I personally didn't know what spatial autocorrelation was but basically it is the tendency for gene frequencies or other genetic variables to be similar in geographically close locations. Positive spatial autocorrelation means nearby areas have similar genetic profiles, indicating patterns like short-range gene flow or habitat isolation. Negative spcial autocorrelation would mean nearby areas are genetically dissimilar, a pattern less common in biological populations.

How is long-distance movement defined, and what factors determine whether a movement is considered long-distance for a particular species.

This is important to keep in mind because the land has been altered by human, and not only have resources been added, but policies have also been put in place to regulate its use