n order to dismantle and correct these designs and patterns, they must first be able to notice and name them.
people do not know that there are issues and therefore they cannot help come up with solutions
n order to dismantle and correct these designs and patterns, they must first be able to notice and name them.
people do not know that there are issues and therefore they cannot help come up with solutions
Designing and cohosting these events with student groups across the institution meant spending time listening to their concerns, sharing examples of privacy issues they face, and co-designing how events could serve students well.
i love this, i think listening to the voices of students as to how to improve a class or a curriculum is so important especially because the students are the ones being served
"The beauty of inclusive pedagogy is that, rather than making special accommodations that would decrease equity, it actually benefits all students, not just those at whose needs it was originally aimed."
UDL is not just for people with disabilities, it is helpful for everyone. many people do not know how multiple means of participation can help them because they have never had the opportunity to explore this
Our country today is in dire need of living up to its creed, and we can only do that if we embrace and live out the principles of inclusive design and design justice.2
the whole system of public education is invalid if it is not accessible to all students
When we think about what that means in education—that design shapes students' ability to access, participate in, and contribute to meaningful, transformative learning—we are reminded how seriously we should be taking the concept of design in education
public education is a right in our country and to make it so that some students cannot fully participate is an issue of injustice
Because there is significant variability in students, they differ in the information they need to learn.
we want to make sure we are appropriately challenging each student, each student comes in with different knowledge and experiences so this such a good point
Because of variability, what students need is ever-changing and evolving
as we try out new methods of teaching and learning, we get more knowledge as to how to best accommodate all students' needs
All students can work toward the same firm goals and grade-level standards when provided with adequate challenge and support.
i love this! we can all have the same goals but the way we get there can be on a student-by-student basis
If we want all students to have equal opportunities to learn, we have to be incredibly purposeful, proactive, and flexible.
education is often looked at something that will pull people out of poverty and being low income, but when we make education inaccessible, this is impossible and the cycle repeats
These inflexible solutions expect compliance and favor students who don’t face significant barriers to traditional learning
this is how schools help socially construct disability -- just because a student cannot participate in the classroom in the traditional way does not mean they are disabled, they just need to participate in a way that works for them
Listen to the interview with Katie Novak and Mirko Chardin:
this shows that this author/website is serious about UDL, UDL wants multiple means of participation so by having an audio of this article, it helps people who have trouble reading, especially off of a screen, for any reason
By pulling back the curtain and drawing attention to forms of coded inequity, not only do we become more aware of the social dimensions of technology, but we can work together against the emergence of a digital caste system that relies on our naivety when it comes to the neutrality of technology.
technology is made by people to enhance the social institutions that are already a cornerstone of our society so it makes sense that there are such nuanced social dimensions of technology
In teacher education, critiques of technology are rarely discussed or illuminated when preparing teachers to teach with technology (Heath & Segal, 2021; Krutka et al., 2019). Failing to question educational technology and the practices surrounding its integration perpetuates an assumption that technology is a neutral tool, often harming the most vulnerable in our schools
when there is no precedent as to how to be critical of technology, it is hard for people who are not well-versed in technology to look at it with a critical eye, especially when they are always being told that it is such a wonderful and innovative tool
The analysis suggests that educational technologies are tools of the oppressor, made by the oppressor, with power baked into their designs.
I wonder what kinds of biases are weaved into the technologies we encounter on a daily basis
They argue that educational technology’s roots are deeply influenced by US policy prioritizing technology for purposes of defense and capitalism.
this makes a lot of sense as a reason why the government would not explain the more negative advantages of technology -- capitalism is built on innovation, for better or worse
they can also be used to undermine the foundations of democracy in a variety of ways
i have never thought about technology like this but it makes sense, we saw this with claims about election fraud in the past two elections
Unfortunately, many students are not taught how to use technology in a safe, ethical, and legal manner to support their learning.
something i learned in middle school which has stuck with me throughout my academic career has been the idea of media literacy and how to tell when a source is trusted, this is so important when media is all around us, we want to make sure that the media we are consuming is reliable and unbiased
why do I need to know this?”).
this is so important! learning can become a chore when you are doing it just to complete a worksheet and get a good grade, we want students to understand what they are learning, why it is important, and how it can apply to them outside of the classroom
Some tools are designed to replace teachers, like artificial intelligence teaching and grading tools.
artificial grading tools are so difficult because although they do help lessen the workload of a teacher, they provide automated and impersonal feedback for students
How is the information presented to learners?
this is such an important classroom, especially when thinking about accessibility and disability. we want tools that are going to be able to be used by all students, regardless of whether they can see, hear, or speak english fluently
Consider the last time you used a digital tool or app for teaching...Where did it fall o
as educators, it is so useful to have a rubric like this because it is a familiar format of evaluating tools and performance
For example, a simple substitution can be useful in the classroom as long as there is value in making the switch
i remember when my elementary school switched from chalkboards/white boards to smart boards which i think added value to the class because we were able to see websites and other online tools on the board
It is important to keep your instructional goals and sound pedagogical principles front and center as you evaluate tools.
this is so true, we do not want technology to take away from the actual content of lessons
Students craft messages, express their knowledge and opinions, and communicate complex ideas using a variety of tools (e.g., cameras, audio equipment, design software) and platforms (e.g., blogs, social media sites, YouTube channels).
love this, it allows for students to express their learning in a variety of creative ways to keep assignments accessible and exciting
Then, we internalize these social experiences to reflect upon, develop, or modify our own knowledge.
social learning is really important in early childhood development
playful building of an object, artifact, or idea that can be seen by and shared with others. Papert and Harel (1991) describe constructionism as “learning-by-making”
this is so interesting, it reminds me of the project i did about play-based learning
Rather, they “build personal interpretations of the world based on individual experiences and interactions”
this makes a lot of sense -- in a lot of my classes we talk about how each student comes to the classroom with unique experiences and identities and i like how this theory recognizes and address that
When determining whether to use a behaviorist approach for a lesson or activity, consider whether the information the students need to learn is invariable, since behaviorism stems from the idea that knowledge is objective and there is one right answer
behaviorism does not seem like it would work as well for open-ended assignments like essays or projects which allow for more creativity
ning theories are models, ideas, or frameworks for understanding and examining how people learn.
i wonder how learning theories apply to special education and teaching students with disabilities
Congress is also trying to provide a higher level of protection for what they define as sensitive personal information, but there are disagreements about what is sensitive
making privacy policies is so difficult because they are not standardized, each state has their own regulations
Privacy policies need to be more transparent
privacy policies are too long and the language is not accessible to people who are not educated in legal speak or do not speak english fluently
n the ’90s it was obvious that one of the services that fell into this description of a telecommunication service was telephone services
i did a project about surveillance laws after 9/11 and how the government increased their watch on people, i wonder how this changed internet privacy laws and regulations
The report stated that two of the country’s top six providers were surveilling users’ web browsing data to use in their ad targeting businesses
i wonder what kinds of laws are in place to protect user privacy? is there more legislation that we should pass in order to keep people's information personal or is this just a natural tradeoff of making services free?
nternet and wireless service providers are classic examples of companies that we pay a lot to but who also have robust practices of monetizing user data.
you never realize how many sites and sources that you are submitting your information to, i did not until we started this privacy unit
This notion can raise concerns about how student data is being used or manipulated,
it is so important to protect the information and identities of students because of how young and formative they are, they should not be exposed to potentially devious digital tools which is why we as teachers need to be careful about which tools we use
Teachers often use digital technologies to give students access to various resources and materials to help them succeed and to support their diverse learning needs (McRae, 2015)
what are some examples of ways that AI can make learning more inclusive and diverse?
Intelligences that AI-based assistive technology cannot perform
all of these examples show the benefits of having real, human teachers in classrooms -- they bring the emotion, humanity, and higher level thinking to their students which can not be replicated by AI
The ability of these programs to improve our lives is what makes them a beneficial technology to our everyday experiences, as well as our education systems
i know a lot of people who think that AI is not a valuable tool in education, especially when thinking about plagiarism and cheating on assignments. what are the benefits of using AI in schools?
The algorithms on which many of these technologies operate are typically not disclosed to the users, but often student data and information is used to run them.
i wonder why the algorithms are not disclosed to users, this reminds me of the hidden things written into privacy policies that we have been talking about in class.
misinterpreted, perpetuate stereotypes about certain student profiles
it is so important to analyze data collected through a critical lens, as a teacher you know your student as a person while the computers do not so it is important to look at each child holistically
impossible in practice for people to be fully informed about their Internet use and how their data is collected
understanding privacy policies is not accessible to people unless they have a deep understanding or an in-depth education about legal terminology
may have access to your emails, Google Drive, calendar, contacts, photos, Chrome browsing history, search history, Maps data... and, well, anything else linked to your Google account
this is so crazy, why would a game app need access to all of this information! i did not know that when you sign into a website with google, this is what you are doing
including recording your mouse and keystrokes?
this is so interesting, i never realized how much these websites were actually tracking!
Allows the learner to make changes to the audio (e.g., turning off background music or increasing the volume) or visual presentation (e.g., adjust text size, margins, background, text colors).
this makes me think about students i worked with who had ASD and would get overstimulated easily watching videos or using technology, we had to turn off the volume and make the ipds black and white sometimes in order to help these students feel less overwhelmed
Technical and academic jargon should be limited.
this is something that i see in a lot of my work here at umass, some of the articles we are assigned to read are overly academic and very difficult to understand, even as someone without any disabilities whose first language is english
However, it is important to note, even when there is an accessibility statement or VPAT, these are often self-reported by the company and can be limited by the knowledge of accessibility of the person(s) creating it.
who creates these accessibility standards? how do we know if they are credible or not?
'There’s an ingrained societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another.
putting the needs of disabled or disadvantages students at the top of a priority list does not mean that other students are not getting the attention they need, in fact making things accessible can positively impact students of all abilities
The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.
this is something i learned a lot about in my intro to special ed class, UDL is not something i knew about before but it is essential to creating an inclusive classroom and some of the changes that need to be made for accessibility are so simple but have such a huge impact on students' learning
When a person with a disability is afforded the opportunity to acquire the same information, engage in the same interactions, and enjoy the same services as a person without a disability in an equally integrated and equally effective manner, with substantially equivalent ease of use.
accessibility does not only have to do with ability and disability, it can also have to do with age-appropriate learning, financial accessibility, and so on
Make sure students can choose diverse icons, flags, gender marks, and characters without additional payment (paid membership or fees).
this is so important, we want to make sure that all our students feel comfortable and represented in the tools we are using in our classrooms
Students often use mobile devices to complete school work. If you will be assigning a digital tool to be used at home or if you allow students to use their phones during class time, make sure the tool is compatible with mobile devices.
some students may only have a moblie device or only a laptop, it is important that as teachers we keep that in mind when utilizing digital tools, this is another part of accessibility
For example, Canva, a graphic design tool, features only the design functions toolbar (which can be hidden) and the project workspace. This simple, but effective, user interface makes it easy for the user to focus their attention on the design project.
canva is such an amazing digital tool that i use a lot for my classes. i think it is designed so well and allows for a lot of good creativity
How much class time would be spent on students learning to use the tool?
to me, this question is the most important. instructional time is already so limited to taking time from that to learn how to use a new tool may not be worth it
When students feel a tool is easy to learn to use and navigate, they are more likely to engage with it, enjoy the learning experience, and focus their learning on developing knowledge and skills.
the point of using digital tools in the classroom is to enhance learning about the curriculum, when we add in tools that take a long time to learn in themselves, they are counterproductive
The tool had too many features that overwhelmed students rather than supporting their learning
this is such a valid critique, even as a college student new technology can be very intimidating and overwhelming. when looking for tools to use for young children it is important to make sure that they are accessible and age-appropriate
reach out to your learners to better understand how they experience your online course.
it is so important to ask for as implement feedback in anything you do, if you want a website/digital tool to be a positive thing for users, you need to make their experience and opinions a priority
A visually cluttered course page not only distracts the learner from your instructional content, but may also introduce accessibility issues to the experience.
for people with learning and intellectual disabilities such as ADHD, dyslexia, downs syndrome, etc. this is a huge factor in user experience
The weekly module structure in this course is standardized
this looks a lot like how our canvas page is organized, it is very straightforward and makes it easy to find the assignments we need to complete
Efficiency is really about providing time
i feel like efficiency and usability seem to go hand in hand, if something is easy to use then it is most likely efficient
When usability is infused into the experience, cognitive efforts are focused on learning the instructional content, not the course system or structure
so important, digital tools should enhance learning, not the other way around
In this hurried transition, essential design considerations might be overlooked – whether intentional or not
i definitely saw this when my high school first switched to online learning in 2020, i remember a lot of websites and online assignments has so many unexpected kinks and barriers which made doing work very difficult
The rubric is freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Give
it is great that they provided a live link so teachers can save this to their computers and access it more easily
Metacognitive activities are those that prompt understanding, regulation, and reflection of students' own cognitive activities across the learning process
metacognition is so important in classrooms, especially for students to develop a sense of self-motivation
Ideally, no user of an e-learning tool will be required to disclose personal information when accessing a tool
creating so many accounts on different platforms can be annoying for students so it is always nice when you do not have to keep track of log-ins for so many different websites
n addition to tuition costs, students regularly face significant (and unregulated) expenses for course resources.10 The burden increases if students are required to buy e-learning tools. Instructors play an integral role in balancing tool use and costs incurred; at best, tool use is open access, covered by tuition, or otherwise subsidized by the institution
this is an amazing point, as college students we are already paying tuition and it is so disappointing to then have to also pay for online tools that simply allow us to access our homework, while for some students paying for textbooks and online learning tools is mindless, for others it can be a real burden
We therefore encourage an explicit alignment between the instructor's intended outcomes and the tool, based on principles of constructive alignment
this is great, i think that e-learning tools should be used to augment the curriculum, not the other way around
a framework that could be used by non-tech experts and applied in a variety of learning contexts to help draw their attention to the cogent aspects of evaluating any e-learning tool
this is great, as educators we love to give our students examples of what is expected of "acceptable" or "good" work which is often done through using a rubric so i think that this is a very relevant way to show educators what they should be looking for
First, instructors are typically experts in their course's subject matter, yet they are not necessarily fluent in the best criteria for evaluating e-learning tools
I definitely see this as true, especially since many of my teachers went to school before some of the major online learning tools were widespread, they often had a hard time utilizing these tools in the classroom. now that we are going though school studying education when technology is a necessary tool, hopefully the next generation of teachers will better know how to use technology
Level A is the minimal level. In the U.S., companies generally design and develop towards Level AA compliance. A level AA compliance will cover most legal regulations
it makes me sad to see that many companies do not actually care about making their materials accessible to everyone, they are making them accessible just to satisfy a guideline.
The two main regulations in the U.S. are the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) passed in 1990.
i wonder what the differences are between the rehabilitation act/ADA and the convention are. which is more comprehensive?
And it places the onus on persons with disability.
in some ways, disability is socially constructed. because our society was built for able-bodied people, it is inherently inaccessible but if things in our society were built for people with disabilities we would not necessarily need to be having any discussions about accessibility
A 45-year-old female who immigrated to the U.S. for less than two years—English is her second language
i never thought of having english as your second language as a disability, this is so interesting
then one of the best methods is to have a persona with a disability
it is so important to include people with disabilities in the conversation about disability and accessibility, if we want to make things accessible for people with disabilities, we need to let them give ideas and suggestions about what would work best
n fact, persons with disabilities are the largest minority in the world
i never knew this! people do not talk a lot about disability and it can be considered rude to address someone's disability, even in a gentle way but being that disability, in one way or another, is so widespread, we need to stop making it a "taboo" topic
Social media needs people to curate and refer content, to find ideas and allow them to bubble to the surface
social media is a great way to develop a PLN because the more you engage with your feed, the more personalized it is. this means that you will find more content that is relevant to you as an educator
poor choices when it comes to time spent on our personal learning.
as teachers, we should always be learning and growing our practices in the classroom, it is important to take out time for self-evaluation which will end up benefitting everyone
he reality is that Personal Learning Networks become more beneficial and of greater value as they scale, new memberships and contributions avoid the dangers of a small pool of contributors becoming an ‘echo chamber’ where dominant ideas go unchallenged.
this is such an important point! i am learning about social justice education in my other classes and i think it is really important to add a diverse set of viewpoints to your classroom when building your curriculum in order to make sure that everyone including target groups feel seen and heard.
Your personal learning network offers you access to the wisdom of a global collective of teachers with insights to what works and does not work inside the classroom
i think that this could be super valuable for connecting teachers with other teachers internationally so that they can share diverse methods of education and classroom management
global community of connected educators.
many teachers are quitting the profession because they feel like they are not receiving support from their colleagues and administrators so i think that PLNs help teachers feel a sense of community and work through problems they face in their classrooms
Adding hashtags to your posts (e.g., #K12) helps group them with similar posts on a topic and allows you to reach a broader audience (e.g., anyone exploring that hashtag rather than just your followers).
such an interesting idea, I never thought of this
Twitter is a popular social media space among educators. You can connect and engage in conversations with others located across spatial and temporal boundaries (e.g., around the world!).
I think it is so interesting that in this article, Twitter is advertised as a learning and connection tool for educators because in my life, I have only seen it used as a social media site. I think again that when using Twitter for education, we need to make sure that what we are consuming is factual and credible
Diversity
Love this! It is important to immerse yourself in sources from different countries, religions, and view points in order to make up your own, well-rounded opinion
people across the country and around the world
This is a great idea. It is so valuable for students when they get to learn using methods that are different from their culture's
A professional learning network (PLN) is your own curated system of people, spaces, and tools that support your ongoing learning and professional growth
PLNs sound like a great way for teachers to collaborate and share resources. I wonder how people go about creating PLNs.
it’s often easier to explore databases, curated lists, and tool review sites than to conduct a broad Internet search
Where would someone find these databases? Who makes them and how would a teacher know that the materials they are finding are appropriate for their classes?
revision dates
Making sure that a website is up to date is so important. There are new findings every day and in order to get the most accurate information, you need to make sure that your source is recent
Google, Yahoo!, Bing, or DuckDuckGo
Using these search engines can always be iffy because it is hard to identify which sources are reliable and which are not. I have learned a lot about media literacy both in high school and here at UMass so I have an understanding how how important it is to make sure your information is from a credible source.
On social media, efforts at learning are not guaranteed to succeed and can even lead to miseducation when sources are of low quality, are inaccurate, or advance oppressive systems
I wonder how PLNs go about filtering misinformation or bias. We know that the media is full of this so it is important to be critical of the sources that you are consuming from.
Educators can choose which people, spaces, and tools support their own unique needs, interests, an
For neurodiverse educators, this could be amazing. They could pick and choose which kinds of information are compatible with their abilities and access it in the best way for them.
"informal," "self-directed," and even "serendipitous"
I think this is a great form of learning. It allows professionals to learn and absorb information at their own pace which makes implementing their knew knowledge much more effective.
In the digital age, educators often turn to multiple spaces
Using social media and other platforms to connect with other education professionals would make sharing content, skills, and strategies internationally much easier. I think it would be very interesting for educators to integrate international practices within their classrooms.