The neuronal membrane is what's keeping the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid separate.

The neuronal membrane is made of a fatty material, it acts like a waterproof seal.

The neuronal membrane (or nerve cell membrane) is a thin, fatty barrier that encloses the entire neuron, separating its internal components from the external environment.

Receptors: these are protein complexes that listen for chemical signals (neurotransmitters) from other neurons. When a signal binds to a receptor, it tells the membrane to open its gates and change the cells electrical state.

Sclerosis literally means hardening. It describes a process where healthy, soft tissue is replaced by hard, scar - like connective tissue, usually due to chronic inflammation or injury.

Sclerosis in the Brain The Attack: Your immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath (the insulation created by glial cells)

The Damage: This is stripping away of myelin is called demyelination

The Sclerosis: as the body tries to heal, it leaves behind tough, fibrous scar tissue called plaques or lesions

The Result: Because these hard scares replace the smooth myelin, the electrical signals (thoughts/movements) get slowed down, distorted, or blocked

The Numbers Game: We aren't smarter because our brain is built with "special" ingredients; we're smarter because we have a higher total number of neurons (around 86 billion) than other animals.

The 1:1 Ratio: New research shows humans have about one glial cell for every one neuron, just like other primates. This proves our brain follows the same "standard" blueprint as monkeys and apes - we just have a larger, denser version of it .

Humans aren't built different from other primates; we just have more neurons (86 billion). 1:1 glia to neuron ratio proves we follow the same scaling rules as other primates but our higher neuron count in the cortex is what drives our intelligence.

Non- Neuronal cells that form the primary support system of the brain and spinal cord. While neurons are the cells that send electrical signals, glia ensure those neurons have a stable, healthy environment to function properly

The Endocrine System is a network of glands and organs that produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate essential bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, reproduction, mood, and sleep

Physiological Definition: The normal, healthy functioning of living organisms and their parts, encompassing physical and chemical processes