schools.

service of the teacher's goals

in support of the conventional ideology of schooling.

school leads many to a kind of spiritual suicide.

We need a set of criteria

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As long as we are not aware of the ritual through which school shapes the progressive consumer--the economy's major resource--we cannot break the spell of this economy and shape a new one.

The school leaving age in developed nations outpaces the rise in life expectancy.

The Vietnam war

It is a bundle of planned meanings, a package of values, a commodity whose "balanced appeal" makes it marketable to a sufficiently large number to justify thecost of production.

We cannot begin a reform of education unless we first understand that neither individual learning nor social equality can be enhanced by the ritual of schooling.

Only disenchantment with and detachment from the central social ritual and reform of that ritual can bring about radical change.

The modern university has forfeited its chance to provide a simple setting for encounters which are both autonomous and anarchic, focused yet unplanned and ebullient, and has chosen instead to manage the process by which so-called research and instruction are produced.

all students are academically processed to be happy only in the company of fellow consumers of the products of the educational machine.

We are rather concerned to call attention to the fact that the ceremonial or ritual of schooling itself constitutes such a hidden curriculum. Even the best of teachers cannot entirely protect his pupils from it. Inevitably, this hidden curriculum of schooling adds prejudice and guilt to the discrimination which a society practices against some of its members and compounds the privilege of others with a new title to condescend to the majority. Just as inevitably, this hidden curriculum serves as a ritual of initiation into a growth-oriented consumer society for rich and poor alike.

warping

Teachers, more often than not, obstruct such learning of subject matters as goes on in school.

Most tragically, the majority of men are taught their lesson by schools, even though they never go to school.

Many of them are simply forced to go through it and are not at all happy playing the child's role.

Church

We

knowledge

Universal schooling was meant to detach role assignment from personal life history: it was meant to give everybody an equal chance to any office.

law forbidding discrimination in hiring

Fidel Castro talks as if he wanted to go in the direction of deschooling when he promises that by 1980 Cuba will be able to dissolve its university since all of life in Cuba will be an educational experience. At the grammar-school and high-school level, however, Cuba, like all other Latin-American countries, acts as though passage through a period defined as the "school age" were an unquestionable goal for all, delayed merely by a temporary shortage of resources.