Upon final publication, we will release a complete open build package designed to enable full replication and modification of the OLH platform. This package will include mechanical CAD files and 3D-printable part models, a detailed bill of materials with catalog numbers and supplier information, wiring diagrams and I/O mapping tables for all electrical and control components, step-by-step assembly and calibration documentation, and the full source code for hardware control, experiment scheduling, and data analysis. We are finalizing this documentation for public release and it is not yet posted in full due to the scope of the materials involved. For status updates or early access to in-progress documentation, contact emma.chory{at}duke.edu.

Supplementary InformationMicrofluidic device fabricationDetermination of the gap height of the microfluidic chips

Further, , utilizing the 3D/4D AI perception through camera feeds, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept cobot module for LabOS, as in (Fig. 3g, Supp. Video 2). This module enablesscientists to run time-consuming and/or repeated portions of the protocol using an adaptive, andspatially aware robotic arm. We demonstrate example protocols loaded in LabOS, such asvortexing, 96-well plate operations, tube handling on incubator/shaker, can be handed off to thecobot to reduce the load on scientists, where agentic and embodied AI with spatial intelligenceprovide a seamless human-AI-robotics collaboration experience (Supp. Video 3).

userssimply load or drag our BOTany protocols and updated CSV files onto Opentrons App toexecute the procedures, thereby providing a direct route to laboratory automation.

(Supplementary Fig. S3)

LabscriptAI achieved 89.1% overall success in generating simulation-passing scripts, outperforming all baselines (Table 1)

Performance was compared against direct LLM implementations (GPT-5, Claude 4, DeepSeek V3.2, Gemini-2.5 Pro) and OpentronsAI, a commercial LLM–based solution (Table 1).

The 233black microplate exhibits substantially reduced background interference, making it a 234superior choice for Raman screening applications.

This design enables firm attachment of the plate frame to the build plate. Figure 4:B shows the microplate mounted in the frame and affixed to the build plate.

Positioning error.The variation in PLA spectrum due to the mispositioning caused by different speeds in A: Z movements B: XY movements

The chip was fabricated by soft lithographyas previously described

we systematicallyevaluated seven laser intensities (0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 3.2%, 5%, 10% and 25%) with a 532 nmexcitation source, 100× objective, and 800-3200 cm⁻¹ spectral rang

However, when the objective is to express or screen proteins in high-throughput, the requirement for single colonies can be relaxed, and non isogenic cultures can be used.

As this tool simplifies the programming process, it also allows researchers with limitedcoding experience to leverage the full capabilities of the OT-2

Through the analysis of these data, the neural effects of chemicals or drugs296can be evaluated and the scientific basis for the safety assessment can be provided.

The narrow geometry of 96 well plate wells allows us toavoid the complexity of a variable tilt mechanism as commonlyseen in automated cell culture systems [5, 6]

The Petri dishes with the cultures were then irradiated with UV light for 5 minutes in119a sterile hood.

To counteract this, we retroreflected the illumination line as shown in Figure 1C & D, such that the flowing sample was illuminated (pushed) from both sides.

We recently introduced a new method of vat-based 3D printing that we refer to as InjectionContinuous Liquid Interface Production (iCLIP).

Looking ahead, future efforts will focus on developing lower-cost hardware solutions to further democratize access to microfabrication techniques. Digital light processing (DLP) printers contain much of the necessary hardware (UV lamp, driver board, DMD)

The use of 3D printing resin as a substitute for SU-8 eliminates time-sensitive baking steps and reduces the need for extensive glass slide cleaning.

Clear

However it remains low enough to guarantee optical transparencyfor cell observation by confocal microscopy, and our molds exhibit similar roughness to what waspreviously shown for similar mold printing techniques [23].preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.The copyright holder for thisthis version posted January 29, 2025.;https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.29.632980doi:bioRxiv preprint

Thickness measurement of the PDMS layer under the BOTTOM channeldepending on molding techniques

A) 3D reconstitution of the printed patterns imaged witha surfaced microscope. B) close up photo of one of the printed patterns for a TOP mold.

salinized

Additionally, Reynolds number (Re) estimations suggested that the maximum Re inside the chamber was less than 1, corresponding to laminar flow

Fully cured PDMS parts were separated from the molds using a craft knife.

Supplemental Figure 1 provides images of standard USAF resolution targets for the objectives and configurations used in this investigation.

The X,Y-resolution (effective pixel resolution) was similar between the two printers, at 30 and 40 μm for the 405- and 385-nm printers, respectively. In this resin, the crosslinking reaction was more efficient with the 385 nm light source, enabling reduced light dosage (shorter times and lower intensities; Table S1), which assisted in diminishing bleed-through light allowing uncured resin to drain more easily from channels. Consistent with this, channels were printable at sizes ~0.2 mm smaller with the 385 nm printer (Fig. 2C) versus the 405 nm source (Fig. 2B).

MER2-1220-32U3M, Daheng Imaging

The results prove that 1-minute mechanical maceration using such a small handheld device can perform almost equivalently in sample lysis to manual grinding using a mortar and pestle.

The low-cost imaging platforms presented here provide an opportunity for labs to introduce phenotyping equipment into their research toolkit, and thus increase the efficiency, reproducibility, and thoroughness of their measurements.

The low-cost imaging platforms presented here provide an opportunity for labs to introduce phenotyping equipment into their research toolkit, and thus increase the efficiency, reproducibility, and thoroughness of their measurements.

Schematic of experimental approach: New Zealand white rabbits are implanted with a chronic32-channel ECoG grid over visual cortex, and visually-evoked potentials are recorded as highcontrast stimuli are presented using a monitor.

laboratories.

At present time (early 2023), there is still a lack of open-source tools on the web to label and create datasets of images using a panoptic segmentation format in a straightforward fashion.

using a reflex camera with a macro objective (Nikon D60 with AF-S Micro NIKKOR 60 mm f/2.8G ED lens)