Similar to our results, in rural China, Mexico, and Tanzania [59] and Burkina Faso [22], women do not tend to decrease their physical labour during pregnancy, though physically intensive work is associated with negative outcomes such as maternal hypertension, miscarriage and pre-term birth [60]
Another example of women of other cultures experiencing food insecurity as a result of climate change.
"'A pregnancy during the hunger season is like a sickness...If you haven't eaten , you don't have the energy to birth a baby ,'" [22], a sentiment echoed by Kenyan women [55]
Women have to time pregnancy for the right time, while they're financially stable, but not during the season they work because they have a higher risk of physical sickness, especially with the unpredictable weather changes.
" Economic stressors were described as adding to the climate-related exposures, with women highlighting that "The world is becoming harder to live in because you go and work for a full day and they pay 5000 [shillings] , and yet 5000 can only buy you a kilo of posho [staple cornmeal] , which cannot feed your family ."
Even with all their hard work, only so much is given in return. Women are working even harder in harsh weather conditions while physically strained due to pregnancy, however, they aren't getting paid more for it. They'll be paid just enough for them to live, but not enough to support a family.
It's harder now for us to get food when we are pregnant , compared to the past , because the seasons are changing ." They further explained "Now we are experiencing a lot of sunshine and drought , so that's why our crops can't grow ," and "When there is a lot of drought , our crops dry and we don't have enough food...we are experiencing a lot of drought compared to the past ." The unpredictability of weather was also a significant issue for ensuring a sufficient food supply: "You find now when it should be rainy season you are experiencing a lot of sunshine , and during the dry season you find you experience rain ."
The weather began to be unpredictable as a result of climate change, but now it's predictable in the sense that the rainy seasons are becoming dry and filling with drought.
Traditional foods ranging from wild fruits to hunted game have been negatively impacted by climate change for diverse populations, from Inuit [30] and First Nations [31] communities in Canada to the Shawi and Shipibo in Peru [29].
Other nations and communities outside of Africa and not indigenous.
Food insecurity and undernutrition during pregnancy is associated with maternal micronutrient deficiencies [13,19], depression and anxiety [20-22], gestational diabetes and hypertension [23], and mortality [13]. For many women in low-resource areas, achieving proper nutrition during pregnancy is difficult due to insufficient food availability and access, especially during the hunger seasons when food is scarcest (typically the dry season) [18,24-27], and this struggle is likely to be intensified by climate change-associated declines in food security [1-4]
During the typical "dry season", when most food insecurity is noticed by pregnant women, women experience more malnutrition, especially in low-resource areas, resulting in micronutrition deficiencies, depleting mental health, and even death.
Food security was thought to be decreasing due to weather changes including extended droughts and unpredictable seasons harming agriculture. Women linked food insecurity with declines in maternal-infant health over time, despite improved antenatal healthcare.
Climate change = weather changes, droughts, and unpredictable seasons, which lead to harm to agriculture and food production, leaving many indigenous communities without food, especially and pregnant community members.
we conducted eight focus group discussions-four in Indigenous Batwa communities and four in non-Indigenous communities-in Kanungu District, Uganda, on the subject of climate and food security during pregnancy. Thirty-six women with [greater than or equal to]1 pregnancy participated.
Experiment/field work