Even blacks saw their loyalty to the party of Lincoln fade in favor of the party that addressed their economic concerns.
The previous cleavage came from a market crash as well, so what about this party system cleavage caused economics to dominate the political landscape and party identity more than other times.
political subcultures
Daniel Elizar asserted that the American political subcultures are traditionalistic, individualistic, and moralistic. Traditionalists support a government that maintains the status quo, individualists see government as a method to further their personal causes, and moralists believe government exists to further the greather good. Source: https://theamericanpartnership.com/tag/elazars-political-culture/
In this context we see that women in the 19th century split to a moralistic subculture.