posthumanist exploration of the deep and growing entanglements between the worlds of people and of things in robotics and artificial intelligence;

To care for something (an animal, a child, a sick relative, or a technological system) is to bear and affirm a moral relation to

he Internet grew by breaking, bumping up against the limits of existing protocols and practices and work-ing around them, leaving behind almost by accident some of the proper-ties that we now enumerate as key and distinctive virtues of the Internet as an infrastructural form.

To repurpose Tolstoy “All working technologies are alike. All broken technologies are broken in their own way.

some are more on the receiving end of globalization than others

In the process it has also, and most visibly, purchased narratives of wildlife preservation, sustainable development, and female entrepreneurship (Riordan, 2015).

Like cloud servers, carbon sequestration projects can have many different configurations and can be located anywhere in the world; the carbon cycle largely operates at a global scale without regard to the specificities of place.

Carbon neutrality, drawing on the logic of double-entry bookkeeping to negate the contents of one column with the contents of another, was therefore a strategy far more appropriate to the cloud’s material demands

Virginia in fact had to compete with several other prospective states to secure Microsoft’s tenure, offering a comprehensive package of incentives including state-subsidized fiber, millions of dollars in grants, an exemption on sales tax, and a 90% cut from its property taxes for 20 years

Since 2012, Microsoft’s operations are made carbon neutral through a company-wide carbon fee to fund renewable energy and offset purchases

f electronics companies were responsible both for what goes into machines and for their eventual take-back and recycling, then they might possibly begin to find it effective to make these devices less toxic at the outset.

Waste reveals the economies of value within digital technology that render valueless, for instance, a computer that is more than three years old. This collapse in value demonstrates assumptions within electronics—based on duration, novelty, and consistent consumption—that might otherwise go unno-ticed, if it were not for the now-looming rubbish pile.

The ambiguity of determining when waste definitively becomes waste points to its role as a dynamic category. Waste oscillates in relation to ordering systems and structures of value.

Recycling methods in these regions are typically toxic for both workers and the environment

outmoded commodities “release” the imaginary and wishful dimensions that made them so compelling when first distributed as novel objects.

Discussing these “things” involves being able to register the complex forces that bring them “into material-semiotic being.”

astes related to electronics give rise to entirely new categories of waste classification and ways of regulating waste

Recycling, moreover, often involves the shipping of electronics for salvage to countries with cheap labor and lax environmental laws.

What do continual cycles of novelty and obsolescence tell us about our material cultures, economies, and imaginaries?

These processes of pollution, remainder, and decay reveal other orders of materiality that have yet to enter the sense of the digital. Here are spaces and processes that exceed the limited trans-fer of information through hardware and software. Yet these spaces and processes are often lost somewhere between the apparent “virtuality” of information, the increasingly miniature scale of electronics, and the remoteness of electronic manufacture and disposal. It

hat the anesthesia she had been given was insufficient. But assembly lines don't stop because the product on them has a complaint. Her doctor whistled, and assured her she was all right, and carried the procedure through to the horrific end. Imani fainted some seconds before that.

language (in the broader social or discursive sense) creates cate-gorical reality rather than the other way around. The methodologicalconsequence is to render suspect both the process of categorization itselfand any research that is based on such categorization, because it inevitablyleads to demarcation, and demarcation to exclusion, and exclusion toinequality

That is, sincesymbolic violence and material inequalities are rooted in relationships thatare defined by race, class, sexuality, and gender, the project of decon-structing the normative assumptions of these categories contributes to thepossibility of positive social change

intracategorical complexitybecause authors working inthis vein tend to focus on particular social groups at neglected points ofintersection—“people whose identity crosses the boundaries of tradition-ally constructed groups” (Dill 2002, 5)—in order to reveal the complexityof lived experience within such groups.

intercategorical complexity, requiresthat scholars provisionally adopt existing analytical categories to documentrelationships of inequality among social groups and changing configura-tions of inequality along multiple and conflicting dimension

anticategorical complexitybecause it is based on amethodology that deconstructs analytical categories

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the tone of exu’s response made sense only in the buzzing, dissonant gap between them.

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In otherwords, there is an incessant definition and redefinition of what, on the onehand, makes a good computation, a good object, and a good process, and onthe other hand, what is defined as irresponsible and potentially a bad objector process. However,asnoted earlier,the material and expressive boundariesof these definitions are not at all clear.Wemay, in this light, therefore sug-gest that such turbulent objects are considered as standard objects of net-work culture.54

ransgressions and anomalies . . . always implythe norm and therefore urge us to take it into account as well

The uncontrollable and uncensorable flood of damaging information is stillgrasped as more dangerous than the impact of firearms

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First, the internet is experienced completely differently by people who are visibly identifiable as a marginalized race or gender. It’s a nastier, more exhausting internet, one that gets even nastier and even more exhausting as intersections stack up.