Very well developed topic, but needs clear thesis statement/purpose for writing.

Good introduction to topic! Will make for a good intro paragraph

Needs more sources, but very well developed outline

Good idea to add a rebuttal paragraph to address the other side!

Good use of sources to connect all three sources together.

Another main idea

Connecting her sources under a main idea.

Groups sources into 2

Establishes her goal for her essay

Topic sentence

They need more resources to speak their minds! They are worth listening to!

I am very surprised this act was established only 10 years ago. Either way, I am glad these people have the law to protect them and their land!

I agree the land should be protected, but these people have lived there for years and it is their right to stay.

Maybe they have ideas of sustainable resources? They are very knowledge indigenous groups.

They should never be forced to change their lifestyle for other's economic gain.

Success!

People are finally starting to see these people and the land is worth protecting! The indigenous people know how to take care of it better than outsiders!

Very big steps towards environmental equality! Does the US have such laws acts?

I am glad these people are getting the justice they deserve!

These people are the sole reason their land has not been corrupted by bog companies who plan to create more waste and pollution. Their reserves are helping the Earth.

An example of prejudice against indigenous environmentalists.

This relates to the concept of "slow violence". Slow violence injustices, like this ones, are not publicized because they are not big enough to be "newsworthy".

Similar to Manifest destiny in America. The large and powerful companies have the power to force them out unwillingly

This relates to the theme of prejudice environmental injustices. These people have their own land and property, just like us, yet their land is constantly put in danger because they are indigenous people.

These people are experts on about their land and their knowledge should be valued.

If they officially hold 18% of land now, I wonder how much they held before land was taken away from them and their people.

What are other examples of these people? Are there any of these people left in the US?

the author links "kaitiakitanga" to help the reader better understand the beliefs of the Maori people.

I hope the world uses Nauru to realize the future of the world if we continue to treat nature so poorly.

highlight "the Pacific Solution"

Australia continues to take advantage of Nauru, and it is a tragedy. They left them with nothing and now are using them as a literal wasteland.

They have turned an environmental dumping ground into a human dumping ground as they not only have ruined the wellbeing of its citizens, but have now turned the island into a dentation center for criminals.

highlight "a certainty...come back to haunt us"

Nauru is an example of how our mistakes will in turn come back to haunt us. They were wronged, and have continued to be wronged, therefore the world will receive the consequences.

The middle paragraph is a nice anecdote to truly illustrate most of society's mentality when it comes to our effect on the Earth. It shows the irony of humanity knowing the probable outcome, but doing the wrong thing anyways.

Consequences of the arrogance of our actions include global warming, hurricanes, wildfires, etc.

Even today, when there is scientific proof of global warming and how it dwindles Earth's lifetime, we continue to pollute it and are surprised when nature reacts.

highlight "and we tell ourselves...no adverse effects"

We cannot continue to act like our resources are plentiful and infinite. We also cannot be naive as to think the future of humanity will be able to solve the problems we create!

Nevertheless, we must respect nature to prevent disasters like Nauru from reoccurring because they show we do have an effect on the entire world, even of we cannot see it at first.

highlight "our entire culture...about tomorrow"

page 165^

Nauru will forever be an example of a sacrifice zone and the consequences if slow violence. People should look at Nauru and do everything to prevent this from happening elsewhere.

The quote from Nauru's former president is very powerful in expressing the feeling of helplessness the country was experiencing.

Nauru was exploited for its phosphate by destroying the landscape, harming the workers, and making the land almost uninhabitable over time. Very few realized the long-term consequences of Nauru to stand up for the country.

Nauru is an example of 'slow violence' from last week's reading Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor by Rob Nixon. Nixon explains that the people who experience 'slow violence' are considered 'disposable people' (like Klein says Nauru was 'acceptable to sacrifice') by slowly polluting the area and ruining the lives of its citizens.

highlight "a feeling of global dread...and unpredictable"

The author includes this information about Albrecht and "solastalgia" to explain the realities of sacrifice zones. These people have no control over the fact that their beautiful homes have been turned into industrial wastelands.

Highlight "the particular form...rendering them alienating and unfamiliar"

highlight "Glenn Albrecht" & "solastalgia"

highlight "It now turns out....rising water it brings."

page 164^

The wealthiest and healthiest country at one point in time was demoted to the 'fattest place on earth' because they do not have the ability to grow fresh food to sustain themselves and, instead, must eat processed food.

This ending paragraph explains how Nauru became intertwined with the Russian mob as a grab for money. The money-laundering was a scheme to get money for the desperate country.

It is a tragedy for this country to be destroyed for another's country's gain.

Nauru proves the author's point of finite resources and the effects of treating them as infinite.

highlight "A bitterly ironic....

^Similar to the French Revolution and the anarchy that ensued when they became free.

Because Nauru was under Australian power for so long, I can infer that they had no individual government in place. Therefore when they broke free, the chaos began without any organization to control the crime or health of the population.

The country was used for their product, taken advantage of, and given no resources to help them survive.

highlight "Nauru continued to disappear...mining continued unabated"

Even though Nauru tried to restore their country, it was already too far gone. Australia, who destroyed the country, offered no help to their struggles either.

Page 163^

Industrialists think they have the right to determine who/where/what is 'acceptable to sacrifice'. This is sadly an idea that is still present today with environmental injustice and prejudice.

hightlight "acceptable sacrifice"

There are too many instances of powerful government officials trying to relocate people from their homelands to somewhere new for their own personal agenda!

ex: The Trail of Tears and the Holocaust

highlight "When the phosphate...pleasant little island"

He describes the before and after of Nauru this to explain the drastic change in appearance and well-being of the island after describing how wealthy and perfect it once was.

The author describes the 'mirage' of Nauru and then the reality of the destruction the island has endured. As referenced later in the article, no one even knew the severity of the damages to Nauru.

hightlight "Nauru started...committing suicide"

The author illustrates how prejudice is used to find these poor communities to take advantage of. They fall victims to slow violence without having any say in the fate of their communities.

These communities have trouble banding together to fight these more powerful companies/government because they often lack the resources and organization to do so.

The idea of coercion and bribery is unfortunately a sad reality of these people. As seen in Dark Waters, the "poor" people the author references here are targeted and then taken advantage of. In the movie, the farmer was very sick and was bribed to give over his land, which ended up causing even more harm to the area.

The idea of ecological and human disposability is heartbreaking. People and environments should not be seen as more valuable than others.

the concept of "disposable people" os very similar to our concept of "sacrifice zones". In both instances, outside people are condemning an area/population to slow violence without consent nor knowledge of the area/people these acts are harming

As Summers said earlier, the people of Africa are basically out of sight, therefore, they have no voice to speak up against these injustices and prejudice.

As seen in all of our readings, this piece relates back to the poor people being taken advantage of. They do not have the resources to stand up for themselves.

The author shifts his focus from gaining the media's attention for these issues to his other point of the article: 'environmentalism of the poor'.

Although unfair, I see where the author is coming from while explaining the public's focus. Personally, I will be more interested in reading about an avalanche disaster then the effects of a landfill on people's health.

Here, the author claims we need to add drama to receive public sentiment and call attention to these gradual emergencies.

The author then goes on to explain that slow violence is more "cataclysmic" in which the delays could be generational. The author then poses the question as to how to get these slow violence issues into the media's light.

The author lists examples of huge headlines to illustrate how the audience is drawn more to big cover stories

We need to advertise the effects of slow violence such as PTSD and environmental calamities, even though they are not 'newsworthy', they are very important. Most people fail to realize this and the author does a good job of explaining that.

The author includes this sentence in the first paragraph to explain that people will automatically decline weaponized violence, but have to think twice about environmental injustices or 'slow violence'. They believe this type of violence is not nearly as harmful because it it not outward and public, however, that is wrong.

highlight the examples of slow violence starting with "climate change"

Just because a problem is not widely publicized, it can still be very urgent and important. The reason these "slow violence" crimes are not publicized is 1) it is a gradual destruction and 2) the people who are subtly inflicting the harm will not advertise its harsh realities

An ongoing theme throughout our pieces is the popularity of the problem. Meaning, people do not seem to care about environmental injustices when they have enough privilege that it does not impact them. This article is saying the same thing, except with a focus on the ongoing injustices.

"Slow violence: a violence of delayed destruction that is dispersed over time and space"

Slow violence to me is subtle prejudice and sabotage of a certain area/people

Triple disrespect to Africans for 1) discounted as political agents 2) discounted for long-term problems 3) discounted as having their own culture and issues

Summers disrespected the entire population of Africa by doing these 3 things in his "win-win" proposal.

'Out-of-sight, out-of-mind". concept is unbelievable. It is an extremely ignorant approach to serious issues as well as a clear lack of respect to the African people.

Lawrence Summers (president of World Bank) believed that he could just dump the US and Europe's environmental messes onto Africa to appease environmentalists and clean up the US.

As stated in our other articles, these conditions make it harder for the residents to succeed. These people are already too poor to afford to move, but then making them experience health issues as a result of pollution makes it harder for them to attend school, keep jobs, and pay off medical bills.

Another example of minorities being forced into inhuman conditions based on their ethnicity.

Credible source to support Logos

This is a startling statistic. However, it is a very good use of Logos in her article, and in this unit, to prove her point once again that there is prejudice in environmentalism, in particular, a bad habit of making minorities inhabit "sacrifice zones".

Finally a national recognition of the racial prejudice! This clearly proves that the pattern of sacrifice zones in african-american communities is real.

Crazy! How is this allowed?

Good use of Logos throughout this argument, and this court case, to help explain why they filed a lawsuit. This is a clear example of discrimination.

A turning point in this issue. The residents finally have the power to protest discrimination.

heartbreaking.

This statement is very strong in the fact that it describes the struggles of the citizens living there, enduring the torturous conditions, and having to accept "that was just the way it was". They were powerless in keeping themselves from becoming sick due to the government's negligence.

The people plagued with these inhumane living conditions did not have the resources to act against them. This relates to the very first article we read "The Future of Environmental Justice" by Palmer. He says that these people are being directly affected by these environmental injustices in their own backyards and that they "deserve a seat at the table" to stand up for themselves.

Big Idea: She points out here that these sacrifice zones are only inflicting the poor minority communities rather than the rich wealthy areas. It is large scale racism that needs to stop.

Here she explains why she used such strong language, demonstrating the appeal to emotion and pathos technique.

This relates to the common theme in environmentalism of government negligence to these communities. It helps prove the point the the government is in fact prejudice with who and where they help, which is not fair.

The author adds onto her purpose in the article.

The author's purpose is to not only advocate against government deemed "sacrifice zones", but to advocate to clean up these areas and help the residents in need. This does not only include radioactive grounds, but other chemicals wastelands the government does not act to help clean or protect.

Using Logos to explain how many of these sacrifice zones there really are in the US. This helps the author's point by supporting her claim to their being too many wastelands that were inhabited by citizens who did not know the dangers!

The US should have been required to fence off these areas before people inhabited them. This is inhumane and the government should be held accountable for these mistakes.

This statement "enough is enough" really shows the residents' frustration with their situation. This also has the audience infer it was not just a one time incident. Instead, the government let these inhumane conditions continue for a while, so long in fact, that the residents had to take their own stands.

More descriptive language to help the readers visualize Reed's situation. Using Pathos and to appeal to emotion to make the audience feel her frustration.

Topic statement: This story will be about everyday people standing up to work towards a better, cleaner environment. They have become environmentalists after being faced with the prejudice in environmentalism and work to fix it.

Normal people, not environmentalists, taking action against the injustices they are facing.

This paragraph uses descriptive language to help put the audience in Reed's shoes. It helps the audience visualize the awful conditions she has had to endure due to a charcoal factory's pollutes smoke.

Uses Pathos to appeal to emotions with the strong language of "I couldn't breathe in my own home" to make the audience sympathize with Ruth Reed.

Appealing to audience of civil rights supporters to take part in the fight against climate change because it does in fact benefit their cause for equality.

Appealing to Pathos. A lot of people cannot afford college, therefore this plays on the reliability of the audience while also promising an uncertain 'better' future.

How is this proven? Is there a wide variety of green jobs out there?

With all these changes the workers will be hurt. Usually these workers live in the impoverished areas and they need to make the adjustment as well. They should try to clean-up their energy processes to keep the company in business so the workers have jobs

How can we hold them accountable?

HUGE benefit. Over these past few weeks every article talks about the health problems endured by African Americans. This would help solve the civil rights issues involved in intersectional environmentalism ("Why Every Environmentalist Should be Anti-Racist)

This "fact" is using Logos to prove that clean energy does create jobs as well as help the economy, which is exactly what all politicians (and people) want.

What is toxic tar-sands oil? What does that company make and what is the purpose of their product. How does it affect the black-and-Latino community?

As Palmer says, "giving the people of voice of what is happening in their own backyards"

Going back to the words she admired from Obama in the beginning, environmentalism DOES have economic benefits. She also explains that these changes will provide jobs to the underprivileged areas to help raise them out of poverty. A win-win.

Again, the government officials need to stand up and intiate the change to help their communties in an effective, "green"way.

Using Logos she supports her previos claim on how it is possible to tackle both issues.

Showing how the causes can work hand in hand to solve both problems

Did this ever get initiated? I have never heard about it.

This touches on last week's articles on anti-racism in environmentalism. The author explains here how climate change clearly affects the African American population more than the richer and non-african american population. Just like with landfills, the polluted air gives them health problems. They should have the right to resources to solve the issues like everyone else.

Does the city's polluted air contribute to these "heat islands"? It would make sense for the heat to also trap the pollution and cause health problems (such as asthma attacks) during the heat waves as well.

I had no idea that so many people lived near coal plants. What percentage of the total population lives near coal plants as well? Out of those people, is the statistic of more health-related problems being higher still accurate?

Here the author uses Logos by not only stating her facts, but linking them as well so we can see what trusted source she used to support her claim.

I did not know that climate change was also a factor of hurricanes and their severity.

The qualifier here is used to say that more people should be focused on stopping climate change. The author then starts to explain how natural disasters harm the areas in poverty much more.

Ethos-as stated in video, the author is establishing a connection to what the audience cares about.

Based on her language, I would assume the author is a person of color based on her ability to relate to the minds of American people of color. Here she is establishing credibility (Ethos) right away.

Visuals to show an example of the protests against climate change

This is an interesting point I had never thought about before. However I agree that allies for the BLM movement have to do their part to make the world more equal. Plus, the more people working to solve climate problems, the better.

Just like Palmer's piece, he said minorities need to have a voice on what is happening "in their own backyard", and here Thomas agrees and will fight for the same right.

The author has created her own cause in her field of study to support her black community. The oppression by society is clearly racist and has led to the injuries of many. She hopes to incorporate this into her field.

Author uses credible sources to support her previous statements.

Relates to last week's reading "The Future of Environmental Justice" by Palmer who had proved in his article that minority communities were more likely to be next to landfills and huge factories, causing them harm.

Statistics to prove her point and convince her audience there is injustice within this movement.

Her purpose for her work is revealed. She strives to help end racism within the environmentalist movements.

Directly comparing the majority-white and wealthy communities to the poor, minority ones from back home

I read about Michael Brown as one of the many victims being honored throughout BLM protests this year

Similar to George Floyd and BLM protests as results of injustice. She is sharing a personal experience to elaborate more on why this is so important to her.

The author describes her POV of being "abandoned" by her colleagues in times she needed support for her and her people. She references how earlier she said environmentalists do not care enough to speak out about BLM, and here she shows an example.

The author poses this question to evoke emotion in her audience. Using "my humanity" connects us and sympathizes with desire to all be treated equally.

I like how she addresses the stereotype of all environmentalists being "forward-thinking" when it comes to the environment and contrasting it with the fact that they are not "forward-thinking" in regards to black lives.

We all have to do our part to help this world become a better place.

connecting humane issues to environmental issues once again with new documents

The people are being put into physical distress by the pollution

The big corporations are taking advantage of the people below them by putting them through awful conditions while giving them the least to benefit. Their homes are being the monetized and they are not getting any rewards.

As the author said earlier, a person is greatly influenced by their environment. The minorities are living in wastelands and surrounded by pollution, making it that much harder for them to make a living for themselves.

Shows more examples of organizations making a difference and working together to instill change.

Bringing back the idea of everyone working together to solve the issues

The foundation of Environmental Justice was created.

Similar to Palmer, the "Earth Parliament" is stressing how important it is to get everyone involved, or as Palmer said, "bringing people of color, indigenous groups, and low-income communities into the rooms where decisions are made about landfill siting and toxic emissions." ('The Future of Environmental Justice', Palmer)

The minorities are now getting a chance to have a voice and help relieve the inhumane waste zones and stop discrimination.

They are spreading the new standards across the world to help stop the crimes against environmental justice.

This idea connects to how today people are making human rights issues a political side. For example, people are taking the mandatory mask rules to the political debates arguing against the "freedom of choice". The issue is not politcal, it is a humanity issue and precautions are being made to save lives.

The government does (and should more often) look back at our past to frame for the future and to avoid the same mistakes.

Modeled after US Constitution

The author explains specifically here again how the environmental issues have come together to form the environmental justice movement.

making this matter a global issue was able to get more attention to the cause and help propel the movement directed more towards humanity issues.

Washington DC has had the biggest successful BLM protests in the past few months, showing the capital is a good place for change to begin.

The author points out how there is apparent racism in the development of globalization, industrialization, and healthcare for the minorities.

Today, the BLM is stepping out against these injustices in protests (even ones on campus), riots, and calling attention the prejudice in the police force towards people of color.

very strong language.

huge key issues we should talk about this year

I find that the author saying the environmental justice movement has redefined the word "environment" as very interesting. Here he is explaining the shift in the movement from crimes against nature to crimes against nature and the people who live there.

introduces the same points as Palmer in "The Future of Environmental Justice"

low income areas and the minorities are being targeted as sites for waste dumping/pollution.

background on how environmental journalism started