In Nora's words, "A lieu de mémoire is any significant entity, whether material or non-material in nature, which by dint of human will or the work of time has become a symbolic element of the memorial heritage of any community (in this case, the French community)"[2
Vol 1 p. xvii
Everything which here arouses horror and indignation is of recent origin, belongs to the industrial epoch.
Capitalism sowing the seeds of its own destruction
Here the background embraces the pauper burial-ground, the station of the Liverpool and Leeds railway, and, in the rear of this, the Workhouse, the "Poor-Law Bastille" of Manchester, which, like a citadel, looks threateningly down from behind its high walls and parapets on the hilltop, upon the working-people's quarter below.
Important sentence Metaphor of Victorian capitalism; juxtaposition of ever-growing and increasingly efficient industry (represented by the railways) with not just poor conditions for working people in a passive sense, but active exploitation, especially by what Engels would call the bourgeois state, represented by the "Poor-Law Bastille" and the workhouse, which is happy to imprison the working class but not alleviate its suffering
a person may live in it for years, and go in and out daily without coming into contact with a working-people's quarter or even with workers, that is, so long as he confines himself to his business or to pleasure walks. This arises chiefly from the fact, that by unconscious tacit agreement, as well as with outspoken conscious determination, the workingpeople's quarters are sharply separated from the sections of the city reserved for the middle-class
Rigid class boundaries delineated by physical separation of working-class and middle-class districts
The Treaty includes no provisions for the economic rehabilitation of Europe,– nothing to make the defeated Central Powers into good neighbors, nothing to stabilize the new states of Europe, nothing to reclaim Russia; nor does it promote in any way a compact of solidarity amongst the Allies themselves; no arrangement was reached at Paris for restoring the disordered finances of France and Italy, or to adjust the systems of the Old World and the New.
Treaty just repeats the previous pattern of victories and losses in the centuries-old series of European wars; another war would shortly follow because the peace did not even attempt to create a harmonious political system in Europe
Deceived to get peace from Germany then taken advantage when it was even weaker