speaking outline, you may want to include speaking cues.
I often build my speeches in this manner. I am used to this style of preparing for a speech.
speaking outline, you may want to include speaking cues.
I often build my speeches in this manner. I am used to this style of preparing for a speech.
The principle of emphasis states that the material included in your outline should be engaging and balanced
Amazing how so much goes into just the outline of the speech. Building a good foundation with the rebar certainly takes time before laying the concrete over it.
It’s important to note that an outline is different from a script. While a script contains everything that will be said, an outline includes the main content.
I used to use index cards when preparing speeches. I used to write everything out and down then I would break it all down into the points, and ideas. It eventually got easier to build a skeleton so that I could give the speech and not forget what I needed to say. Just took a ton of practice at least for me.
emember the information they heard most recently.
How the speech is structured has a huge impact with the delivery. Topical pattern seems like a lot in one.
Tips for Using PowerPoint as a Visual Aid Do not have more than two slides per main point. Use a consistent theme with limited variation in font style and font size. Incorporate text and relevant graphics into each slide. Limit content to no more than six lines of text or six bullet points per slide. Do not use complete sentences; be concise. Avoid unnecessary animation or distracting slide transitions. Only have a slide displayed when it is relevant to what you’re discussing. Insert completely black slides to display when you are not explicitly referencing content in the speech so the audience doesn’t get distracted.
I really like the breakdown of being able to present the PowerPoint quite a bit of information in here that I didn't know when it comes to presenting in this format.
bjects; chalkboards, whiteboards, and flip charts; posters and handouts; pictures; diagrams; charts; graphs; videos; and presentation software.
pretty much have seen this in the corporate world all the time, PowerPoints, charts, blah blah boring stuff. At least to me it is boring I get overloaded with charts and graphs and what not tons of information coming at me.
hypothetical examples
I didn't know that examples and hypotheticals could be used as far as a resource.
Second, most of the content on research databases has gone through editorial review, which means a professional editor or a peer editor has reviewed the material to make sure it is credible and worthy of publication. Most content on websites is not subjected to the same review process, as just about anyone with Internet access can self-publish information on a personal website, blog, wiki, or social media page.
I didn't know CWI offered so many recourses of information for study and research. I think it's amazing how technology has allowed us to just be able to pull something up and be able to use it in that moment.
hesis helps ensure that your research, organizing, and writing are focused so you don’t end up wasting time with irrelevant materials. Keep your specific purpose and thesis statement handy
I like the flow of the Thesis statement and building up the speech with the various ways to accomplish it. I like the general outline of it so that you're not running around in circles trying to figure out what to put into the speech.
Your specific purpose is a one-sentence statement that includes the objective you want to accomplish in your speech. You do not speak aloud your specific purpose during your speech; you use it to guide your researching, organizing, and writing. A good specific purpose statement is audience centered, agrees with the general purpose, addresses one main idea, and is realistic.
I've never implemented this in my speech writing. Humm interesting. Always learning new ways to get it done.
brainstorming a list of your personal interests that can then be narrowed down to a speech topic. It makes sense that you will enjoy speaking about something that you care about or find interesting. The research and writing will be more interesting, and the delivery will be easier since you won’t have to fake enthusiasm for your topic. Speaking about something you’re familiar with and interested in can also help you manage speaking anxiety. While it’s good to start with your personal interests, some speakers may get stuck here if they don’t feel like they can make their interests relevant to the audience.
Personally, I love brainstorming, I usually get a ton of ideas and then I can narrow down all the things related to the subject so that there isn't too much information.
the general purpose of your speech will be to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.
I agree they should be engaging and entertaining to suck in the audience. Keep them captivated and engaged fully. Being able to be relatable is pretty important so as not to lose anyone in the delivery.
Situational audience analysis considers the physical surroundings and setting of a speech.
Important to know your speech setting so that you can be comfortable and know how to differentiate between your delivery or volumes. I like to see the setting is it a big convention center, is it a small dynamic of just company meeting, is it more comedic? I think this should have a impact on what type of speech is to be given as well.
Perhaps you have a reputation for being humorous, being able to translate complicated information into more digestible parts, or being interactive with the audience and responding to questions.
Captivating the audience with different speaking formats is going to definitely have an impact. In person I really enjoy joking around with having fun. Depending on the requirements of the speech and whom it is being delivered to sometimes I like to come across as such. Just really depends on my setting.
Psychological audience analysis considers your audience’s psychological dispositions toward the topic, speaker, and occasion and how their attitudes, beliefs, and values inform those dispositions. When considering your audience’s disposition toward your topic, you want to assess your audience’s knowledge of the subject. You wouldn’t include a lesson on calculus in an introductory math course.
Consideration of the audience again and what they may or may not know go into the complexity or simplicity of the details being given. Yes, tailoring it to specifics and staying on topic are very important as well. I agree with one of the other comments that jumping around and giving irrelevant information makes the speech hard to understand where the speaker is coming from,.
One of the first questions you should ask yourself is “Who is my audience?”
When thinking about writing any speech this is something that I really ponder? For me it's important to be relatable when it comes to giving a speech, is it corporate, informative, and so on but also because the depth of the information to give and is it going to be simple or more dive into with information.
“Things aren’t always as they appear” is useful when evaluating your own perceptions. Sometimes it’s a good idea to bounce your thoughts off someone, especially if the perceptions relate to some high-stakes situation
I really like this saying considering there is much in this world that is presented to us in a way that is inciting. Being open to ideas and self-awareness and double checking ourselves with our friends can help re affirm things we might have already known. I do this quite often and bounce ideas off my bestie or someone in my family that has more life experiences than I do. I've come to realize in age that I might not always see the entire picture.
Empathetic listening can also help us expand our self- and social awareness by learning from other people’s experiences and taking on different perspectives. Empathetic listening is challenging because it requires cognitive and emotional investment that goes beyond the learning of a skill set.
Actively listening again is something I struggle with. My focus and attention span are about 10 seconds of conversation and if by then it hasn't clicked it is hard to stay engaged. This is something I've had to really stive to work. Listening to the end and being able to accept the differences of opinions.
People can also get into a negative thought and action cycle by setting unrealistic goals and consistently not meeting them. Similar to a self-fulfilling prophecy, people who set unrealistic goals can end up with negative feelings of self-efficacy, which as we learned earlier, can negatively affect self-esteem and self-concept.
Surrounding myself with people who have the nontoxic attitudes had opened up doors to better interpersonal friendships. It has built up the sense of self concept and helps me be realistic about my life and goals. Keeps me grounded as one would say. I've really seen the impact of a toxic individual and I look back and wonder how anyone can tolerate that type of attitude.
chronically insecure, meaning they are very concerned about being accepted by others but constantly feel that other people will dislike them
Insecurities lead to many different self-awareness issues and thus spill over into different areas of having to work on. Chronic insecurity leads to much second guessing and self-doubt which leads to hesitation and then round and round we go on the merry go round. Hard to realize many people go thru this mindset and have a hard time moving forward with positive steps of self concept.
Self-fulfilling prophecies are thought and action patterns in which a person’s false belief triggers a behavior that makes the initial false belief actually or seemingly come true
Preconceived ideas of people certainly attribute to self-fulfilling prophecies. I couldn't agree more with Kampi Hulme. Having open concepts can lead to better understanding of others and opportunities not yet taken.
These powerful forces serve positive functions but can also set into motion negative patterns of self-perception. Two
Seems like family and friends only have limited impact on self-perceptions especially when you're older. Social media is right there in your face dictating what you should be or how it should look. The data is collected and, then generated to incite you more. Outside influences from people, you don't even know creep into your life and you're just doing the latest trend or tick tock or following someone on Instagram. This generation of behind the phone and always stuck on it is crazy. I can go to a cafe and look around and no one is ever talking and interacting with who they are with. If I see a couple without phones in their hands it is usually an older couple. Sad how much of an impact social media has on society now.
Remember, people try to increase predictability and decrease uncertainty within personal relationship
Uncertainty can cause me to second guess myself and step back. Of course, we all want the predictability of a personal relationship as it makes the path easier. My best friend always finds the good in people always exuberates positivity and she doesn't swear. It has been quite different having her impact my life for the better. She definitely was not my normal kind of person I relate to or open up to. But being open and not relying on the predictability has made me a better communicator with others.
better listening and empathetic skills, becoming aware of stereotypes and prejudice, developing self-awareness through self-reflection, and engaging in perception checking.
Listening and empathy is something I have really had to work on over the past few years. Actually, being engaged and actively listening to what is being said so that I make the better decisions instead of jumping the gun. This is where I really have to put forth the effort and not let my mind wander like it normally does.
Discrepancies between the actual and ideal/ought selves can be motivating in some ways and prompt people to act for self-improvement
When I fall short and don't meet my own expectations and goals. I refocus myself and I do what is necessary to get it done. This has always helped me with my own journey of self-improvements. Nothing is impossible, it is only impossible when we do not try. Growing up I had much difficulty with this as both my parents worked a lot, and the reinforcement was not there. As an adult I've really have had to evaluate how I go about my tasks.
The verbal and nonverbal feedback we get from people affect our feelings of self-efficacy and our self-esteem.
While working at Amazon I notice that the feedback we received from our managers and out PAs had a huge impact on our numbers and output. When were we having bad days of barely meeting our number quota per hour they would come to our stations and have a quick one on one of hey how's it going is there anything we can do for you? Do you need an energy drink? Snack? Even with good numbers and them checking in and extra positive reinforcement would help boost productivity. Nonverbal communications from them also had impact it led us to believe we were packing within our rates thus sometimes producing lower numbers that needed.
How we judge ourselves affects our communication and our behaviors, but not every negative or positive judgment carries the same weight.
I find this very true. I've noticed that when speaking to coworkers that are younger and unsure of themselves, they will studder a bit when talking or they turn red. I know that life experiences on my end are far more than what they have under their belt, so I believe this factors into that. I try to assure them that their ideas are just as important besides I might be able to catch up with the times and learn something new from them.
We generally want to know where we fall in terms of ability and performance as compared to others, but what people do with this information and how it affects self-concept varies.
This comparison really can have a mental impact on self. As a former athlete I never tried to compare myself to others as this would bring me down thinking I couldn't perform as well. When talking to my teammates they would be thinking the same thing trying to compare and only feeling down about not being able to meet the standard they were setting for themselves. I've realized that staying in my own lane and doing best to my own abilities has worked best for me. I really believe mental health is important.
Our self-concept is also formed through our interactions with others and their reactions to us
I reflect a lot of the time when having interactions. I base my behaviors off what I am reading from the other individual and my familiarity with them. Usually, I have no issues with being comfortable therefore being relatable. As far as comparison of superiority and inferiority or similarities and differences. I really try not to stoop to this mindset, for me it does no good and can lead me into preconceived ideas on a personal level. Sometimes I just go with the flow and let it be. Then I am not so self-aware and worrying about things. I can be more relaxed with my interactions and then walk away and think about it. Depends on the situation and environment.
-concept is also influenced by context, meaning we think differently about ourselves depending on the situation we are in. In some situations, personal characteristics, such as our abilities, personality, and other distinguishing features, will best describe who we are.
I feel like myself concept is definitely influenced by where I am at and whom I am around. The questions being asked as well is very influential by what I say. Basically, over all its the same just with different presentations.
The Big Five Personality Traits
In my work environment, all of these are displayed more outrightly. When you work with someone you spend a lot of time with that person, and you come to realize how much of their personality comes into play when you decide to like/dislike them or you trust or don't trust them. Values, and culture really come into play.
This simple us/them split affects subsequent interaction, including impressions and attributions.
Finding common ground for me in this "like us" or "not like us" world is hard to keep at the forefront especially when trying to develop more interpersonal friendships. Stepping back and giving opportunities for people to really present themselves can lead to new experiences and a larger vast of knowledge. Not easy to do at all.
halo effect occurs when initial positive perceptions lead us to view later interactions as positive. The horn effect occurs when initial negative perceptions lead us to view later interactions as negative
This is applicable to me in the work setting. We have instructors that are always keeping us up to date with certifications. Depending on how I interact with them, how they speak, and convey the information usually has this halo and horn effect for me.
The recency effect leads us to put more weight on the most recent impression we have of a person’s communication over earlier impressions. Even a positive first impression can be tarnished by a negative final impression.
Seeing this in the workplace is common for me. I get impressions then realize later on wow not at all what I got from them on the initial interaction. Or I have the moment where I look back and think, I was pretty much right about how they came across.
Studies show that people are generally able to predict how another person will behave toward them based on an initial interaction. People’s accuracy and ability to predict interaction based on first impressions vary, but people with high accuracy are typically socially skilled and popular and have less loneliness, anxiety, and depression; more satisfying relationships; and more senior positions and higher salaries
I see this daily with how individuals come across. Perceptions of them are based on all experiences I have had good and bad regardless of the fact that I just met them. To me sometimes the best impression left is when people are not trying to impress, and they are just having casual no expectant conversations. Primary effect to me has more room for interpretations and more openness. Resetting my thinking on more personal levels not prejudgment like I am used to.
fundamental attribution error, which refers to our tendency to explain others’ behaviors using internal rather than external attributions
It is much easier to blame someone else then ourselves for the situation we get ourselves in. Having to take responsibility for our own errors and not having to really break down the situations just make life easy. Certainly, leads to a ton of negativity and possible misunderstanding of situations. I work with lady who constantly starts off conversations with, "You want know what happened me today because of." I just don't have the time for that kind of conversation especially when it is blame shifting.
perception to make judgments about personality traits, credibility, deception, and the presence or absence of a weapon, among others things, and just like you and me, officers use the same process of selection, organization, and interpretation. This research has found that officers, like us, rely on schema to help them make decisions under time and situational constraints
I agree with you Justin many people get prejudged. However, how seasoned an officer is and how well they communicate and lend themselves to looking outside the box make for better experiences instead of the "God complex." I can say that in my own experience there have been many times where Schemata has saved me from very bad situations when I have made prejudgments'. Again, not all my judgments have been correct and thus I've learned and looked to make better interactions.
We’ve all been in a similar situation at some point in our lives, so we know that revising our schemata can be stressful and that such revision takes effort and usually involves some mistakes, disappointments, and frustrations. But being able to adapt our schemata is a sign of cognitive complexity, which is an important part of communication competence. So, even though the process may be challenging, it can also be a time for learning and growth.
Being observant and noticing details has never meant I wasn't wrong. I've learned so much from allowing myself to be open to different viewpoints and how to reorganize how I look at situations. What I might have perceived wasn't correct and based on that and working with a teammate I get the opportunity to grow and expand in my skill set of ok this is a better way to do this and get the results.
mental structures known as schemata.
Usually in the work place I am not the best with names. I look at cameras quite often and I have to be able to recognize people by how they present themselves. Usually people walk with a shuffle, a limp, don't distribute their weight evenly on their feet. The way they swing their hands or hold their body is how I relate to individuals instead of their names. I know quite odd but even when not looking at cameras I relate to people with how they physically carry themselves. I used to be a massage therapist, and we learned the body can say many things about individuals you just have to stand back and observe what is being reflected.
Interpretation is the third part of the perception process, in which we assign meaning to our experiences using mental structures known as schemata.
A ton of my interpretation is definitely based off personal and professional experience. But then again it is also based off of the mood that I am in. How much of a threshold do I have for my brain functionality that day? Interpretation and what is being relayed sometime is just to dang hard. Especially if the point isn't being made. Sometimes I'm ok get on with it please? Then I lose interest and stop talking sure I nod my head but if I am at that point, I am already done trying to figure it out.
rganizing is the second part of the perception process, in which we sort and categorize information that we perceive based on innate and learned cognitive patterns. Three ways we sort things into patterns are by using proximity, similarity, and difference
Using proximity, similarity, and differences I feel are something that is second nature. Going thru the Post academy it is something that I was aware of before but then it became more prominent when working in the system. When working around incarcerated individuals you pick up on the similarities and differences quickly and you have to be prepared to respond accordingly.
information that we perceive to meet our needs or interests in some way.
Driving individuals around opens the way for diverse perspectives. I rarely find myself not interested in listening if they are on their phones talking while I am driving them to their destination. Usually, I look at the individual's picture before picking them up and I decide on the type of music they might like. That usually opens the door to conversations or hey I remember when. Thus, the passenger is unknowingly diving into something we have in common.
“Public Speaking in Various Contexts”, altering the rate, volume, and pitch of your voice, known as vocal variety, can help keep your audience engaged, as can gestures and movement. Conversely, nonverbal adaptors, or nervous movements we do to relieve anxiety like pacing or twirling our hair, can be distracting. Aside from minimizing distractions and delivering our messages enthusiastically, the content of our communication also affects salience.
In my interactions I've been more conscious of my true reflective feelings. How am I coming across to the individual and what do I really want to say? Is what I am reflecting correct, and did I leave some kind of small impact than just a word dump? If I was genuinely happy was that reflected in my conversation? If I was extremely tired when asked if I was ok did, I just perceive that and nothing else? How was my projected voice? In working with tons of individuals from many cultures it gives way to different perspective.
We tend to pay attention to information that is salient. Salience is the degree to which something attracts our attention in a particular context.
Salience is very important to me considering my attention span sucks! I have to really be captivated by someone, or something really has to seem out of place and then I notice it and actually sit back and observe the details. But then again, I notice a ton of details and I usually look at what is there even with people in public and behaviors. Maybe it has to do with the professions I have had, and detail has always been important. Sounds contradicting but personal level, I try not to notice, professional always have to.
Although perception is a largely cognitive and psychological process, how we perceive the people and objects around us affects our communication. We respond differently to an object or person that we perceive favorably than we do to something we find unfavorable. But how do we filter through the mass amounts of incoming information, organize it, and make meaning from what makes it through our perceptual filters and into our social realities?
I feel like with this sometimes it's immediate. Glance a look up and down and decision of do I think it is worth it or not. Do I actually have time to interact. Would it be someone I could connect with. This response yes clearly judgmental. Even when I do not intend to be this way. I always have to tell my inner voice I have to keep an open mind. Honestly what can I learn from this individual or situation?
Communication ethics varies by culture and context and involves the negotiation of and reflection on our actions regarding what we think is right and wrong
Regardless of how we communicate, everything we do verbally or non-verbally has a profound effect on others around us including ourselves. We are governed to communicate in ways that can be right and wrong. But how we move forward with the skills help us in the long run.
The United States is considered an individualistic culture, where emphasis is put on individual expression and success
Individual expression and success seem so dry. I think of the country being compared to the US and how they are more focused on cohesion and harmony which don't make for cutthroat environments. It allows people to learn together as groups and support one another. Just my opinion.
Communication allows us to present ourselves to others in particular ways.
Identity needs to me the many different faces or hats that we use in our daily lives when interacting. Conforming and non-conforming to the stimulus received. How we project ourselves either on a personal or more professional level.
Offering rewards. Seeks compliance in a positive way, by promising returns, rewards, or generally positive outcomes. Threatening punishment. Seeks compliance in a negative way, by threatening negative consequences such as loss of privileges, grounding, or legal action. Using expertise. Seeks compliance by implying that one person “knows better” than the other based on experience, age, education, or intelligence. Liking. Seeks compliance by acting friendly and helpful to get the other person into a good mood before asking them to do something. Debt. Seeks compliance by calling in past favors and indicating that one person “owes” the other. Altruism. Seeks compliance by claiming that one person only wants “what is best” for the other and he or she is looking out for the other person’s “best interests.” Esteem. Seeks compliance by claiming that other people will think more highly of the person if he or she complies or think less of the person if he or she does not comply.
Seems like these practices are very common in daily living and professional environments. Especially when in higher positions and dealing with various individuals from diverse backgrounds.
Research has shown that introductory communication courses provide important skills necessary for functioning in entry-level jobs, including listening, writing, motivating/persuading, interpersonal skills, informational interviewing, and small-group problem solving
Being able to communicate and change your style of delivery can have a profound effect on how well you do socially, academically, and professionally. More desirable for employers to have someone skilled in this aspect.
ansmission model of communication describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receive
I sometimes have to stop myself from conveying to much in how I communicate nonverbally. Many times, because I am quiet until I know you it can make people feel uncomfortable or intimidated. Which is never an intention of mine, but it comes across quite a bit.
Public communication becomes mass communication when it is transmitted to many people through print or electronic media. Print media such as newspapers and magazines continue to be an important channel for mass communication, although they have suffered much in the past decade due in part to the rise of electronic media.
Not too fond of posting on social media outlets. I used to be but then I saw how many people can invade your privacy. Never been a fan of tic tock and never downloaded it. I would rather interact on a face-to-face platform than media. Can be manipulated to easily and things are not what they appear to be.
Public communication, at least in Western societies, is also more sender focused than interpersonal or group communication. It is precisely this formality and focus on the sender that makes many new and experienced public speakers anxious at the thought of facing an audience.
This is my least favorite form of communication as I get pretty nervous in front of audiences. I prefer the smaller settings but if needed with tons of practice I can deliver a speech if necessary.
Goal-oriented communication at the group level usually focuses on a task assigned to the whole group; for example, a group of people may be tasked to figure out a plan for moving a business from one office to another. You know from previous experience working in groups that having more communicators usually leads to more complicated interactions. Some of the challenges of group communication relate to task-oriented interactions, such as deciding who will complete each part of a larger project.
I really enjoy this setting of communication as it lends itself to learning new ways of looking and dealing with different situations. Helps me to realize the differences in points of view and how to overcome the obstacle.
nterpersonal communication builds, maintains, and ends our relationships, and we spend more time engaged in interpersonal communication than the other forms of communication.
Sometimes because I am more on a level of Intrapersonal voice, I expect people to read my cues. I've really had to work on more one-on-one communication to avoid misunderstandings in making sure that my delivery is being received correctly. So, I've really learned to ask questions after communicating so that I know there are no issues with my one on one communicatio.
Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking. Like other forms of communication, intrapersonal communication is triggered by some internal or external stimulus
I am constantly using inner voice dialogue. It is a 24/7 thing. Seems like it never ends. Constanly going over things in my head before they are spoken or written. In the catagory of constant overthinking. Always thinking of the reactions to my actions and so on.
Memory is the least studied of the five canons and refers to the techniques employed by speakers of that era to retain and then repeat large amounts of information.
Repetitive information and retaining is something that I struggle with. My dyslexia and my attention span really interfere with my studying methods. So I am always finding ways to incorporate what is learned and put it to use immediately so that I can hold onto it.