19 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2025
    1. ACTH.

      Note that aldosterone, the end product of the mineralocorticoid pathway, does not cause negative feedback inhibition on ACTH or CRH production.

    2. increasing the expression of sodium channels in the distal tubule of the kidney.

      increasing the expression of sodium channels, potassium channels, and the Na+/K+ ATPase in the distal tubule of the kidney.

    3. and starts with renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney leading to formation of angiotensin I which is converted to angiotensin II by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).

      and starts with secretion of the protease renin from the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen, made in the liver, to angiotensin I that is converted to angiotensin II by the protease angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). (Students are often confused by and miss the fact that renin and ACE are proteases, so better to explain it here, as it is also illustrated in figure 4.)

    4. and increase sympathetic activity.

      increase in sympathetic activity, and a decrease in NaCl passing through the renal nephron, as detected by the salt-sensing macula densa cells. (if "interesting" mechanistic text on a slide is not explained a little bit, it is very annoying for the students. But they can do without all the things that angiotensin II does for now.)

  2. Feb 2025
    1. SLO 3: Describe the importance of heme degradation in the development of hyperbilirubinemia.

      Here is a Hypothesis annotation. This should be visible to everyone. I have posted it publically