135 Matching Annotations
  1. Dec 2019
    1. y discomfort is palpable, but what can I do? I am isolated, an island in an angry white sea

      This is so unfortunate to see that the only thing that keeps her silent is the environment around her because she knows it would only make things a lot harder.

    2. I stare outside and daydream, the dreams of a fifteen- year- old girl who misses her family.

      she's sitting with her father, but says that she misses her family. maybe she doesn't feel as close to her family as she is indicating

  2. Nov 2019
    1. adership of the BIA is paternalistic and unsympa-thetic to Native concerns and issues

      the fight agains paternalistic leading styles is still ongoing today it's interesting take

    2. She writes about her experience challenging sexism within tribal councils composed of only men and alludes to the right for women to become tribal council members.

      it's inspiring to see how far the virtual hub has transcended and exceeded expectations, not only to note that this is where she shares her opinions and introduces a voice of the masses to others as well

    3. Cloud, however, did not sup-port Natives’ assimilation or erasure of our tribal identities like Richard Pratt, the founder of the federal boarding schools.

      this makes sense considering they have associated assimilation with termination of identity

    4. The most painful aspect of the program for me was training Native leadership for the end of self- government

      is this in reference to the author's perspective or to Cloud

    5. Indians don’t want to be treated like museum pieces, but as Americans. They need, above all, good schools and a chance to earn a decent living. All we want is half a chance.

      I appreciate this statement as a mark against the segragation that Natives have been faced with.

    6. She viewed motherhood not as a site of oppression, as some feminist writers have argued, but as a place of responsibility and privilege. She talked about the importance of both mothers and fathers providing compassionate love and encouraged Native children to be resilient— a perspective especially poignant in contrast to her own childhood in a federal boarding school.

      I really like her take on motherhood I don't think I have ever heard anyone be so proud to take on the role and exude it with such integrity and confidence.

    7. The selection committee chose her because of her own religious faith, honesty, and character, as well as the achievements of her children.

      Although they listed all of these reasons as to why she was selected. The paragraph still began with her race and the fact that because of her race it made it so much more acceptable that she was able to acheive this when it should just be because of the fact that she was a good person

    8. When she writes that Cloud did not become “embittered,” Page positions Elizabeth as a “good” Indian who supported whites despite “humiliations and obstacles,” not a “bad” Indian who fought back

      Cloud clearly knows where she belongs and who she is as a person. She is extremely self assured and wants to give back with her work that she has been fighting so hard for.

    9. traditional female roles have been celebrated— not viewed as beneath male roles.1

      i really like this take on motherhood it's very rare to see this in a patriarchial society, much less in a society with POC. I love the importance of women and women's choice to have motherhood rather than it being forced upon them as their duty

    10. Cloud’s honors offered her a national platform and an Indigenous, gendered hub to support and publicize Native concerns.

      despite everything else that has been thrown at her this is so inspiring to see that she is still attempting to help her people

    11. In addition, tribal property would be shifted to Native- owned corpora-tions, and Native American lands would no longer have tax- exempt status

      isn't this illegal? considering that native land is supposed to be similarly treated to that of national landmarks?

    12. At the same time, Native American women involved in women’s clubs often combined Native and modern identities and struggled for their rights as members of sovereign tribal nations and citizens of the United States.

      This makes a lot of sense even now when the support of "gendered settler colonialism" encouraged the Natives to get involved there were still tensions between the differing peoples as they tried to assimilate and find a better middle ground for their cultures.

    13. She wore profes-sional dresses and fashionable hats, while she spoke fiercely against racism and settler colonialism.

      I really like this dichotomy of being able to represent Natives in her own fashion/settlers fashions so that she can show that not she can challenge the physical representation/view of the Natives as well

    14. As a modern- day Ojibwe warrior woman, Cloud struggled to protect tribes’ rights and interests.

      Overall it seems that she built up quite a substantial existence for herself. Reading through a majority of her accomplishments in the first paragraph makes me kind of think that I could write about her for our instagram postings

    Annotators

    1. the reformers and officials admitted that they would have to "force law" upon the Native Amer-icans they were seeking to transform

      The involvement would be more violent than if they were to agree to their terms from the get go

    2. women were to be sheltered within the private space of the home while their husbands were to "be allowed a man's rights and privileges and be held to the performance of a man's obligations" and enjoy "the autonomy of the individual.

      is this only referring to the "American way" or did they try and make this a reflection upon their society in general?

    3. it is the woman that must make the atmosphere and form the attraction of the home.

      the way this is phrased makes me uncomfortable. i think i can understand the way that they are thinking but it just doesn't seem well thought out. It makes it seem that living domestically is the only way they can adapt to being removed from their culture

    Annotators

    1. he alliance uses respect, understanding, and common experi-ences to bridge and strengthen bonds between individuals across tribal lines.

      this is so beautiful how come we never get to hear stories as beautiful as this one oh my goodness

    2. At the retreat, participants shared common histories and experiences, as well as distinct perspectives from their diverse tribal histories and relation-ships to the federal government.

      I'm so glad that they have a space where they can share their culture amongst others that understand what it's like to be relocated and overall just have that bond and experience with one another

    3. as well as her connec-tion with other Native Americans, into something else, ultimately founding an important hub for Native Americans: the American Indian Alliance.

      this is really cool! i've never heard about this until right now. I'm assuming that it's like a cultural center of sorts so that Native Americans can have a home away from home?

    4. Finding other Native Americans in the new urban setting was often crucial to a sense of belonging

      this is another note of cultural identity and finding it relevant to the other articles of relocation and adjusting to life.

    Annotators

    1. Everybody wants you to bebe citizens, but I do not think there is any force or any voice thatwould deny citizenship to the American Indian.

      Who is everybody? It's unfortunate to think that they are denying them basic rights because of their ethinicity. This is similar to the same ignorance faced when slaves and women kept getting their rights denied.

    1. Your people as a people, industrious and self-governing, can do just what you want if you have the Federal Court to back you in your cause.

      Not quite sure if she's advocating for her to be their voice or if she is more grateful to "the white people" to granting her the opportunity to provide that as an option. Who is she speaking to that is against this view?

    2. Someone said a while back that if it wasn’t for the government we would be retarded back to an environment where our children would not have an opportunity like the white people

      interesting word choice seeing that she would refer to their community as disabled if it werent for the "white people"

    3. I fought for 25 years for the cause of the Indian people. The reason I have fought for my people is this: I owe it to them, old men and the old women of the Colville Indians. It is for their benefit that I speak for them today.

      Stating that she wanted to become the voice for her people so that she can state what they needed once she was elected. Important considering she is not only Native American but the first woman as well

    4. have spoken many times before the white people; and I am sure I am going to speak to you

      A strong start stating her history with non-Natives. I like that she stated this prior to discussing how she grew up to create the bond between herself and her audience.

    5. she cautioned federal officials to reconsider whose language presented a challeng

      interesting phrasing of "language presented a challenge" this can be interpreted as language overall is completely difficult to grasp because of the different ones they know. or the common shared language is inaccessible

    Annotators

  3. Oct 2019
    1. Displacement,therefore,waslikelytoweakenthosevaluesandrelationships

      Because they were striped of their identity the idea of old customs/purposes can be replaced, added, or renewed, im not surprised at all that there were tensions between the cherokees and the blacks as they traveled west.

    2. Itwasthetearingofthefleshofthepeoplefromthesamefleshoftheland

      I feel that this is probably the most accurate depiction to the Cherokee Removal act, the author previously mentioned the decrease in population and a few excerpts from people during the migration west. I feel that it properly aligns with the characterization that Glancy depicts in both her novel and mindset. Although it might be a bit dramatized I feel that this was probably one of the nations biggest migration/deportation acts we've seen and reflected currently in our ICE raids and removals

    3. UnlikeAndrewJackson’srepresentationofremovalasanimprovingexercise,

      Incredible to see the juxtaposition of two very different ideals because of their relation to the overall removal.

    4. slaveswereenlistedtodotheadditionalworkofhuntingfortheirmasters

      does this mean the cherokee had slaves too? even as they were being kicked out from their home as well? what?

    5. Theywalkedthroughthefallandintotheharshwintermonths

      Why is it that every time some sort of removal/mass migration happens it's always during the Winter? Is this done on purpose so that people can be eliminated or is it just a coincidence?

    6. toservetheirmasters

      i don't like that they noted it as "masters" i understand that this is slavery during the time, but something about it is incredibly unsettling especially since they are trying to escape the "white" ruling

    7. wereonlythefirsttraumasoftheCherokees’removalexperience

      The comparison to the Cherokee Removal versus World War II is crazy. To think that they were put into concentration camps this repeats throughout history even today as people have related the ICE detention camps to concentration camps.

    8. buttheCherokeeremovalwasthecruelestworkIeverknew

      even the officers that were working decided that they were compromised in the act. does it make sense for them to move on?

    9. orforotherpurposes

      does this entail that the women were treated worse or had other intentions of what they were going to do with them during the removal?

    10. eliminatingthehistoricalbasesofcommunicationandnegotiation

      This blantantly is stating that they refused to make negotiations. It's so unfortunate that our history in the United States relied on undermining and discriminating against a minority voice. In this case two separate groups put into one.

    11. TheinstitutionofAmericanslaverydependedonCherokeeremoval,evenasthe“success”ofremovaldependedonslavery

      This is absolutely horrible. Did anyone that weren't natives stop to question why this was happening? Or what they could have done to resist this from occurring?

    12. TheexpulsionofCherokeepeopleclearedthewayfortheexpansionofAmericanslaveryintothoseabandonedlands

      excuse me? you mean to tell me the only reason they wanted to remove the Cherokee so that they can move over slaves into the system. This aint it!!

    13. whenthedesignatedtwo-yearperiodhadended,theywerepressedtoabandonthatlandbyforceofarms

      How was this act actually legal? I understand that they had two years, but to remove them by force after going over their heads to remove them from their homeland and try and place them towards the west where they are unfamiliar with the land and less accessible to what they have grown up into? this makes absolutely no sense

    14. supportofthemajorityoftheCherokeepopulation,numberingalmostsixteenthousand.

      this is a HUGE population number, where do they expect to place them all and how are they expected to remove them within two years? it doesn't make any sense

    15. reprintingthecongressionaldebatesintheCherokeePhoenixandwritingarticlesindefenseofCherokeesovereignty

      This shows their discern with the law and also allowed for the natives to have a voice/showcase what they wanted to defend.

    16. theircultureswouldbebetterpreserved

      This also seems like a form of excommunicating them into their own private land. On one hand building the reserves are nice so that they can cultivate and prosper; however, this is legit segregation so that Jackson won't have to try and compromise/justify their previous hardships between the US and the Natives.

    17. Whatgoodmanwouldpreferacountrycoveredwithforestsandrangedbyafewthousandsavages

      showcases the continuing discrimination of natives on their own land, similar to the ones discussed prior when washington decided to reek havock around Kentucky

    18. themotherofsmallchildren,andasurvivorofenslavement.

      Already sets up what type of person she is and gives the reader a glance into the history that might have been a part of her past

    Annotators

    1. Jou tel could not explain how, but "he indicated to me in some way that he was giving her to me as a wife

      i think by giving people wives it indicates a connection of acceptance as well

    2. rely signaling his exclusion from Caddo military ranks and thus manhood.

      He still needed to make his way up in the societal ranks. Currently he is only participating in helping the women and feels comfortable around them as he learns and adapts to the way their structure is set.

    3. He was made a warrior and was given an Indian girl as his wife

      assumed that there was no way the woman would not be seen as an object and that they were entitled to a wife to surive.

    4. sexualized European lines

      this is the exact mentality that they are going in as i keep seeing that they are not at all astonished about the changing of wives but as soon as a woman is practicing they are quick to judge the way that the women are in line.

    5. the custom of the savages, who have in truth only one wife at a time

      was poligamy accepted by the frenchmen prior? also i hate that even though they integrated themselves they still noted the natives as savages

    6. given a wife

      i don't like that even in the system where women were held highly respected and honored they are still demeaned down to objects that can be given and taken away

    7. the balance of power and honor between Caddo men and women

      this is remarkable. I love that they fully integrated themselves into a system and respected all the traditions in order to follow along and surivive.

    8. the authority the women exerted over the divisions of household and agri-cultural labor

      it must be a culture shock for them to be set up in a matriarchy system.

    9. the adopted Frenchmen seemed well aware of the matrilin-eal and matrilocal organization of Caddo kinship and economy that put women at the head of families and households.

      is this the biggest form of integration? why is it that they are always focused on marriage being an integral part of being accepted or for their way living/survival.

    10. failed to recognize him as a fellow Frenchman.

      once their customs were bound to each other it's almost impossible to recognize the frenchman which is really interesting in marking their experience with race and ethics during this point in time

    11. «brotherhood" implicit in men's joint battle experiences when he told French superiors that "an unfailing means, other than small gifts that the Europeans still have of winning the friendship of

      tried finding the line between who were the enemy and what implicit and explicit meanings were set up into being a Caddo man

    12. The boys had quickly been trans-formed into kin to make their inclusion in the community permanent.

      This is very remarkable considering they were after the Caddos children

    13. Perhaps more important, his tattoos identified the grown man as the boy they had adopted so many years before.

      Identified by his culture and hoping that they continue their traditions to cultivate even while being underneath Spanish ruling. this is really interesting to note

    14. participants dress a boy and a girl from another native group in Wichita clothing and symbolically adopt them as Wichitas in a ceremony, thus making the birth and adoptive parents ritual friend

      This is very interesting to see, it's different from what i would have expected. I thought it was more in relation to what was expected to grow as a community and arrange marriages for the future.

    15. may have exchanged children with other bands,

      exchanged like when people set up arranged marriages or would it be a way for them to adapt to their customs ?

    16. ignaled European men's ties to a location and their determination to settle, maintain, and defend it.

      so this is in favor of marriages arranged, etc. bc it meant to have more tranquility throughout the community? idk if this actually works, bc wouldn't that just be an aim towards satisfying mens lives and their quality of living rather than the women forced into these marriages?

    17. The easiest way to accomplish that was through marriage.

      soemthing about this statement leaves me unsettled that they consider marriage as the only solution for situtations like theirs to smooth over or be controlled

    18. they had to be given some kind of kinship affiliation.

      it would be a requirement for them to get married? what about the single women or the men who weren't attracted to women?

    19. desire to protect Caddo women from abuse.

      interesting that they ask for women when they want to protect their own women, does that mean the "foreign" women would be subject to abuse?

    20. hese dual realms would necessarily help to determine the relationships Caddos formed with Europeans.

      does this only include the neighboring relations or would this also be like marital/land exchange?

    21. «meta-institution" that "underpinned the organization of economics, politics, reli-gion" among Caddoan peoples.

      the amount of politics that goes behind being wed amongst the natives and comparing it to the europeans way of living is structured in a sense that one can understand the way both societies interact

    22. incorporate the strangers

      they coexisted and cohabited with each other for years, but when the permanent stance was brought up suddenly they were assimilated as strangers this is extremely interesting to note

    Annotators

    1. Women’s labor was central to Indian prosperity. Placing gender at the heart of this narrative suggests why kidnap-ping women threatened this village world and why defeated soldiers were bru-tally treated.

      Where was this narration before? They mainly focused on the kidnappings but never touched upon the central importance as to why women and children were thrown about and what their role was after they were captured and tortured.

    2. Their actions had left the women defenseless, and most of the women died in the ensuing chaos of battle.

      first mention of women in a while, as a majority of the focus shifter over to the soldiers and where they stand versus what happened to the women and children

    3. gallant officers” massacred by bloodthirsty Indians, their names inscribed beneath each black casket

      "bloodthirsty" even though the Natives were the ones to retaliate in defense not under unjust means

    4. the British Gov-ernment, with all their arts and money, were able to persuade.

      this sounds just like what continues happening throughout US/Britain relations the only difference is that they were trying to claim land over the Natives

    5. The enlisted men refused to perform their duties, claiming that their enlistments had expired.

      the motivation began decreasing because their mission was never clear or didn't have enough for the rest of them to continue risking their lives and starve.

    6. Eleven women had disappeared—left behind after their capture, one hopes.

      it's not even stated what actuall happened to the eleven missing women this is outrageous

    7. acquitted themselves with their usual good conduct,” because they had tortured and killed the elderly Wea leader by ripping the skin off his body

      I don't understand how they justify their actions it makes no sense to me how this works out.

    8. lost its women and children, the outcry of Little Turtle’s brother echoed throug

      refers to the significance of women and children captured/slain to their society.

    9. Brutality, death, decapi-tation, torture, capturing women and children, and burning villages became central to carrying out an “Enterprise against the Indians from our Coun-try.”

      their mission is clear and stated

    10. the capture of these women had the greatest impact—these were young women, who had stayed behind to care for the sick

      describes clearly the purpose of women, we haven't seen their presence in the article in a good while. it's interesting that they focus on capturing "caretakers" persay

    11. he Senecas’ expulsion from their homelands had ended Iroquois attacks on frontier settlements in Pennsyl-vania’s Wyoming Valley.

      is this at all later related to seneca falls or am i way off base here?

    12. Wilkinson had little interest in destroying Indians and much more in personal glory,

      this statement almost makes it seem as if it were to humanize him in a narcissistic light

    13. The arms of the United States are again exerted against you

      it seems like they want to be exporting and executing the natives however I still don't understand why they use the United States as a voice of reason

    14. strong conviction of the power of the United States.”

      highkey disgusting that they are sanctioning all their actions and attacks underneath the name of the United States when later their same general tried to be a preacher of freedom for all things good

    15. The women and children remained highly visible, walking on foot in the center of the troops.

      The importance of the women and children being visible is highlighted here as they probably strategized if the other Natives say their women and children they would make themselves present to the troops.

    16. He also left yet another threatening message proclaiming the power of the United States to vanquish and destroy the Indians.2

      It's funny that we tend to forget that our nation is built off the stripping of land and threats such as this one

    17. Scott waited impatiently for the Indians to come and talk to him.

      maybe if they had decided to form discussions first so it didn't escalate to violence he wouldn't have to be this impatient. or maybe if he wasn't so bigoted this could have been written up differently

    18. the most important settlement of the enemy in that quarter of the federal territory.”

      Were they finally satisfied? They had taken everything including their crops and lives. How is this federal terriority if all they did was strip people of their land and goods?

    19. justified the attack by claiming that his men had destroyed the home of a trader who sold guns to the Indians

      he "justified" the act. meaning that there was a need to justify against their actions. What are they doing? Why do they continue destroying these villages and why did no one question it?

    20. hey misunderstood the message of the flag; the elderly woman was in mourning and sitting near the burial site of a relative.

      This is a huge yikes. Does this mean that they are letting their guard down for the rest of the time being?

    21. Scott real-ized that news of their arrival would spread quickly and undoubtedly feared that he would encounter vacant villages

      wait i thought that they were trying to see the natives unless he's still ridden with hate and trying to ambush the nearest village

    22. The guide stalled the expedition in a maze of environmental obstacles

      this is exactly what i was hoping to find. probably the coolest part of this expedition already

    23. He had probably never considered the logistics of moving eight hundred men across a river swollen by spring rains or through an unanticipated wetland land-scape

      logistically his plan is starting to make less and less sense the more it progresses. i don't understand what his motives are anymore other than to extinguish the natives

    24. he general feared alien-ating Scott and his men.

      starting to realize that his motives seem off, why would he want to attack during a point where they aren't being threatened?

    25. e should take every proper arrangement to bring the deluded Indians to a just sense of their situation”

      the word deluded makes me feel angry I don't like that they are degrading them for the way they are living in comparison to how they live.it's really unfortunate to see this type of thinking during this time, i realized that he also developed his hatred through hear say and had his story told more times than that of when washington went to destroy and maim the natives in their land

    26. attack by evacuating their homes and removing their material possessions

      this reminds me of the raids of the ghettos during wwii similar destruction tactics

    27. aking reflection

      he is an incredibly horrible man omg. it probably isnt the type of reflection that we'd hope for about understanding the consequences to his actions but more about what he has acquired

    28. failed to see the wisdom of Knox’s warning

      why was he so hungry for destruction of native land? what did their existence cause such an inconvenience for him to destroy everything they have ever known.

    29. avishly financed by the United States government, they would be assured of success

      it's so interesting to read about this in retrosepct to his reputation being the first US president and war general a hero and to juxtapose it with starving women and children that had nothing to do with what was happening during the time. kind of horrible actually lol

    30. would undermine Indian resistance.

      He wanted to take the backbone of the villages being the future generation and potential to grow to allow himself to feel better about his previous failure.

    31. , women and children in the Wabash River valley were the president’s primary target;

      i feel that washington's attack directly targeting women would make him feel better about himself considering that he views the natives as lower than himself and then women and children are seen more as a vulnerable target that he could "easily" manage

    Annotators

    1. “power in colonial America lay in the hands of men, who expected to govern women,

      extremely important seeing as they were omited from this history

    2. the Plymouth Court had issued a grant to these “fi rst borns” and their fellow “freemen” in 1656, for “all the uplands and mead-ows . . . on the east side of Taunton river, from Assonate Neck to Quaquerchand, alias the Plain, commonly called by the name of the Falls.”

      im assuming that this does not work out in their favor

    3. New plants intermingled among native ones—dandelion, red clover, Englishman’s foot, fi rst brought to these lands in cattle dung.

      the initial mixing of english and native settlements as they coexist

    4. The deed registered a different set of relationships as well.

      this was probably directed more towards the land authority being granted over from women in leadership

    5. as a woman whose authority was recognized by the most infl uential Na-tive men they knew.

      first instance i've seen/read where women have the upper standing

    6. they claimed it “under” their imagined jurisdiction,

      basically a short way of saying whatever land they land on is immediately there's and they aren't sure how to cope with it not being like that with the deed

    7. the power-ful shell bead which bound people together, and bound words to deeds

      this was the catch that i was looking for when originally reading the previous comments of accessing and granting permission to their lands. It is interesting to see that this is an act of civility between the Natives and the Europeans

    8. with their permission, left his cattle to graze on the copious salt marsh grasses,

      the author has acknowledge not once, but twice already of the interactions they have with their "neighbors" so far the set up is that they lived in harmony and consent