- Feb 2022
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These early theorists attempted to explain how an individual’s personality develops from his or her given perspective.
I can see how a person's perspective can be the cause of their traits, behavior, and personality. But I think there's more to that. Like the subjects environment and culture that they grew up in, that is also a big factor in the development of their personality, traits, and behaviors.
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- Jan 2022
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openstax.org openstax.org
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The Skinner box is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment and has a behavior indicator such as a lever or a button. When the animal pushes the button or lever, the box is able to deliver a positive reinforcement of the behavior (such as food) or a punishment (such as a noise) or a token conditioner (such as a light) that is correlated with either the positive reinforcement or punishment.
I believe this method this is the most effective way to change bad behavior
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Therefore, Skinner spoke of reinforcement and punishment as major factors in driving behavior.
I can see how this method is effective because if the person/organism being experimented on does follow the rules then they will be punished. If the person/organism cannot tolerate the punish then they will start following the rules. If the person/organism can tolerate the punishment, the experimenter should increase the punishment. So the punishment will cause the person/organism to behave correctly.
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Behaviorism commonly used animals in experiments under the assumption that what was learned using animal models could, to some degree, be applied to human behavior.
After reading this portion of the paragraph, I remembered watching a video where a chicken behaved like a duck. I think the chicken behaved like a duck because it grew up with ducks. That's what I think, what are your thoughts? Here is the link to watch the video I mentioned about : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FiJCVSikV8
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The reflex Pavlov worked with was salivation in response to the presence of food.
I feel like since Pavlov studied this, scientist back then had a better understanding of my our mouth salivates when seeing food. Off topic but kind of on topic. Have you guys ever thought of something sour, then your mouth starts to salivate? Mine does
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Gestalt principles.
Gestalt Principles - "Gestalt Principles are principles/laws of human perception that describe how humans group similar elements, recognize patterns and simplify complex images when we perceive objects. Designers use the principles to organize content on websites and other interfaces so it is aesthetically pleasing and easy to understand."
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More modern iterations of Freud’s clinical approach have been empirically demonstrated to be effective
This tells the reader that Freud's methods actually worked
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while not invented by Freud, was certainly popularized by him and is still used today.
What I find interesting about this is how much influential Freud is. Or how much impact he has on people. I am not sure on the word to describe him but he took something that was invented by someone else and made it a popular method until this day. I think that since Freud is such an intelligent person, people just listen to him and follow what he says/do. Please if anyone thinks they know what/ how I am wanting to describe Freud, please reply to me.
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“hysteria” and neurosis.
Hysteria - "a psychological disorder (not now regarded as a single definite condition) whose symptoms include conversion of psychological stress into physical symptoms (somatization), selective amnesia, shallow volatile emotions, and overdramatic or attention-seeking behavior. The term has a controversial history as it was formerly regarded as a disease specific to women." (Oxford Languages) Neurosis - "a relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress (depression, anxiety, obsessive behavior, hypochondria) but not a radical loss of touch with reality." (Oxford Languages).
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functionalism. Functionalism focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment.
Important definition, I think all definition are important. To fully understand the topic. If you didn't know what the meaning of a word is, I'm pretty sure it would be really confusing to continue the course. That's just my opinion.
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structuralism
Structuralism - (a method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behavior, culture, and experience that focuses on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system that reflect patterns underlying a superficial diversity."(Oxford Languages).
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He also wrote Volkerpsychologie in 1904 in which he suggested that psychology should include the study of culture, as it involves the study of people.
This also may be important.
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His famous book entitled Principles of Physiological Psychology was published in 1873.
This information maybe important, I am not sure
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Two 19th century scholars, Wilhelm Wundt and William James, are generally credited as being the founders of psychology as a science and academic discipline that was distinct from philosophy.
IMPORTANT
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As a result, psychology is one of the most popular majors on college campuses across the United States
I did not know that
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because they are interested in helping others and want to learn more about themselves and why they act the way they do.
I always wondered, "What's going on in their head", whenever someone does something like, steal, vandalize, or anything that's bizarre. Like why did you do that.
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empirical method
Empirical Method - "any procedure for conducting an investigation that relies upon experimentation and systematic observation rather than theoretical speculation. The term is sometimes used as a vague synonym for scientific method."(APA Dictionary of Psychology)
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empirical,
Empirical - "based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic. " (Google).
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James Wannerton experiences a taste sensation that is associated with the sound of words. His former girlfriend’s name tastes like rhubarb
Does James Wannerton actually taste the words that are coming out of his mouth like how he tastes food? I'm confused...
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