- Dec 2022
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www.hjenglish.com www.hjenglish.com
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70-75分钟
一篇 17.5m
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- Nov 2022
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The centroid ( x ¯ , y ¯ ) {\displaystyle ({\bar {x}},\;{\bar {y}})}
y的 公式 利用中心
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www.zhihu.com www.zhihu.com
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连续
a.e 指almost everywhere
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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he projection onto the x-axis
?
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zhuanlan.zhihu.com zhuanlan.zhihu.com
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题号:
约60t
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题号:
49t
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- Oct 2022
-
zhuanlan.zhihu.com zhuanlan.zhihu.com
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题号
约15*8=120t
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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equation case,
求一次导 乘上一个 m 以此类推 故 m-> D 武忠祥讲义
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difference equation
此处 f_N -> x^N
y^N -> y的N阶导数
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www.statlect.com www.statlect.com
- Aug 2022
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math.libretexts.org math.libretexts.org
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not unique up to multiples as it was before
?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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characteristic function of a standard normal distribution
...
就是 两者 均值和方差相等
所以推出了 特征多项式前三项相等
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by Taylor's theorem,
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www.randomservices.org www.randomservices.org
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is
vT^2/2n
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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sign
why M^-1
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determinant is the product of eigenvalues
prove by decomposition spectral theorem
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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leading (highest degree) coefficient
第一个等号左侧 展开 $$\lambda^n$$ 系数可知
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yilinmo.github.io yilinmo.github.io
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mirror reflection of segment 1 around the real axis.
利用 共轭性质 也可以推出
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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since x∉{y:F(y)<ω}x∉{y:F(y)<ω}x\notin \{y:F(y)<\omega\}.
or inverse function and self montonicity is same
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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the same units as X.
?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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, x j − x i {\displaystyle x_{j}-x_{i}} is a divisor
即 两者相等时 行列式为0
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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set A=B22πA=B22πA = \frac{B^2}{2\pi}
total integral one
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www-groups.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk www-groups.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk
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converges to β (say)
why this must exist? https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/600795/can-a-sequence-be-called-convergent-divergent-if-it-has-finite-number-of-terms
here if \(\bata\) can't be approached(like open interval), then it can't achieve its extreme
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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geometric definition
projection
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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λ
here should be t
-
)2[∂λy]=
why
-
new solutions for the repeated root case come from generalized eigenvectors.
?
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∂λ(D−λ)2[y]=∂λ(0)=0∂λ(D−λ)2[y]=∂λ(0)=0\partial_\lambda (D-\lambda)^2[y]=\partial_\lambda(0)=0 a
?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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to the addition of a constant,
what meaning
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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magnitude
见下面定义 即 每个点处的最大值(只能是投影到 circulation )
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deficiency
高维也可以 只不过不是标准正交基罢了,没有几何意义
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R3
because the whole space in just \(R^n\)(n=3)
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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tangent space
both are best linear approximation of corresponding manifold ,
so \(d\varphi\) best approximate \(\varphi\)
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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0-form
how 2->3 line why third line g disappear
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dα ∧ β + (−1)p (α ∧ dβ)
here d can be visualized by boundary
-
applied the properties of the exterior derivative.
why
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-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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proves the formula
?
用条件证明条件
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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and ⋆ β = β 1 ⋆ ∧ ⋯ ∧ β n − k ⋆ {\displaystyle \star \beta =\beta _{1}^{\star }\wedge \cdots \wedge \beta _{n-k}^{\star }}
linear
-
the standard sesquilinear form
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
equal to a binomial coefficient:
即 基向量的个数
-
that x ∧ x = 0 {\textstyle x\wedge x=0} fo
similar to mod
-
exterior product,
此处定义 感觉是分了类 最好有数分基础
-
by the ideal I generated by elements of the form x ⊗ x.
可以通过几何意义 排除
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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{(1,0,0,0)+U,(0,0,1,0)+U}{(1,0,0,0)+U,(0,0,1,0)+U}\{ (1,0,0,0)+U, (0,0,1,0)+U \} is a basis for R4/UR4/U\mathbb{R}^4/U.
why
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-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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satisfy
bilinear
-
functions V × W → F {\displaystyle V\times W\to F}
think as row vector
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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whence x0≥a+ϵx0≥a+ϵx_0\geq a+\epsilon.
a
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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misled
if taken repitation in account , then "equal"
https://math.berkeley.edu/~hutching/teach/54-2017/svd-notes.pdf
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www.quora.com www.quora.com
-
a rank RRR matrix to a rank K
?
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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eigenvectorsSolve for eigenvectors\color{blue}{\text{Solve for eigenvectors}}
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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only 111 or −1−1-1
all negative
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
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all different diagonal elements
if r < min(m,n)?
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-
www.quora.com www.quora.com
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λ1
here should be \(\lambda_{2}\)
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
-
infinitesimal transformations
-
a⋅∇][a⋅∇
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-second-directional-derivative
http://mathonline.wikidot.com/higher-order-directional-derivatives
notice dot product not matrix multiplication
by searching "directional derivative calculate twice"
和第二个回答基本一个意思 此处\(a\) 就是 (a,b) $$\nabla$$ 就是下面的微分算子
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FFF can be expanded into
similar with one
-
intuitively know as,
just prove by partial derivative meaning
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reproduces
how to calculate high order gradient ?
-
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
and
可以 把 \(R\) 看做多个列向量计算
此处 可以把列向量看成数字 计算~~(不过计算时不能忘记 他其实是列向量)~~
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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similar
if \(P^{-1}\) on the right , then output A
on left , then something like A, so similar
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- Jul 2022
-
gregorygundersen.com gregorygundersen.com
-
singular vector f
?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
the second and fourth terms are the same
好像是多余的?
-
-
brilliant.org brilliant.org
-
relative positions of the two variables,
important
-
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community.adobe.com community.adobe.com
-
Make Hand Tool select Images and Text".
must disable other option about "hand tool"
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
-
www.khanacademy.org www.khanacademy.org
-
if the have same sign it mean it must be maxima of minima..
? who tell you the conclusion
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-
www.khanacademy.org www.khanacademy.org
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alone cannot determine whether ffff has a maximum, minimum or inflection point at aaaa.
此时无法利用保号性
除非利用4阶导等
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www.quora.com www.quora.com
-
If the partial derivatives are continuous, we know that evaluating them at nearby points yields almost the same result.
important
-
-
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self-propagating system
meaning?
-
didn’t realize that a piece of glass is a material with an index, and that his calculation had applied to my question.
?
-
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betterexplained.com betterexplained.com
-
To the real numbers, it appeared that “0 * 0 = -1″, a giant paradox.
:)
-
in another dimension,
?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
he first nonzero derivative has an odd order implies that the sign of f'(x)
?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
Cauchy's mean value theorem
use second condition
also request that differentiable on I
-
ξ {\displaystyle \xi } ranges over all values between x and c.
so it must be differentiable on range I
-
since the existence of the limit of f/g has not yet been established.
why the above f(x)/g(x) can be directly written
-
[e]
或者 直接几何上理解
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
converges if and only if the sequence
by euler it must converge ?
-
completes the proof
?
-
all j {\displaystyle j} , | α + 1 j − 1 | ≥ 1 − Re α + 1 j ≥ 1 {\textstyle \left|{\frac {\alpha +1}{j}}-1\right|\geq 1-{\frac {\operatorname {Re} \alpha +1}{j}}\geq 1}
why last >=1
-
-
math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
-
(Mi
here is bound , not exactly least upper bound
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nonagon.org nonagon.org
-
s2(n)
power series
-
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www.maa.org www.maa.org
-
we would not have to compute formulas for all the sums of lower degree powers
?
-
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
when f is differentiable)
here is why must need condition that function is differentiable
-
- Jun 2022
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
Riemann integral instead of Lebesgue integral,
?
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are too strong
?
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Proof for Taylor's theorem in one real variable
和 同济教材 一样 证明 余项极限为0
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Therefore, since it holds for k = 1, it must hold for every positive integer k.
leads cauchy form
-
leads to the same result than using the mean value theorem.
?
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pplies for the Riemann integral assuming that f(k) is continuous
?
-
to absolute continuity of
? why use this
-
-
www.proofwiki.org www.proofwiki.org
-
f(n+1)(ξ)
why ?
-
G(x)
just x
-
holds with this particular weakening of the assumptions on fff.
?
-
-
brilliant.org brilliant.org
-
integrating some but not all of the x1,…,xnx_1,\ldots, x_nx1,…,xn variables
how to do?
-
Relaxing the Condition
?
-
-
-
Advanced
maybe more settings
-
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math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
-
www.proofwiki.org www.proofwiki.org
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If FFF is any primitive of fff on [a..b][a..b]\closedint a b,
duplicate with 1?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
Mean Value Theorem
think \(b-a\) in lagrange is \(\beta (t)-\alpha (t)\)
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
Mean value theorems and functional equations
also prove based on rolle
-
Kirshna's Real Analysis: (General).
prove based on rolle
-
-
-
, L'Hôpital's rule which is proved by using Cauchy's MVT.
?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
continuous
needed by the extreme value theorem
-
then the right- and left-hand derivatives exist at every inner point
?
-
It is also the basis for the proof of Taylor's theorem.
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
for every natural number n {\displaystyle n} , there exists an x n ∈ [ a , b ] {\displaystyle x_{n}\in [a,b]} such that f ( x n ) > n {\displaystyle f(x_{n})>n} .
similar to http://www-groups.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~john/analysis/Lectures/L21.html
基于 sequence 性质
-
This defines a sequence {dn}.
主要 利用 Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem
-
Therefore, 1/(M − f(x)) is continuous on [a, b].
主要 利用 continuous 性质 推导出矛盾
-
first principles
?
主要利用supremacy
-
supremacy of M {\displaystyle M} and completes the proof.
? ~~应该是 f(s)~~
~~这句话表明 存在一个 supremum > f(s) 无限递归下去,f(s)=M~~
supremacy indicate \(\forall \epsilon>0,\exist x,f(x)\le M - \epsilon\) so contradicts
-
increases from f ( a ) {\displaystyle f(a)} to M {\displaystyle M} as x {\displaystyle x} increases from a {\displaystyle a} to b {\displaystyle b} .
关键点
-
from the supremacy of s {\displaystyle s}
relation with the following sentences ?
-
Suppose the contrary
always use this underlied thoughts
-
Proof using the hyperreals
说白了 就是 强行用 无穷小 证明
-
for all real x
based on infinitesimal
-
overlaps
cover
-
then all points between a {\displaystyle a} and e {\displaystyle e} also belong to B {\displaystyle B} .
通过 连续 的有限性性质
不断迭代 证明 有界
-
bounded on [ a , p ] {\displaystyle [a,p]} .
domain
-
supremum
?
-
we know that f ( x n k ) {\displaystyle f(x_{{n}_{k}})} converges
heine theorem
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
standard part function,
把无限小扔掉 可以理解为线性主部
-
This put to rest the fear that any proof involving infinitesimals might be unsound,
?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
exists a number x ∈ A {\displaystyle x\in A} , such that x > s {\displaystyle x>s}
?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
properties of the supremum
po also use continuity
-
there exists some
?
-
- May 2022
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
projection
projection indicate orthonormalizing
-
-
www.quora.com www.quora.com
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
rank-one linear maps
?
-
-
-
divide by zero to invert it.
?
-
-
docs.python.org docs.python.org
-
...
can just be extention or P
-
-
brilliant.org brilliant.org
-
Fubini's theorem):
?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
choosing
relevant with t
-
by parts
calculate integral of (x-t)^k
-
define
this has remainder error, so?
-
-
www-groups.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk www-groups.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk
-
converge to f (α)
if not closed interval , the f(\(\alpha\)) value can be infinite
if closed interval , f(\(\alpha\)) must not equals infinite based on this
-
f attains its bounds
this need the closed interval condition
-
-
planetmath.org planetmath.org
-
Every sequence has a monotonic subsequence.
this doesn't require boundness
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
can be chosen smaller so that g is nonzero on I {\displaystyle {\mathcal {I}}} .[d]
important
-
It is also the case that
use fourth condition
-
on this interval and g is continuous,
since calculate the f'/g' function
so must comply with this
third condition
-
become zero,
use the first hypothesis
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
apply Fermat's stationary point theorem directly.)
similar to above proof
一般化了 不需要endpoint 都等于0 直接得出 闭区间 必有derivative equals zero的点
-
-
www.baeldung.com www.baeldung.com
-
ekamperi.github.io ekamperi.github.io
-
This is a canonical isomorphism between VVV and V∗∗V∗∗V^{**}.
?
-
- Apr 2022
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
parallel to P1P2
?
-
,
?
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
Hyperbolic cosine
?
-
-
-
solve for the base bbb
b is inverse function of ln...
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
The map from t to (x, y) is differentiable, in fact of class C∞, with derivative 0 at the cusps.
-
-
homes.cs.washington.edu homes.cs.washington.edu
-
perhaps to you when you return to it
真实 的确是的
当时写 过几天就忘了....
-
- Feb 2022
-
docs.scrapy.org docs.scrapy.org
-
we reload the page now
tmp file
chrome tool not render like below
-
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docs.scrapy.org docs.scrapy.org
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet ... <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/" xmlns:blogger="http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" xmlns:feedburner="http://rssnamespace.org/feedburner/ext/1.0"> ...
where
-
-
www.geeksforgeeks.org www.geeksforgeeks.org
-
loop
while loop
-
-
en.wikiversity.org en.wikiversity.org
-
S, A, C, F, and E are as follows:
S 写错了 see referenced paper in https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/51035-da-dragonfly-algorithm
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
However, this condition is not essential for the method to work.
po 不推荐 上面恒定为1 的情况
-
With T = 0 {\displaystyle T=0}
即 趋近于 的极端
-
when e n e w {\displaystyle e_{\mathrm {new} }} is greater than e {\displaystyle e} .
即 允许 往上走
而不是一直往下走,最后达到局部最优
-
-
github.com github.com
-
carrot
?
-
forward projection
?
-
-
navigation.ros.org navigation.ros.org
-
costmap_2d
?
-
-
en.cppreference.com en.cppreference.com
-
observe();
out of gw scope
so gw is expired
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
change in D will be: Δ D = f ( x 0 + 2 , y 0 + 3 2 ) − f ( x 0 + 1 , y 0 + 1 2 ) = A + B = Δ y − Δ x {\displaystyle {\begin{array}{lclcl}\Delta D&=&f(x_{0}+2,y_{0}+{\tfrac {3}{2}})-f(x_{0}+1,y_{0}+{\tfrac {1}{2}})&=&A+B&=&\Delta y-\Delta x\end{array}}}
Pseudo-code algorithm
-
= D - 2*dx
这里应该是 +2*dy
根据上面的推导
-
-
www.robots.ox.ac.uk www.robots.ox.ac.uk
-
he complexity of the state space t
待看
-
etermine the number k of bins
由 14 知 必须要知道 k
-
hich yields
都是由 自己假设的值 决定
-
̂p = n−1X.
-
the triangle property.
?
-
2a
这个是 基于地图的
所以 可以在 门那里作高的 weight
如果是 没有地图的 就不行
此时就要 slam
-
index j
只在 相对大的 weight 作sampling
-
apart from uni-modal posteriors).
?
-
-
math.stackexchange.com math.stackexchange.com
-
for every xxx,
右侧 导数为1
-
the gradient of LLL and the gradient of CCC are colinear,
po 即 同时取最大值
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
ultinomial distribution i
n! 表示 总的排列情况
x1! 表示其中x1交换后重复的排列
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
where ⟨ e i , a i ⟩ = ‖ u i ‖ {\displaystyle \left\langle \mathbf {e} _{i},\mathbf {a} _{i}\right\rangle =\left\|\mathbf {u} _{i}\right\|}
由上面投影的过程 可以推出
-
computed orthonormal basis
通过几何方法
就是 迭代投影的过程
-
-
stephens999.github.io stephens999.github.io
-
eigendecomposition
其实就是 Diagonalization of Matrices ```python from sympy import * Y = MatrixSymbol('Y', 3, 3)
https://stephens999.github.io/fiveMinuteStats/markov_chains_discrete_stationary_dist.html
Matrix(X)diag(x1,x2,x3)nMatrix(Y) ```
-
# left eigenvectors are the inverse of the right eigenvectors
-
-
stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
-
The solution (in case you live in Egypt):
valid
-
-
linux.die.net linux.die.net
-
needed
此处省略 needed flush(可以通过in order to 推断 )
-
-
www.foo.be www.foo.be
-
then
这个不需要 前面的 if吧
-
determinant of amatrix equals the determinant of its transpose
由 determnant 的计算公式
可以显然得出
-
= A†·A
和上面一样
主要是因为 transpose 的原因 ,所以可以交换顺序
-
-
www.stat.berkeley.edu www.stat.berkeley.edu
-
×.5 ×.9 ×.5 ×.9 ×.5
第一个是第一次 state 为A的概率
第二,4,6都是是观测概率
35 都是转移概率
-
-
brilliant.org brilliant.org
-
so
此处由于 可能会多次 visit 一个node
所以不用 P(visited)
用 E(num) 其实是一个意思
-
- Jan 2022
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
which is
这里 E1 应该就是 E 的意思 tower property
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
be zero:
-
-
www.kalmanfilter.net www.kalmanfilter.net
-
(1−Kn)pn,n−1
为何不加\( r_{n}\)
-
-
www.kalmanfilter.net www.kalmanfilter.net
-
zn−x^n,n−1
因为一般不好观测到 速度
-
-
stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
-
find . -name .git -execdir bash -c 'echo -en "\033[1;31m"repo: "\033[1;34m"; basename "`git rev-parse --show-toplevel`"; git status -s' \;
可以使用下面的代码 显示路径
find . -name .git -execdir bash -c 'echo -en "\033[1;31m"repo: ""; echo -en "\033[1;35m $(pwd)" ; echo -en "\n\033[1;37m$(basename " $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)")\n"; git status -s ' \;
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
the window size ≥ MSS
这个 一般都成立
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
has no other poles, and so no other residues.
?
-
thus it is analytic at zP
分母上 没有 \(z-z_{p}\)
-