Notably, applying a translanguaging lens, this study provides newknowledge of actual language practices and student experiences thatpromote language awareness. Through systematic investigation ofthese 60 English lessons over time, the study supports literature argu-ing the relevance of using different languages to develop students intousers of the target language
Main Takeaway: Bilingualism in class helps learning. teaching should be flexible, and not English only.
they often or always found their English teacher easy to understandwhen they spoke English
Teachers mostly used English, but would switch to Norwegian for clarity.
The status of Englishin the world is increasingly characterised by those who use it as a sec-ond or additional language, rather than by its native speakers (Jenkins,2015). English is not only spread globally, but also appropriated locally(Mufwene, 2010). Simultaneously, researchers have raised concernsTESOL QUARTERLY Vol. 54, No. 4, December 2020© 2020 The Authors. TESOL Quarterly published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of TESOL International Association925This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permitsuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercialpurposes.regarding the use of English at the expense of other languages as wellas the lack of inclusion of students’ existing language resources in theclassroom
They are challenging English only teaching as they argue for balance.
During 2015–2019, the LISE research team, includ-ing several research assistants, collected large-scale data over time (videosand surveys) and case study data (interviews, video-stimulated inter-views and screen recording) among teachers and students in lower sec-ondary schools in Norway.
Observed classes in Norway
first languages (L1s1 )
How much L1 is considered too much?
Language Use in the Classroom:Balancing Target Language ExposureWith the Need for Other Languages
Main idea: finding balance between target language and students first language.