lowering the penalty for making mistakes in the classroom could spark more intrinsic engagement from students. “It’s a motivating device because you’re more willing to try again,”

I want to make it difficult, of course, but accomplishable and enjoyable.”

This effect of invoking players’ needs for competence and relatedness also drives the appeal of niche console games like the Dark Souls series, whose sophisticated play controls appeal only to expert gamers

find a balance by easing players up the learning curve with early levels that act as self-guided tutorials for mastering basic moves and controls.

are infamous and addictive for the same reason—they’re superhard

But no, in this case, game designers keep mak-ing the games longer and more challenging (and introduce new things in newones), and still manage to get them learned. How?

both frustratingand life enhancing.

However, if you want to dophysics—for good or ill—it’s best to use the word “work” the way physicistsdo. In that case, they are “right.

You are neverjust reading “in general” but not reading anything in particular

Appropriationis understood here as a process by which students learn by taking culture apart and putting itback together.

Indeed, manyof these youth were frustrated with school; some dropped out and others chose to graduateearly.They developed much of the skill and knowledge through their participation in the infor-mal learning communities

the Firefox web browser was born

for creating and sharing one’s creations, and some type of informal mentorship whereby whatis known by the most experienced is passed along to novices

A l t h o u g h t h e s e c u l t u r e s o f p a r t i c i p a t i o n a r e b e c o m i n g m o r e c o m m o n , t h e y a r e not equally accessed