f1] lonelygirl15. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1186146298. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lonelygirl15&oldid=1186146298 (visited on 2023-11-24).

Fig. 6.6 President Obama giving a very different handshakes [f22] to a white man and a Black man (Kevin Durant [f23]). See also this Key & Peele comedy sketch on greeting differences [f24] with Jordan Peele [f25] playing Obama, and also Key & Peele’s Obama’s Anger Translator sketch [f26].# Read/watch more about code-switching here: How Code-Switching Explains The World [f27] ‘Key & Peele’ Is Ending. Here Are A Few Of Its Code Switch-iest Moments [f28] Still, modifications of behavior can also be inauthentic. In the YouTube Video Essay: YouTube: Manufacturing Authenticity (For Fun and Profit!) [f29] by Lindsay Ellis, Ellis explores nuances in authenticity as a YouTuber. She highlights the emotional labor [f30] of keeping emotional expressions consistent with their public persona, even when they are having different or conflicted feelings. She also highlights how various “calls to action” (e.g., “subscribe to my channel”) may be necessary for business and can be (and appear) authentic or inauthentic.

Tom Standage. Writing on the Wall: Social Media - The First 2,000 Years. Bloomsbury USA, New York, 1st edition edition, October 2013. ISBN 978-1-62040-283-2.

Later, sometime after the printing press, Stondage highlights how there was an unusual period in American history that roughly took up the 1900s where, in America, news sources were centralized in certain newspapers and then the big 3 TV networks. In this period of time, these sources were roughly in agreement and broadcast news out to the country, making a more unified, consistent news environment (though, of course, we can point out how they were biased in ways like being almost exclusively white men).

When we think about how data is used online, the idea of a utility calculus can help remind us to check whether we’ve really got enough data about how all parties might be impacted by some actions. Even if you are not a utilitarian, it is good to remind ourselves to check that we’ve got all the data before doing our calculus. This can be especially important when there is a strong social trend to overlook certain data. Such trends, which philosophers call ‘pernicious ignorance’, enable us to overlook inconvenient bits of data to make our utility calculus easier or more likely to turn out in favor of a preferred course of action.

4.2.3. What we lose in simplifying# As you can see in the apple example, any time we turn something into data, we are making a simplification.[1] If we are counting the number of something, like apples, we are deciding that each one is equivalent. If we are writing down what someone said, we are losing their tone of voice, accent, etc. If we are taking a photograph, it is only from one perspective, etc. Different simplifications are useful for different tasks. Any given simplification will be helpful for some tasks and be unhelpful for others. See also, this saying in statistics: All models are wrong, but some are useful [d18]

Steven Tweedie. This disturbing image of a Chinese worker with close to 100 iPhones reveals how App Store rankings can be manipulated. February 2015. URL: https://www.businessinsider.com/photo-shows-how-fake-app-store-rankings-are-made-2015-2 (visited on 2024-03-07). [c2] Sean Cole. Inside the weird, shady world of click farms. January 2024. URL: https://www.huckmag.com/article/inside-the-weird-shady-world-of-click-farms (visited on 2024-03-07).

n the other hand, some bots are made with the intention of harming, countering, or deceiving others. For example, people use bots to spam advertisements at people. You can use bots as a way of buying fake followers [c8], or making fake crowds that appear to support a cause (called Astroturfing [c9]). As one example, in 2016, Rian Johnson, who was in the middle of directing Star Wars: The Last Jedi, got bombarded by tweets that all originated in Russia (likely making at least some use of bots). “I’ve gotten a rush of tweets – coordinated tweets. Like, somewhere else on the internet th

Virtue Ethics# Sources [b24] [b25] [b26] [b27] Acting in ways consistent with the virtues (e.g., courage, truthfulness, wittiness, friendliness, etc.) leads to flourishing of an individual. In acting virtuously, you are training yourself to become more virtuous, and you will subsequently be able to act even more virtuously. Different groups have different sets of virtues: Aristotle: Courage, Temperance, Liberality, Magnificence, Magnanimity, Proper Ambition, Patience, Truthfulness, Wittiness, Friendliness, Modesty, Righteous indignation, Intelligence, Science, Theoretical Wisdom Quaker SPICES [b28] (Simplicity, Peace, Integrity, Community, Equality, Stewardship) US Army LDRSHP [b29]: Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, Personal Courage Key figures: Aristotle [b30], 300s BCE Greece [b31] Martha Nussbaum [b32], present USA

Being and becoming an exemplary person (e.g., benevolent; sincere; honoring and sacrificing to ancestors; respectful to parents, elders and authorities, taking care of children and the young; generous to family and others). These traits are often performed and achieved through ceremonies and rituals (including sacrificing to ancestors, music, and tea drinking), resulting in a harmonious