President Cleveland acknowledged that it was an illegalact. And one hundred years later, President Clinton apologized for the overthrow, but ofcourse, this did nothing to change island’s status.

Indians as “friend to the pioneer.” This image was taken in Port Townsend, Washington.There is no denying that many Native people were friends to the pioneers and helpedthem on countless occasions. Indeed, one could argue that the pioneers’ success waspartly dependent on the goodwill of Native peoples. But this is a partial truth masquer-ading as the whole story.

. Was there simple erasure? Valorization

Haunting, in contrast, encompasses a spectrum of awareness levels, including theunconsciousness. Gordon defines haunting as “an animated state in which a repressedor unresolved social violence is making itself known, sometimes very directly, sometimesmore obliquely”

define and 'speak for' the past, butis also a process that continually creates and recreates a range of social rela-tions, values and meanings about both the past and present.

The idea of a 'pristine wilderness', and the nature/culturedivide facilitated by Enlightenment philosophy, led to the concept of a nat-ural landscape that needed to be protected from the depredations of humanactivities (

The discursive construction of heritage is itself parr of the cultural and socialprocesses that are heritage. The practice of heritage may be defined as themanagement and conservation protocols, techniques and procedures thatheritage managers, archaeologists, architects, museum curators and otherexperts undertake. It may also be an economic and/or leisure practice, and/ora social and cultural practice, as I am arguing, of meaning and identitymaking. These practices, as well as the meaning of the material 'things' ofheritage, are constituted by the discourses that simultaneously reflect thesepractices while also constructing them.