So I began to realize and I found out by all this experience, that it was a most miraculous phenomenon, how these students could memorize enough stuff to pass all these examinations, and know so little — nothing, in fact, whatever — about nature when they’re finished. It’s impossible to believe, but it was 100 percent.
The students learned to memorise a 3 dimensional concept from a single angle - when challenged to explain it/apply it from a different angle they floundered. -> to truly learn something you need to learn it 3 dimensionally, to understand its nature not memorise its effects or definitions - the test is whether this learning can be applied in non-rehearsed situations