• Fine grain materials
• Will leave a streak when rubbed against something
• Found in low energy places > if it was high energy, the sediments would be moved around and would not form rocks like this

• Get buried and lithified
• Grains become rounded and better sorted the more they are transported

More explosive versus basalt bc basalt like to flow/ooze

Magma is all about viscosity - High viscosity = slow flow > aa > Forms rough terrain > turns into good nutrients for the soil - Low viscosity = high moving > pahoehoe (pa-hoy-hoy) > the black/darkened bits have already begun crystallization

• Both are basaltic in composition

This is what happened to Pompeii!

Not hot, unlike pyroclastic flow

• Not outrunnable :(

Certain types of magma can cool faster then other forms of magma

Grew 2m everyday - Volcanoes' eruptions can be predicted to a vague time-range

Lots of damage - monetarily, livelihoods, wildlife, etc.

• Commemorate battles/victories
• Establish sense of presence

• Repeated facade - entrance to windows for lighting

• Initially intended for business matters
• Features vault-like decoration and niches

• Repetition of Roman art/architecture
• Context of usage changed

• 'Present' for the people of Rome from those higher up in the hierarchy
• Similar symmetrical layouts
• Large windows facilitate lighting
• Directionality towards an alter
• Decorated with iconography

• Motivate the competitiveness in other people to become like him
• Self-worth, authority associated with how one looks

• Bathing areas were for socialization and architecture here served that function
• Baths' names ranged regarding temp - further from sun = cooler
• There are areas for improving one's fitness

• Roman focus on efficiency, engineering

• Efficiency
• Functionality

• Colossal
• Served a purpose

"House of the Gods" - Made out of concrete; sophisticated - Perfect geometric curvature - Remains have been converted into a church due to its untarnished nature - Ancient Egyptian reference to monumentality

References to Etruscan architectures with references to Greek architecture as well. Same typology of classicism.

Romans = same uniforms Barbarians = nudity, inappropriate weaponry or warfare clothing Romans vs. Barbarians Romans are the defenders here, not the aggressors. The dude without any armor is thought to be elevated above the other warriors and fighters.

The goddess Nike is the one writing. The carving was done after the statue was built and the storyline continues for 23 wrap-arounds.

Homage to the warriors who have enabled the peace and protected nature of the people.

Of course, the male commissioning this piece had to include himself and demonstrate the family forces with him.

No references to toxic masculinity otherwise present in other depictions.

They demonstrate themselves as equals due to their similar stature and clothing. - Companionship