Ecology and Society 22(3): 4https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol22/iss3/art4/Fig. 3. Large carnivore incidents by species and type (grizzlybear, Ursus arctos; black bear, Ursus americanus; wolf, Canislupus; and cougar, Puma concolor). Percentages are cumulativeover 1999 through 2014

Similar to the patterns found by our occurrence record review,crops, food waste, and livestock carcasses feature prominently inthe diet of ursids across the globe; killing of livestock occurs lessfrequently (Newsome et al. 2015). Both black bears and grizzlybears preferentially select mixed diets (Erlenbach et al. 2014,Coogan and Raubenheimer 2016, Costello et al. 2016). Forexample, in a recent study in Wyoming bears consumed 1–20different foods per day, with an average of 7.3 (Costello et al.2016). Black bear use of human-settled areas and associated foodsources often increases when natural foods are scarce (Howe etal. 2010, Baruch-Mordo et al. 2014, Lewis et al. 2014). Althoughnot monitored, a poor berry year and decreased natural foods in2014 could explain some of the observed 2014 increase in blackbear incidents. In our study, black bear incidents werepredominately attributable to attractants including garbage,birdfeeders, and vegetation.