However, we found that suppressing yellow expression in the larval CNS, dopaminergic neurons, or serotonergic neurons (Figure 2—figure supplement 3, FET, P values ranging from 0.45 to 1), or in all neurons (Figure 2E, FET, p=1 in all cases) or all glia (Figure 2F, FET, p=1), had no significant effect on male mating success.

We hypothesized that the MRS might contain an enhancer driving yellow expression and found that ChIP-seq data indicate the Doublesex (Dsx) transcription factor binds to this region in vivo (Clough et al., 2014).

The genes that control these behavioural differences can hold clues to controlling the reproduction of economically and medically important insects, such as testse flies and mosquitoes

Reproductive behavior and biology, while extensively studied in the laboratory, is less well-understood in the wild.

The divide by life history stage was approximately equal with 106 prime moose and 109 senescent moose

moose habitat decisions also affect the distribution of wolf-moose interactions

The probability of polar bears being present was negatively related to length of the ice season (Figure 5A, Table 3A), indicating that more bears were encountered on land in years when the ice season was short.

Understanding causes and consequences of climate-related shifts in ecosystem functioning, as well as the role of focal species in these processes, is currently a dominant theme in ecology.

At least 11 of these species are of conservation concern, such as the critically endangered smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) and hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata).

anthropogenic

Alligators are extremely cryptic, making traditional methodsfor estimation of population size ineffective.

Most alligators inLouisiana were harvested by the fishing method, which wasnon‐selective in nature with respect to size of alligatorsharvested (Joanen and McNease 1987)

Patterns of parasitism are described in terms of prevalence of infection, taxon richness, and the magnitude of multiple infections, fecal egg count and, in the case of protozoa, the intensity of infection.

Individuals seen on the ground more frequently tended to have both more ciliate and nematode infections

Researchers may exert subtle effects on wildlife by altering habitat. The creation of trails is common at long-term research sites (Strier 2010). The impact of these activities on animal behavior or disease ecology is unknown. Habitat alteration can affect patterns of parasitic and bacterial infections within primate populations

We determined age based on tooth wear and condition and sex for each individual

Home ranges are used to understand how animals use landscapes, but use of home ranges is not uniform and subsets of populations may exhibit different temporal and spatial patterns of simultaneous use

we identified 67 loci that are potentially under directional selection, but only 3 were potentially associated with protein coding genes. It would be instructive to study each gene separately and rank them according to their level of fixation, paying closer attention to those genes that are nearly fixed, a potential indication of stronger selection levels.

By then, reefs had already been severely disturbed by major rearrangements that happened during World War II, where several hundred ships, landing crafts, and thousands of US Naval personnel had staged out of the Atoll (Lessa 1966).