Critiques are two-way. It is not just one person providing critical feedback, but rather the designer articulating the rationale for their decisions (why they made the choices that they did) and the critic responding to those judgements. The critic might also provide their own counter-judgements to understand the designer’s rationale further.
I found this statement to be interesting as this is not something I thought of. I always took critiques more as an one way definition so this is a new insight of perspective I am gaining from this reading. However, this got me questioning: If a certain design gets out to the world and gets criticized, would designer always be able to articulate the rationale? If not, is it not consdiered as a feedback coming from a user?