whether generosity and humility, which are virtues, canalso be passions

Pastoral work with young people will also help to train them gradually for 1196sociopolitical action and for the work of changing less human structures intomore human ones, in line with the social teaching of the Church

We may, however,acknowledge a kind of conflict, in so far as the same cause that producesa certain passion in the soul often also produces certain movements in thebody, to which the soul makes no contribution and which the soul stopsor tries to stop as soon as it perceives them.

For example, if anger causes the hand to rise to strike a blow, thewill can usually restrain it; if fear moves the legs in flight, the will canstop them; and similarly in other cases

For it must be observed that the principal effect of all the human passionsis that they move and dispose the soul to want the things for which theyprepare the body. Thus the feeling of fear moves the soul to want to flee,that of courage to want to fight, and similarly with the others.

Thus it is no more necessary that our soul should exercise its 354functions directly in the heart in order to feel its passions there, than thatit should be in the sky in order to see the stars there

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Thoughts actions of the soul (volitions and voluntary imaginings))' passions of the soul in general sense (perceptions)(19)caused by the soul(perception of volition)neural non-neural^ (imaginings)ref. to bodyref. to ext. obj. (24) ref. to soul(23) (passions in

Hope is a disposition of the soul to be convinced that what it desires willcome about. It is caused by a particular movement of the spirits,consisting of the movement of joy mixed with that of desire. And anxietyis another disposition of the soul, which convinces it that its desires willnot be fulfilled. It should be noted that these two passions, althoughopposed, may nevertheless occur together, namely when we think ofreasons for regarding the fulfilment of the desire as easy, and at the sametime we think of other reasons which make it seem difficult

certain heat or agitation which disposes the soul to apply itself energeti-cally to accomplish the tasks it wants to perform, whatever their naturemay be.

The result is that vain people attempt to humble everyone else:being slaves to their desires, they have souls which are constantly agitatedby hatred, envy, jealousy, or anger

Those who possess this knowledge and this feeling about themselvesreadily come to believe that any other person can have the sameknowledge and feeling about himself, because this involves nothingwhich depends on someone else