The double backquote is used to enter in verbatim mode, which can be used as the escaping character. There are some restrictions about the * and `` syntax. They cannot not be nested, content may not start or end with whitespace: * text* is wrong, it must be separated from surrounding text by non-word characters like a space.

    r"""Validate behavior with network_metadata.

    Ensure we handle ``NUMACell``\ s that have ``network_metadata`` set
    along with those where this is unset.
    ""

Understanding nova compute architecture (Flow Chart)

In a small/simple scenario, the rules do not have much of an impact as all the services can communicate with each other on a single message bus and in a single cell database. However, as the deployment grows, scaling and security concerns may drive separation and isolation of the services.

alembic： 不抄我怎么解释 通常我们会将我们的代码放入到某个VCS（版本控制系统）中，进行可追溯的版本管理。一个项目除了代码，通常还会有一个数据库，这个数据库可能会随着项目的演进发生变化，甚至需要可以回滚到过去的某个状态，于是一些工具将数据库的版本化也纳入了管理。 Alembic 是 Sqlalchemy 的作者实现的一个数据库版本化管理工具，它可以对基于Sqlalchemy的Model与数据库之间的历史关系进行版本化的维护。 随着软件的开发，功能的增加，方向的调整，数据库的结构也会跟着变化，那么数据库结构怎么管理呢？手动管理，实在不是程序员的办法，alembic就是为了自动化处理数据库结构的工具。会随着程序中对数据库对象的定义，半自动的修改你的数据库结构。

versioned objects

Vision Reflection

Update a wrapper function to look like the wrapped function. The optional arguments are tuples to specify which attributes of the original function are assigned directly to the matching attributes on the wrapper function and which attributes of the wrapper function are updated with the corresponding attributes from the original function. The default values for these arguments are the module level constants WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS (which assigns to the wrapper function’s __name__, __module__ and __doc__, the documentation string) and WRAPPER_UPDATES (which updates the wrapper function’s __dict__, i.e. the instance dictionary). The main intended use for this function is in decorator functions which wrap the decorated function and return the wrapper. If the wrapper function is not updated, the metadata of the returned function will reflect the wrapper definition rather than the original function definition, which is typically less than helpful.

Decorators provide a simple syntax for calling higher-order functions. By definition, a decorator is a function that takes another function and extends the behavior of the latter function without explicitly modifying it.

python装饰器的wraps作用

sea life to move farther north than ever before

Report CPU features to the placement service

os-traits

JSON Schema is a powerful tool for validating the structure of JSON data

JSON Schema is a vocabulary that allows you to annotate and validate JSON documents.

JSON基于两种结构：json简单说就是javascript中的对象和数组，所以这两种结构就是对象和数组两种结构，通过这两种结构可以表示各种复杂的结构

Placement API

lasting more than 18 months

The Cambodian government has rejected a demand from a major opposition party to release its leader from detention. Prime Minister Hun Sen said Monday that Kem Sokha, leader of Cambodia's National Rescue Party, will remain detained for now

A declaration by a witness under oath, as that given before a court or deliberative body.

One who can give a firsthand account of something seen, heard, or experienced: a witness to the accident.

当运行我们的测试套件时，可能会发生测试结果不确定，因为测试套件依赖于系统中特定的文件可访问或具有某些特定的值。

./run在顶层还有一个脚本，可以使运行尚未安装的程序更容易，并且可以在gdb或Valgrind下封装各种测试的调用。

这些测试默认从tarball编译或配置选项--enable-expensive-tests时运行; 您也可以通过在创建时将VIR_TEST_EXPENSIVE设置为0或1来强制执行这些测试的一次性切换

根据开发环境中的缺省情况，某些测试会根据所需的时间与增量构建期间这些测试可能导致问题的可能性相比较而被忽略。

In Linux 4.12 kernel and newer, Intel RDT/MBA is enabled by kernel config CONFIG_INTEL_RDT.

On UEFI-based systems, the command will be grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg

ApplicationDevelopment Guide

Static branch prediction on newer Intel processors

to lessen in force or intensity, as wrath, grief, harshness, or pain; moderate.

So far, there are three known variants of the issue: Variant 1: bounds check bypass (CVE-2017-5753) Variant 2: branch target injection (CVE-2017-5715) Variant 3: rogue data cache load (CVE-2017-5754)

national mechanism for the prevention of torture in Congress, which had [...] already been preliminarily approved by the Senate.

MADV_DONTNEED Do not expect access in the near future. (For the time being, the application is finished with the given range, so the kernel can free resources associated with it.)

缺页中断分为两类，一种是内存缺页中断，这种的代表是malloc，利用malloc分配的内存只有在程序访问到得时候，内存才会分配；另外就是硬盘缺页中断，这种中断的代表就是mmap，利用mmap映射后的只是逻辑地址，当我们的程序访问时，内核会将硬盘中的文件内容读进物理内存页中，这里我们就会明白为什么mmap之后，访问内存中的数据延时会陡增

To explore is to go outside one’s own knowledge, geography, or culture. To exploit is to make full use of one’s resources or to take advantage of opportunities.

Explore has many connotations having to do with searching and finding out

Exploit

全连接层（fully connected layers，FC）在整个卷积神经网络中起到“分类器”的作用。如果说卷积层、池化层和激活函数层等操作是将原始数据映射到隐层特征空间的话，全连接层则起到将学到的“分布式特征表示”映射到样本标记空间的作用。在实际使用中，全连接层可由卷积操作实现：对前层是全连接的全连接层可以转化为卷积核为1x1的卷积；而前层是卷积层的全连接层可以转化为卷积核为hxw的全局卷积，h和w分别为前层卷积结果的高和宽（注1）。

LDA的思想还是很简单的：给定训练样本，设法将样本投影到一条直线或者一张超平面上，使得同类样例点的投影尽可能的接近，异类样本点的投影尽可能远离；在对新的样本点进行分类时，将其投影到上述确定的这条直线上，再根据投影点的位置来确定新样本的类别，如下图所示（为方便可视化，以二维数据为例）

其中wi(i=1,2,...m)为拉格朗日乘子。由于原始问题满足凸优化理论中的KKT条件，因此原始问题的解和对偶问题的解是一致的。这样我们的损失函数的优化变成了拉格朗日对偶问题的优化。

仿射函数

最大熵模型假设分类模型是一个条件概率分布P(Y|X), X为特征，Y为输出。给定一个训练集，(x(1),y(1)),(x(2),y(2)),...，(x(m),y(m)),其中x为n维特征向量，y为类别输出。我们的目标就是用最大熵模型选择一个最好的分类类型。

一、顺序统计量

二、经验分布函数（EDF，Empirical Distribution Functions）

特异性(specificity)的定义图上没有直接写明，这里给出，是红色半圆除以右边的长方形。严格的数学定义如下：S=FP/(FP+TN) 

坐标下降法坐标轴下降法顾名思义，是沿着坐标轴的方向去下降，这和梯度下降不同。梯度下降是沿着梯度的负方向下降。不过梯度下降和坐标轴下降的共性就都是迭代法，通过启发式的方式一步步迭代求解函数的最小值。坐标轴下降法的数学依据主要是这个结论（此处不做证明）：一个可微的凸函数J(θ), 其中θ是nx1的向量，即有n个维度。如果在某一点θ¯，使得J(θ)在每一个坐标轴θ¯i(i = 1,2,...n)上都是最小值，那么J(θ¯i)就是一个全局的最小值

就是它的损失函数不是连续可导的

standard ℓ p {\displaystyle \ell ^{p}} norm.

Here t {\displaystyle t} is a prespecified free parameter that determines the amount of regularisation

假设函数(hypothesis function) 如下：

所以如果满足了库恩-塔克条件，那么他们就是原问题和对偶问题的解。

连续可微，利用高中的知识，对求导数，然后令导数为0，就可解出最优解

# 可以这样想：(1) 我们的两个任务：①对参数最小化L（解SVM要求），②对乘子又要最大化（拉格朗日乘子法要求）， (2) 如果上面的约束条件成立，整个求和都是非负的，很好L是可以求最小值的；(3) 约束条件不成立，又要对乘子最大化，全身非负的L直接原地爆炸

什么是SVM？Support Vector Machine, 一个普通的SVM就是一条直线罢了，用来完美划分linearly separable的两类。但这又不是一条普通的直线，这是无数条可以分类的直线当中最完美的，因为它恰好在两个类的中间，距离两个类的点都一样远。而所谓的Support vector就是这些离分界线最近的『点』。

  在给出几何间隔的定义之前，咱们首先来看下，如上图所示，对于一个点 x ，令其垂直投影到超平面上的对应的为 x0 ，由于 w 是垂直于超平面的一个向量，为样本x到分类间隔的距离，我们有

当我们要判别一个新来的特征属于哪个类时，只需求，若大于0.5就是y=1的类，反之属于y=0类。

使用logistic函数（或称作sigmoid函数）

How likely is this concern to happen?

conventions of upper case first letter.

probe PROBEPOINT [, PROBEPOINT] { [STMT ...] }Events are specified in a special syntax calledprobe points. There are several varieties of probe points definedby the translator, and tapset scripts may define others using aliases. The provided probe points are listedin thestapprobes(3),tapset::*(3stap), andprobe::*(3stap)man pages. The STMT statement blockis executed whenever ıany of the named PROBEPOINT events occurs

Suppose one person attempts to buy every single thing he has ever wanted; one puts it all in the bank and uses the money only sparingly, for special occasions; and one gives it all to charity.

"American laws and American policy view the content of communications as the most private and the most valuable, but that is backwards today," said Marc Rotenberg, the executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, a Washington group.

The system is backwards compatible with existing Playstation games, while Dolphin will mark Nintendo's switch from cartridges to DVDs.

clut•ter (ˈklʌt ər) v.t. 1. to fill or litter with things in a disorderly manner: Newspapers cluttered the living room. v.i. 2. Dial. to bustle. n. 3. a disorderly heap or assemblage; litter. 4. a confused state. 5. echoes on a radar screen that do not come from the target.

This should become apparent as you read.

is aware that certain conduct may amount to a crime for which they will be held accountable.

no·ta·tion  (nō-tā′shən)n.1. a. A system of figures or symbols used in a specialized field to represent numbers, quantities, tones, or values: musical notation.b. The act or process of using such a system.2. A brief note; an annotation: marginal notations.

I'll post more in a bit.

New York's budget has been overdue now for weeks (it was due April 1) but at that time, the legislature will set what they feel is appropriate SUNY tuition.

Orientation tuning, but not direction selectivity, is invariant to temporal frequency in primary visual cortex

1.在同一个意群中,相邻的两个词,前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,往往要拼在一起连读。如: 　　　　He is a student.(is与a要连读) 　　　　That is a right answer.(That与is,is和a,right和answer都可以连读) 　　　　I’ll be back in half an hour.(back和in,half和an,an与hour都可以连读)。