e think of our bodies as being all that we are: J am my body.This think-ing helps us disrespect water, air, land, one another. But water is not exter-nal from our body, our se

What does 'Aha Makav mean if the river is emptied to the skeleton of itsfish and the miniature sand dunes of its dry silten beds

I translate

a native woman onher knees holding a box of Land O' Lakes butter whose label has a pictureof a native woman on her knees holding a box of Land O'

What threatens white people is often dismissed as myth.I have never been true in America

I carry a river. It is who I am:

suggest consult her doctor for med adjustments;make required appointments and supervised visits,try not to break dow

there have bun years of 2. depradations, 3. conceivedpolicies,and the 4. covenantsby5. Federal Government regarding 6. tribes....91

he rule said in effect, “Treat as a man any stranger in your tipiwho bears the physical semblance of a man.”

did not try to hold her. Yet,because she went, they did not therefore sever their ties with her. Their sense of responsibilityfor her remained—increased, in fact, for there was a child on the way, and it claimedsolicitous interest in its mother.

Quick! Come inside! He may be anenemy scout!”

. The boy never went beyond call, but to shout to him was outof the question. They could only rely on his training to move stealthily whenever he was outalone, as he had been taught by his uncles to d

“I may as well tell youthat I am not going to recover. Even before this pestilence was a manifest thing, I felt, I knew,that I would die before long—of what precisely, I did not know then. You and the others havesuffered too much already. I will not cause you further suffering by dying in the tipi where youmust sit day and night.

Certainlynobody dreamed of isolating the first case as a check against further spread. Had one daredsuggest doing so, it would only have shocked and hurt the others. They would have thought andsaid, “Our relatives are precious to us, sick or well. However loathsome might be theirmalady, should we separate ourselves from them, as if they were animals, just to save ourselves? It

The fact was that the epidemic was spreading and that the new blankets which the sons ofBuffalo Boy had brought home were infested with deadly germs, against which the people hadno immunity

“I know this well. I was one of the youngest and most enraged cousinsof the slain man. But I learned then that there is no more powerful agent for ensuring goodwilland smothering the flame of hate than the kinship of humans.”

If he was intended to die, he failed in the ordeal; if he was meant to live, hemiraculously survived it.

You ought not to have done that. You ought always to bring in everything that can be of use.It is no hardship dressing hides. I am used to it. Besides, we always need good buckskin forclothing and other things.”Her words were a rebuke. But under them also was happiness that he had contrived to spareher.

It is alwaysharder for a newlywed couple to get used to each other within the man’s tiyoṡpaye. You madeyour first mistake in not staying for a while with her family, where she would have only you toadjust to. Then, when she knew you well, she would be better able to meet the problem of in-laws by itself. I say this out of my own experience.

life," "liberty," and "happiness

But that did not deter Ohiya, hissister recalled, smiling. Such a little thing—children imitating adults. And yet here it wasworking out to her advantage, for here were people she could call father and mother

was incessant talk about the white men and what their presence would do to thefood supply. “They are coming in greater and greater numbers all the time, and they threatenour herds. They wantonly kill off our friends (the buffalo) and leave them spoiling on theplains. What manner of men are they, to be so wasteful? Are they children? Do they not yethave their senses? If this keeps on, we shall all starve!” S

senior wife

Uncle, have the horses watered—for my grandmother.

You do not have to marry unless you wish to

“We do not yet know how our niece will decide, of course. But ifshe says no, we must accept it. That is as it should b

But Little Chief overheard him and gave him a real going-over. ‘What are you saying?We can get our own horses if we are men. Our sister does not have to marry against her willfor our sake!’

she had no idea what sort this SacredHorse might be. He might be quite ugly, mean, stupid, stingy, or old; he might have mannerismsthat would disgust her. Why, he might not really want her.

t was useless to blame it on Crows or Mandans or other lurking enemies. They would neverinjure Dakota horses; they wanted them alive too much. No, this was the work of a spitefultribesman

Anyone who wished was at liberty to come there quietly, eat the food, and go awayagain.

By it everyone knew this was a ghost lodge, and ifthey had to walk past it they maintained silence and went by reverently

“No longer may she pose as a pure girl. She must have been out with him or he would nothave said that about her

who became a perpetual virgin

he too could be a perpetual virgin and then she too would have first right at all Virgins’ Fires,rituals at which women swore oaths to their purity, publicly daring men who knew otherwiseto expose pretenders. And always the planners of ceremonials would beseech her to carry thesacred pipe ahead of the religious processions, that her indisputable purity might add ablessing to them.

no man could besmirch with false accusations

Men do not like a discarded woman anymore than you like a discarded gown.

Even if you are greatly attracted to a man, you mustnot go after him. That is a man’s part; a woman’s is to be pursued.”

one hundred pieces of flesh for a sacrifice

t was a tremendous thing to dare to take another’s home, just as it was a serious thingto cut down a kingly tree

Myrick's body was found,his mouth was scuffed with grass

As a result-and without ocher options but co continue to starve-Dakota people retaliated.Dakota warriors organized, struck out, and killed seeders and traders.This revolc is called the Sioux Uprising

his money was payment for the land the Dakota ceded; for living within as-signed boundaries (a reservation); and for relinquishing rights co their vast hunting territorywhich, in turn, made Dakota people dependent on other means co survive: mone

Dakota 38 refers to thirty-eight Dakota men who were executed by hanging, under ordersfrom President Abraham Lincoln.To date, chis is che largest "legal" mass execution in US history

history of the sentence will be honored

he entire event was repeated in reverse, with the Omahas coming out ashosts and givers and the Dakotas as guests to sing for them. This time it was the Omahas whowere simply dressed while the Dakotas wore their finery, which, if anything, was even moreimpressive than the Omahas’,

f the word “Omaha” and the term “to sit Omaha style” had any vague meaning to Blue Bird,they certainly were completely strange to the girls.

“Listen! those peopleactually detest their children! You should see them—slapping their little ones’ faces andlashing their poor little buttocks to make them cry! Why, almost any time of day if you walknear the stockade you can hear the soldiers’ wives screaming at their children. Yes, theythoroughly scold them. I have never seen children treated so ... Only if a woman is crazy mightshe turn on her own child, not knowing what she did

‘I will have him as a son, for an oddity,’ he declared.

wives of the soldiers, also rode about in them, that was too much. Blue Bird turned to theman’s wife with an aside. “I am sure no one could ever coax me into one of those rolling-woodthings. Have you ridden in one? Ya! I would die before I could step back out onto solidground!

here he and Palani met and took an instant liking to each other, and beforeparting they entered into what was known as fellowhood, a solemn friendship pact that mustendure foreve

The remaining four, known asBadgers, Stout Hearts, Crow-keepers, and Kit Foxes, were military orders ever alert foraction.

he bold heralding of the candidates’ names without first warning or sounding them out wasthe haughty Kit Fox way of daring them to refuse the invitation. Should one do so, it would onlymean he was unsure of himself, or of his worthiness, or that the Kit Fox had made a mistake

Ultimately, I believe, Ella Deloria’s skills and character were doubled (or even multiplied)rather than disabled by her varied identifications

e toiled down gravel roads, her younger sister as chauffeur, sweltering in temperatures wellover 100 degrees and bringing meat (may it not spoil in the heat!) to aged interviewees. Shetyped as they talked—no incompetent interpreters here!—and at times eavesdropped and tooknotes without them knowing it (a practice that would give pause to today’s institutional andtribal review boards).

subordinated or marginal groups select and inventfrom materials transmitted to them by a dominant culture. While subjugated peoples cannotreadily control what emanates from the dominant culture, they do determine to varying extentswhat they absorb into their own, and what they use it for”

relied on women’s willingness towork for little or no remuneration.

Her venture into fiction liberated her frommany of the representational constraints enforced by the anthropological discourse of her day

Wynema: A Child of the Forest

Herscholarship was based on what Sioux people told her in conversations and in more-formalinterviews.

The one audience who would haveunderstood most of what she had to say—her own Dakota people—would not have whollyapproved of her publishing her ethnological manuscript; some Dakotas would not evenapprove of her knowing what she knew, an anxiety she repeatedly voice

Any untoward circumstance—the need to nurse her dyingfather, to pay for an operation for her sister, to help fund her brother’s and other relatives’education, to survive a bank or crop failure, flood or cyclone, any ill health of her ownnecessitating hospitalization (for respiratory or kidney infections and blood transfusions, evenfor dropping an iron on her foot), or breaking her glasses—temporarily bankrupted her.

the 103 young pplwho tried to kill themselves on the Pine Ridge Indian reservation overthe past four months wanted to live 50% more

y. Yr such a good Indian says some dickwalking to class. So,I no longer pick up trash.TommyPico 37

I say, I went to Sarah LawrenceCollegeI make quinoan shi

I'm a weirdo NON faggotHe puts his hands on the ribs of my chair asks do I want to go into thebathroom with him

Others have been passed down through oral history

To capitalize on its 150,000 acres, the university ran a real estateoperation that sold plots on installment plans, generating a lucrativecombination of principal and interest payments. In the late 19th century,income from the fund — traceable to the lands of the Miwok, Yokuts,Gabrieleño, Maidu, Pomo and many more — covered as much as a third ofthe University of California’s annual operating expenses.

The Morrill Act workedby turning land expropriated from tribal nations intoseed money for higher education.

f the millions of acres of Indigenousland sold to endow the land-grant universities of theUnited States

He hadspent decades evading settlers after the massacre ofhis community in the 1860s and had recently lost thelast of his fami

unless one has in mind a world where interest in learning and quality of thinking are unimportant.  

It’s not enough to add narrative reports. 

It’s not enough to tell students in advance exactly what’s expected of them.  “When school is seen as a test, rather than an adventure in ideas,” teachers may persuade themselves they’re being fair “if they specify, in listlike fashion, exactly what must be le

Assessment consultants worry that grades may not accurately reflect student performance; educational psychologists worry because grades fix students’ attention on their performance.

Grades tend to diminish students’ interest in whatever they’re learning. 

Suddenly all the joy was taken away.

Do some reading on the relationship between digital history and digital humanities