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    1. The elevation of the 410-km discontinuity may reflect the wet condition of the slab, as a small amount of water (0.12–0.5 wt%) speeds up the olivine-to-wadsleyite phase transformation and is equivalent to a temperature increase of 150oC.

      this suggests that there is a very fast reduction in temperature, while the slab is expected to be dry, there is a sped up phase transition which indicates water. this is again representaive of how phase diagrams shift when water is involved and can even impact chemical procesess.

    2. The upper and lower mantles have relatively low water storage capacities, whereas the transition zone has a higher water storage capacity

      as seen in this diagram above in figure 3, this layered capacity to stroe water acts as a trap, sometimes holding water in a transition zone where hydrous phase minerals get stuck.

    3. . The solubility of water in nominally anhydrous minerals has been measured for phases that occur under mantle conditions

      nominally anhydrous minerals are usually silicates such as olivine and they store most of the water that is in the mantle due to the instability of a hydrous phase in a normal geotherm.

    4. including DHMS, are stable only at the low temperatures representative of slab conditions; they are not stable along the normal mantle geotherm.

      This shows that a lot of these minerals have a hard time forming undernormal conditions and only appear when temperatures are lower than expected geotherm levels.

    5. Water affects the position of phase boundaries such as the α−β transformation in the Mg2SiO4–Fe2SiO4 system

      We have observed this in class and it not only changes the position of the boundaries, but changes the shape and favors specific minerals over others due to this change.