My dear sir, can we really suppose that the men of that bperiod, who had had no experience of city life in all its splendor andsqualor, ever became totally wicked or totally virtuous?

Perhaps we can describe the state of mankind after the cata-clysm like this: in spite of a vast and terrifying desolation, plenty of fertileland was available, and although animals in general had perished it hap-pened that some cattle still survived, together with perhaps a small stockof goats.

armonizes the three parts of himself like three limitingnotes in a musical scale—high, low, and middle. He binds together thoseparts and any others there may be in between, and from having beenmany things he becomes entirely one, moderate and harmonious.

an appetite in the soul for more thanthat for which we say that it is the appetite?

It makes the weakest, the strongest, and those in 432between—whether in regard to reason, physical strength, numbers, wealth,or anything else—all sing the same song together.

Yet isn’t the expression “self-control” ridiculous? The stronger self thatdoes the controlling is the same as the weaker self that gets controlled, sothat only one person is referred to in all such expressions.

civic courage

This power to preserve through every-bthing the correct and law-inculcated belief about what is to be feared andwhat isn’t is what I call courage, unless, of course, you say otherwise.

I do, except for those who are deceived by majority approval into believ-ing that they are true statesmen

Cities certainly do seem to behave in that way, and I don’t approve ofit at all.

Wealth and poverty

And we can make all the others happy in the same way, sothat the whole city is happy.

it is an attitude found in equal measure on theright and left wings

e justifythem on the ground that ignorance, or a barbarian upbringing, orcruel pleasures and excitements are worse for us than the amountof restraint needed to repress them.

hroughout the nineteenth century liberal -thinkers main-tained that if liberty involved a limit upon the powers of anyman to force me ta do what I did not, or might not, wish to do,then, whatever the ideal in the name of which I was coerced, Iwas not free;

he music is not obedienceto external laws, a compulsion and a barrier to liberty, but a free,unimpeded exercise.

He ‘hasabsorbed (he score into his dwn system, bas, by understanding it,identified ic with himself, has changed it fom an impediment tofree activity ito an élément in that activity itself.

scetic self-denial may be a source of integrity or serenity andspiritual strength, but it is difficult to see how it can be called anenlargement of liberty.

et the ‘posi~tive’ and ‘negative’ notions of freedom historically develaped indivergent directions not always by logically reputable steps,until, in the end, they carne into direct conflict with each other:

t may be that, intoxicated by theirmagnificent achievements in more abstract realms, the bestamong them look with disdain upon a field in which radical dis-coveries are less likely to be made, and talent for minute analysisis less likely to be rewarded.

Dangerous, because when ideas are neglected by thosewho ought to attend to them—that is to say, those who have beentrained to think critically about ideas—they sometimes acquire anunchecked momentum and an irresistible power over multitudesof men that may grow too violent to be affected by rational criti-cism.