82 Matching Annotations
  1. Jun 2019
    1. When genome scientists view their science as neutral—thatis, in the interest of all (including groups such as the Ha-vasupai)—they miss this assumed property interest.

      Although there could be an interest for all I do not think this overrides the importance of respecting others property.

    2. It wouldappear that most simply assumed they had the right to studythe Havasupai DNA

      I think although research can teach us a lot about the past and help with future research this is an arrogant way of thinking.

    3. who failedto inform their research subjects about use of their samples

      Once again Natives are being taken advantage of to only benefit Europeans.

    4. “very special people”

      Describing Natives as "very special people" or "our ancestors" does not make sense when they were once referred to as "savages" and only now people are interested in how they used to live. Using these phrases makes it seem as though they are trying to mask the racism that had occurred.

    5. Therefore, the humansciences could not progress without a study of the AmericanIndian

      Human progress started with Natives so for them to be neglected in understanding race or considered ancestors of whites shows the threat Europeans may have felt when they first came to America.

    6. If whites alone could construct and possessproperty, then whiteness itself became a valuable thing.

      Undermining the concept of race at this time did not help undermine what it meant to be white during this time period.

    7. undercut race as a biological category, youalso undercut racism

      Not including race as a biological science did not stop these people from trying to tame these "savages" and implement this European lifestyle while repressing a Native one.

    8. It is Wells and the Europeanswho are still searching

      Interesting parallel how for some ancestry is known through stories being passed down and the other has to be researched with the help of science.

  2. May 2019
    1. e Navajo are not antigambling. Many cultural gambling games are played for fun and entertainment, primarily in the wintertime.

      I can see how this started out as a game but then turned into a profit making business and as a result some negative outcomes occurred, but this is true with anything.

    2. or the most part, the impact is positive.

      I understand with anything there will be negative effects however, with benefits such as running water, I do not see the negatives outweighing the positives.

    3. crime in Indian Country is prevalent pri-marily due to colonization and lack of jurisdiction.

      Generalizations mask the real reason criminal activity is occurring.

    4. ey did not have running water, and very few families lived on the reservation.

      I did not realize how much gaming benefits Natives and I do not see why it is only discussed in a negative connotation when it is providing some with running water and necessities.

    5. ns. By „”ƒƒ, the pop-ulation of California Indians decreased from over ’ƒƒ,ƒƒƒ to less than „–,ƒƒƒ people (Castillo n.d.). U

      This is never talked about and I believe it is true that no one ever wants to discuss genocide even in an academic setting.

    6. American Indians are killed by police at a high rate,

      Police killings are a popular topic in the media but no one ever talks about Natives being killed at a high rate.

    7. the regulation of Indian gaming was economical rather than solely to thwart organized crime.

      I think many are trying to profit or benefit themselves so regulation of Native gaming to prevent crime is only a cover up to not make it not seem racist or as if there is not another agenda.

    8. ere is no evidence that crime has increased in communities in which there is an Indian casino:

      Even when it is proven gaming is not increasing crime rates it will always be twisted and blown up to be something else.

    9. It appears that the bulk of allegations that Indian casinos are rife with organized crime come from those that would beneÌt most from sullying the image of Indian gamin

      I wonder how much is true or if people are trying to slander Natives reputation for their own benefit.

    10. ponents continued to point to the looming threat of organized crime running rampant on reservations

      States always want control even when it does not directly involve them.

    11. A new salacious account of Indian gaming negatively portrays gaming

      I think it is interesting how something that benefits Natives such as gaming is given such a negative connotation. Although addiction can be controversial, gaming shouldn't only be associated with Native culture.

    12. As these tribes have become more success-ful, they share their wealth with neighboring communities

      I think it is a generalization to think all Natives are benefitting from gaming. However, even those tribes not directly related may be benefitting from donations from others.

    1. could not articulate how

      Making broad accusations such as it is "unconstitutional" is usually how certain politicians try to cover up their true feelings on the matter because it makes them appear more "credible" when their beliefs might just be ignorant.

    2. on an Indian reservation, [a jury is] going to be made up of Indians, right? So the non-Indian doesn’t get a fair trial.

      This would be true in any jury. It wouldn't make sense for a U.S. citizen to be asked to sit in on a Native jury just because a U.S. citizen is being prosecuted.

    3. Why did you not protect me or my family? Why is my life and the life of so many other Native American women less important?

      This powerful statement emphasizes that this is a human rights issue and this is not a Native issue but an issue that encompasses everyone especially women.

    4. addresses a variety of issues pertaining to Native women liv-ing in Indian country.

      This is important because issues pertaining to native women should be brought to light rather than legislation being made for what people think the problems are.

    5. The pictures and personal stories in the report raised the profile of the crisis and captured the attention of national news media, such as the New York Times. Suddenly, things began to move quickly.

      It is not surprising that issues that receive media attention become priority in being resolved.

    6. I do not believe those of us who advocate for federal reform are under the impression that the Violence Against Women Act and the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 are the ultimate solutions to ending rape in tribal nations.

      Improving lives of Natives and for women is the ultimate goal. To eradicate rape all together is also the main goal however, this does not occur overnight and taking steps to get to this goal are necessary. Through Violence Against Women and the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 these issues will hopefully be minimized and ultimately be eradicated eventually.

    7. “what can we politically accomplish” as opposed to “what is truly needed?”

      Having the mentality of what can realistically be accomplished instead of what is needed is important because wanting to create change is arguably more important than what is needed. This is true because there needs to be a balance of what is needed but also a realistic expectation so any positive change can occur rather than nothing at all.

    8. federal presence and punishment on tribal lands.

      If the U.S. is brought to help on this issue it might make them feel as though they have power to infringe on other issues as well and blur the lines of native sovereignty and "helping" natives.

    9. In addition, engaging with the federal government may signal a form of surrender to federal dominion over tribal nations.

      I understand the catch-22 in that Natives wanted to fix the problem, however by allowing the U.S. government to infringe on their own legislative process may make the U.S. think they are needed and that Natives could not achieve the same end goal alone.

    10. When tribal leaders resisted state regulatory authority based on the precedent it could establish in other realms, some journalists unfairly character-ized tribes as providing jurisdictional “shields” for sex offenders.

      I can see how one would at first say Natives are "shielding" sex offenders however, knowing the context this is false. The actual context is no evidence shows this system prevents predatory actions, but more importantly this was about state regulatory actions and whether Natives should allow intrusion by the state onto their own political agenda and system.

    11. On a practical level, mem-bers of Congress often fail to accurately remedy identified problems,

      I think this is true regarding some issues. However, I believe until something is enacted and we see the results it is hard to judge if the the legislation made a positive impact, no impact, or if it made the situation worse.

    12. “Trust the government? With extreme caution.”

      I think this is the right way to view anyone in power because one should always question motives.

    13. far from an anti-government Indian.

      Being far from anti-government, yet dedicating his life to education proves he must have much to say regarding his skepticism towards the government.

    1. For your children learn from watching their elders, and if you want your children to do what is right, then it is up to you to set the example.

      Again, using the emotions of the United States and their leaders does well in questioning their morals and what they value in trying to achieve what Natives want.

    2. We are a free people.

      This statement does well in describing the hypocrisy of the United States claiming they are free people when it is the Natives who were first yet are being denied so much.

    3. The issues are national and international—the honor and credibility of the United States is at stake.

      Using the credibility and honor of the United States as leverage as an attempt to seek help is a smart tactic because this seems to be something the United States values.

    1. we pose a moral problem which cannot be left unan-swered.

      Natives were more concerned for morals while Americans did not seem to have the same values at the time.

    2. When our lands are taken for a declared public purpose, scattering our people and threatening our continued existence, it grieves us to be told that a money payment is the equivalent of all the things we surrender.

      This is not even a fair comparison when one was owned first and then Natives are told they must pay for what was rightfully theirs first.

    3. RIGHTSIt is a universal desire among all Indians that their treaties and trust-protected lands remain intact and beyond the reach of predatory men.

      This was violated with allotments like we talked about earlier in lecture and then with boarding schools.

    4. free exercise of these values is necessary to the normal development of any people. Indians exercised this inherent right to live their own lives for thousands of years before the white man came and took their lands.

      Free exercise of certain rights is what is law today. This was not even an acknowledged or a respected value for Natives back then.

    1. But they worked and they took advantage of America’s idea of equal opportunity.

      Equal opportunity is deemed important in United States law however, history proves this right is always violated.

    2. they are still subject wards of the Congress of the United States, and the Congress can take whatever action it sees fit

      Congress can take action however, if in tribal status they are deemed separate?

    3. As long as the Indians remain in a tribal status

      It is interesting how Natives must stay in tribal status and not enjoy citizens rights but they were technically declared citizens in 1924.

    4. they were dealing with tribes which were well-organized, had their own forms of government and held vast sections of territory for themselves.

      I still don't see how any of the United States comments such as granting natives the same rights is justified. They came here and dealt with tribes who already had a system of government and decided their system of government was better and then forced natives to be apart of it.

    5. expressed bitter resentment at the trickery and unfairness

      Their bitterness and resentment is justified because this language being used makes it seem as though they were not already granted these rights before. It also is ironic to use the language to say "restore rights Americans already enjoy".

    6. “and Indian tribes.”

      I can see how removing the language "and Indian Tribes" would seem like it meant equality in that it would just expand to all people. However, critics are correct in that some are not even considered citizens so removing this language legally doesn't protect natives and leaves room for them to be unfairly excluded.

  3. Apr 2019
    1. We know that we can establish our rights, and we are only asking for just and fair treatment.

      Asking for fair treatment when they deserve much more is extremely upsetting. They have every right to be asking for much more and they only want to be treated fairly. I cannot imagine the frustration they must have felt but understand why they wanted to be only treated fairly, it would have been much worse if they asked anything more.

    2. Many of the people have lived in the Cherokee Nation all their lives, some of them have occupied and cultivated the same tract of land for from 30 to 40 years, and some were permitted to make tentative selections.

      Its upsetting that they have occupied the same land for 30-40 years and were only allowed tentative selections. Not allowing expansion when they were there first is frustrating. It also doesn't make sense for them not to be added to the final roll but were on the first.

    3. the rolls of citizenship of the several tribes, as they then existed, were con-firmed, yet a number of our people whose names appear upon the various rolls have been denied their rights.

      What was the point of confirming rights yet then denying them in practice?

    4. The creation of tribal rolls, allotment, and the distribution of monetary awards from claims cases brought the meaning of citizenship back to the fore during the late nineteenth and early twen-tieth centuries.

      In class we talk mostly about how allotment is seen as a negative consequence of the United States colonizing. It is odd to see how it also may have been a way to establish citizenship when natives were there first.

    1. , and returned to them the queen, to whom constitution-ally, and also by their own choice, they had a perfect right.

      I agree that the United States should have restored to undo the wrong done to Hawaiian people, however, I do not think this was plausible at this time with how much the United States gained.

    2. Yet this is exactly what the quasi Americans, who call themselves Hawaiians now and Americans when it suits them, claim the right to do at Honolulu

      It's interesting people would associate as Hawaiian but American at times that would benefit them in other instances. I wonder if this sparked anger in some who associated on both sides.

    3. A quilt she made during her imprisonment at Iolani Palace stands as testimony of the love she felt for her nation.

      I also believe while she was imprisoned still stating loyal to her nation and expressing her patriotism is a powerful move that inspired her people and is still celebrated today as a form of patriotism and defiance.

    4. I had listened to whatever had been advised, had examined whatever drafts of constitutions others had brought me, and promised but little

      If she was promising more rights to her people I wonder what arguments were brought against this. She promised little and wanted her people to gain back rights.

    5. a document that ceded monarchical power to a settler-dominated cabinet opposed to indigenous sovereignty.

      It is surprising the United States felt so entitled to do what they believe was best for others. They used their power to control others when they had no legitimate reason to do so.

    6. The support it gained on the mainland conveyed to the world that the United States meant to act on its ambition for an empire beyond its conti-nental borders—to make Indians out of Native Hawaiians.

      I wonder if Natives will ever gain back control over the mainland. Understanding and learning about the historical context in how certain territories were taken over one would think rights would be given back at this point in time.

    1. must also remember the resistance of our ancestors that came in the form of tribal communities actively refusing to go along with Western education,

      Despite the circumstances the fact that parents were able to keep in touch with their children is inspiring and is important to be shared. Boarding schools not only forced assimilation for a colonial way of life but separated families.

    2. On school days she was immersed in English. For her, the bus represented a transitional passage between home and school, where children still spoke Ojibwe.

      It is sad to think about the double life Natives were living where they could only be themselves at home.

    3. Clearly, this Ojibwe woman found a strong association between boarding school and forced sterilization, since both were practices implicated in this kind of state interference into Indian family life, especially in relation to the bearing or rearing of children.

      How is the sterilization related to boarding schools and not just an overall form of abuse and way for Americans to control Natives as a whole.

    4. Sadly, my tribe’s history has many examples of colonial intrusion, violence, and death before and after the establishment of gov-ernment boarding schools.

      Sadly, maybe boarding schools came after most of the traumatic experiences of assimilation and they were just the next step for some and some Natives just started to accept that this is what was going to happen next despite their distaste.

    5. Everwind never complained once about learning English or his time at school, but the vivid, some might say traumatic, memories of his boarding school years were permanently imprinted on his life.

      It is interesting that he never complained yet he still has these memories forever imprinted.

    6. Is there still opportunity to narrate another sort of boarding school story, an alternative to what has become a vastly oversimplified history?

      I think even if Natives had a positive boarding school experience a lack of choice in giving up their current life and forced to assimilate will still leave a negative legacy.

    7. ndian people in American history continually made the best out of socially ambiguous situations, and it does not mean Indians in the boarding school era sacrificed their identity and ideals as they incorporated western education into their own or their children’s lives.1

      Was the difference between Natives experience purely their attitudes and willingness to embrace this new way of life? Or was is the treatment at these different boarding schools?

    8. Board-ing school letters and oral histories indicate there were countless stu-dents who not only survived, but flourished and emerged satisfied

      Why did some children flourish in the boarding schools atmosphere while for others boarding schools leave a legacy that only represent repression.

    9. “Many of the kids probably spoke Indian. The school didn’t repress it or stop it the way I’ve heard was done in some schools,”

      I wonder why there was such a change in the level of strictness in repressing Natives language because before it would have not been allowed at all.

    10. represents the changing role of boarding school for American Indian families during the Great Depres-sion

      Could one infer that boarding schools may have been a means to get by during the great depression in that some experienced adequate meals compared to others who had nothing during this time.

    11. has worked to address issues of historical trauma and unresolved grief for American Indians today, viewing their experiences as much like those of survivors of the Jewish Holocaust.

      I wonder if this statement is referring to boarding schools alone or if this is a general statement regarding how Native people were treated as a whole.

    12. Yet, some First Nations people believe the measures do not go far enough

      I agree that measures do not go far enough to make up for the past and a formal apology does little to make up for the abuse that Natives endured. "A Crime Against Humanity" is what should be taught throughout the U.S. and Canada regarding such matters to effectively depict the abuse that occurred.

    13. Canada, a national dialogue on residential school history emerged, led by charges of abuse from former students, while in the United States it remains a distant and relatively unknown chapter for non-Indians.

      It is surprising that these residential schools in Canada have lasted until the 1950's while in the United States boarding schools lasted through the 1930's. However, I think both have a negative connotation and boarding schools are not just a distant memory. This may depend on the educational experience in which people were taught about this education system but when brought to peoples attention there is no positive memory.

    14. Moreover, it was not unusual for Indian families to effusively praise teachers and superintendents, or to spill over with pride when a child graduated from Haskell or Flandreau, while a fair number of other parents challenged boarding school policies or felt a desperate alienation from the people and schools that educated their children.

      I think its interesting that some families would praise these boarding schools. It seems as though every family would oppose these policies especially when alienation from their former lifestyle occurred. A lack of choice in wanting to go to these boarding schools also seems to be a negative factor so its hard to believe some families would genuinely praise the boarding schools.

    15. boarding school is also a useful and extraordinarily powerful metaphor for colonialism

      This statement makes sense in that people moved in and took power and rights away from Natives and made them assimilate into a lifestyle that they did not choose for themselves nor would have wanted.

    16. Boarding school is now the ancestor in a direct genealogical line of terrible offspring—alcohol abuse, family and sexual violence, and other social dysfunction.

      I am curious if people believe other factors also contribute to this or if they believe boarding school was the main cause leading to these outcomes. It seems as though a multitude of causes such as allotment were also negative contributors.

    1. The soldiers had everything and were not freezing and starving.

      I wonder if the soldiers were better fed and well protected compared to the women and children because they needed to survive to protect as many people as possible.

    2. Medicine Root Creek

      It is interesting they named this route "medicine root creek" considering they are talking about how sick and starving most of the people are at this point.

    3. rom that certain sacred thing, we have had visions. In those visions we have seen, and also we have heard, that our relatives who have gone before us are in the Other World that has been revealed to us, and that we too shall go there.

      Are they saying through the visions they are listening to their past ancestors and interpreting that they should move on into this other world meaning death?

    4. If the Wasichus want to fi ght us, let them do it. Have in your minds a strong desire, and take courage. We must depend upon the departed ones who are in the new world that is coming.

      In the beginning I thought the "new world" was meant to signify change but this sentence makes it seem as though the new world is actually an afterlife. It seems as though they are saying their visions tell them to trust their ancestors who are dead and already in the "new world".

    5. that this matter of the ghost dance must be looked into, and that there should be rulings over it; and that they did not mean to take the dance away from us.

      This seems to show some push back from the Wasichus and their feelings about the "ghost dances". In lecture we learn the ghost dance is a form of living in peace and restoring the world.

    6. and I took with me six shirts like those I had seen the twelve men wearing in my vision, and six dresses like the twelve women wore.

      Are these visions a product of a ceremony that makes it seem as though these visions are real? Or could this be a dream?

    7. The people were hungry and in despair, and many believed in the good new world that was coming.

      It is interesting that many were in despair and believed a "new world" was coming however, in the opening paragraph it says many people were worried and the Wasichus were afraid of something. There seems to be conflicting views on this new world and if it was going to be better than before.

    8. many people were dancing at No Water’s Camp on Clay Creek,¹ and the agent came and told them to stop dancing. They would not stop, and they said they would fi ght for their religion

      Is this related to the " Lakota Sun Dance" where they are trying to exemplify heroism? They may be doing this to show their heroism and commitment to their religion.