- Jun 2025
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www.hellowork.com www.hellowork.com
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您正在准备接受传播学或市场营销方面的高等教育(Bac +4/5)您熟练使用 Word、Excel 和 PowerPoint 软件,并熟悉 IT 和网络营销工具。 您的创造力、严谨性和沟通技巧对于您任务的成功也至关重要。
工作技能
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newsroom.ucla.edu newsroom.ucla.edu
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regularly
1
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archive.org archive.org
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call it forth
forth
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roughly
雅典人口中大约有百分之八十五是希腊人
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Q
在伯里克利看来,雅典民主的理想是什么?伯里克利是如何夸大他的主张的?为什么伯里克利所描述的雅典人对辩论的热情会让斯巴达人感到不快?
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This is because it commands our deep respect.
这是因为它赢得了我们的深深尊敬。
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so is
我们的日常生活,我们彼此之间的关系也是如此。
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consisted
assembly
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they managed to outmaneuver the Persian fleet and utterly defeated it.
他们设法智取波斯舰队并彻底击败了它。
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outmaneuver
v. 以策略制胜,以机动性胜过
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offshore
adv. 向海面,向海
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sacked
当波斯人洗劫和焚烧雅典时,希腊舰队仍留在萨拉米斯岛附近的近海,向波斯海军发起挑战。尽管希腊人寡不敌众,但他们设法战胜了波斯舰队并彻底击败了它。几个月后,即公元前 479 年初,希腊人组建了当时最大的希腊军队,并在阿提卡西北部的普拉提亚决定性地击败了波斯军队。希腊人赢得了战争,现在可以自由地追求自己的命运。
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onslaught
n. 猛攻, 攻击
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threatened
vt. 威胁;恐吓;预示 vi. 威胁;可能来临
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troops
troops
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a fleet of
一支舰队
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vessels
船只
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invasion
到公元前480年波斯入侵时,雅典人已经拥有了一支约两百艘舰船的舰队。
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navy
与此同时,雅典人通过发展海军来推行新的军事政策。
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leadership
在斯巴达人的领导下组成了一个防御联盟,
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vowed
发誓要报仇雪恨,并重新入侵希腊。
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Persians
波斯人在马拉松平原登陆了一支军队,距离雅典只有26英里。在那里,尽管明显人数处于劣势,主要由雅典人组成的军队发起了攻击并决定性地击败了波斯人。
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outnumbered
There a mostly Athenian army,
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490
公元前490年,波斯统治者大流士率领军队进攻希腊本土,以图报复。
希腊文明的鼎盛时期:古典希腊
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assisted
在雅典海军的协助下,波斯统治者大流士带领军队于公元前490年对希腊大陆发起进攻,寻求复仇。
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Q
焦点问题:希腊人所说的民主是什么意思?雅典的政治制度在哪些方面是民主的?公元前五世纪的两场大冲突 - - 波斯战争和伯罗奔尼撒战争 - - 对希腊文明产生了什么影响?
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reforms
克利斯提尼的改革奠定了雅典民主的基础。更多的变化将在公元前五世纪到来,那时雅典人自己将开始使用民主一词来描述他们的制度(来自希腊词demos,"人民"和kratia,"权力,因此"权力归人民")。到公元前500年,雅典比以往任何时候都更加团结,并将在希腊事务中发挥更重要的作用。
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system
在自由和公开辩论之后,所有男性公民的大会在通过法律上都具有最终权威。因此,克莱斯特尼斯的改革加强了雅典政治体系中公民集会的核心作用。 年代古希腊:斯巴达和雅典斯巴达征服了梅塞尼亚c。公元前730 - 710年伯罗奔尼撒联盟的开始c。公元前560 - 550年雅典·索伦(Athens Solon)的改革594-593公元前 Pisistratus的暴政c。公元前560-556和546-527 河比亚的沉积 - 暴政的末尾公元前510年,克莱斯特尼斯的改革c。公元前508 - 501年,克莱斯泰尼斯的改革为雅典民主奠定了基础。公元前五世纪将发生更多变化当雅典人本人开始使用民主一词来描述其系统(从希腊语示例,“人”和克拉蒂亚(Kratia)和克拉蒂亚(Kratia),“力量,因此“对人民的权力”)。到500 S.C.到500 S.C.,雅典比以往任何时候都更加团结,比以往任何时候都更加团结,并且在希腊文明的高点上,在希腊文明中扮演了什么?政治制度是民主的,五世纪的两个巨大冲突是波斯战争和伯罗奔尼撒战争的,这是希腊文明的名字吗?在这一时期,希腊人的许多持久贡献是在希腊国家和波斯帝国的挑战中发生的。公元前六世纪中叶,在雅典海军的协助下,爱奥尼亚城市的一场失败的起义导致波斯统治者达里乌斯(Darius)在490年攻击大陆希腊人。
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Reforms
English 中文 (Chinese) 1. Power Restructuring - Broke aristocratic strongholds by redefining political units - Made demes (villages/towns) the basic administrative units 1. 权力重组 - 通过 重构政治单元 瓦解贵族地方势力 - 确立 德谟(村镇)为基层行政单位 2. Tribal Reformation - Created 10 new tribes mixing: • Rural districts • Coastal areas • Urban Athens - Ensured each tribe represented all Attica 2. 部落重组 - 建立 10个新部落(融合三区域人口): • 内陆乡村 • 沿海地区 • 雅典城区 - 确保各部落代表整个阿提卡 3. Council of 500 - 50 members randomly selected annually per tribe - Managed foreign/financial affairs - Prepared agenda for Assembly 3. 五百人议事会 - 每部落 每年抽选50人 - 主管 外交/财政事务 - 为公民大会准备议程 4. Empowered Assembly - All male citizens: • Held final lawmaking authority • Engaged in open debate - Became true sovereign body 4. 公民大会扩权 - 全体男性公民: • 拥有 最终立法权 • 进行 公开辩论 - 成为最高权力机构 Core Insight Cleisthenes invented geographic representation to neutralize bloodline politics. His system ("demokratia" = people-power) became democracy’s blueprint
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hence
但他拒絕重新分配土地,因此未能解決經濟危機的根本原因。
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, assisted by a board of nine archons. Although an assembly of full citizens did exist, it possessed few powers.
,由九位执政官组成的委员会协助。虽然确实存在一个由正式公民组成的议会,但它拥有的权力很少。 形同虚设 无权 - 尚未形成民主制
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archons
Archons (执政官): 9 chief magistrates ruling Athens
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council of nobles
Council of nobles (贵族会议): Later called Areopagus
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www.rennes-sb.com www.rennes-sb.com
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facilitate
合作伙伴关系使您能够可持续地加强您的雇主品牌,并在整个学年中促进我们的学生招聘您的未来人才。
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www.rennes-sb.com www.rennes-sb.com
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In order to support international students during their search for an internship, a dedicated Careers Advisor is available to guide international students and help them to adapt their job or internship search strategy to the French and European talent markets.
为了在国际学生寻找实习机会期间为他们提供支持,我们提供了专门的职业顾问 (Careers Advisor) 来指导国际学生,帮助他们调整求职或实习策略以适应法国和欧洲的人才市场。在法国和国外的实习和工作机会都可以在学校的内部职业平台上找到,学生有机会在雷恩 SB 企业日期间,通过招聘会、辅导课程和不同主题、行业和领域的会议,与来自世界各地的专业人士会面和交流。
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learn.microsoft.com learn.microsoft.com
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Loan Brokers
该行业包括主要通过将借款人和贷方聚集在一起以收取佣金或费用来安排贷款的实体
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Credit
该行业包括主要从储户或信贷市场借款筹集资金的实体;或通过从事抵押贷款经纪、票据交换所和储备服务以及支票兑现服务等活动来促进资金借贷或信贷发行。
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accommodate
目前,我们无法适应对行业代码或行业列表的更新。
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expandable
活动节点 使用下面的可扩展(显示/隐藏)类别来显示 LinkedIn 行业代码及其标签、层次结构和描述。
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Tip
如果您无法缩小到您选择的行业,请尝试使用关键字来支持您的搜索。
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The below tables display all valid Industry Codes V2, labels, hierarchy paths and descriptions for all Active and Inactive industries.
下表显示了所有 Active 和 Inactive 行业的所有有效行业代码 V2、标签、层次结构路径和描述。
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www.rennes-sb.com www.rennes-sb.com
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transforming
转变
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www.rennes-sb.com www.rennes-sb.com
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registered
已注册
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January
Spring semester: Beginning o
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www.rennes-sb.com www.rennes-sb.com
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notably
notice
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pan.baidu.com pan.baidu.com
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Spotting demagoguery a
识别并抵制蛊惑是批判性思维者——实际上任何公民——所拥有的最重要的技能之一。
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criteria
逻辑标准。
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passage
rhetorically persuasive
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e ability to think critica
你甚至可以说,批判性思维的能力就是区分论证与说服、逻辑与修辞的能力。你可以说这是辨别一篇修辞上具有说服力的话语中是否有论证,并且根据逻辑标准评估该论证的能力。
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persuasive
当然人们会使用论点来劝说别人,但是有许多其他方法似乎更有效。包括贿赂、奉承、威胁、敲诈勒索以及——尤其是——散布虚假信息。
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not by the extent to which peopl
n. 长度, 面积, 范围 程度, 限
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CHAPTER 1 : DRIv In G Bl In Dfol DED That beliefs are generated as much by psychology and impulse as by evidence should come as no surprise. The new car that was well beyond our means yesterday seems entirely affordable today—though our finances haven’t changed. If someone invited us to The Olive Garden we’d expect decent fare; but if they suggested we try din- ing at, say, The Lung Garden, we’d hesitate—even if we were told the food is identical. People will go out of their way to save $10 when buying a $25 pen, but won’t do the same to save the same amount buying a $500 suit.* Programmed into our psyches are features that distort our perception, color our judgment, and impair our ability to think objectively.
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networks
more CREDENCE TO ARGUMENTS THAT SUPPORT OUR OPINIONS OR HARMONZIE WIRH VIEWS PREVAILING
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In light of these possibilities, how can one aspire to think critically?
鉴于这些可能性,人们如何能够渴望进行批判性思考?
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described
显然我们人类常常根据情感和认知启发式思维得出结论,就像我们刚刚描述的那样。
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objectively
我们心理上被编程了扭曲我们的感知、着色我们的判断并损害我们客观思考能力的特征。
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workplace
人们估计自己的智力、记忆力或工作表现与同行或同事的智力、记忆力和工作表现相比如何。在我们自己非正式的调查中,超过80%的学生认为自己在批判性思维能力方面处于班级前10%。
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observed
经典的例子是1976年对参加SAT考试的学生进行的调查,其中超过50%的受访者认为自己在领导能力等品质上优于其他50%的SAT考生。
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inform
他们完全相信他们会成为下一个美国偶像——当评委们告诉他们连唱歌都不会时,他们哑口无言。
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begin exhibiting in-group and attribution biases.
not appreciate that others’ behavior is as much constrained by events and circum- stances as our own would be if we were in their position is known as the fundamental attribution error.
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discovered
批判性思维旨在得出正确的结论并做出明智的选择或决策。我们从日常经验中知道,欲望、恐惧、个人目标和各种情绪会影响我们的选择。正如文中解释的,实验心理学家已经发现了其他一些更出乎意料和令人惊讶的影响因素对我们的思考产生影响。
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rational evaluation” of a person’s quali-fications may be affected by irrelevant physical cues.*
在最近的一项实验中,耶鲁大学和哈佛大学的研究人员要求受试者通过阅读一份附在文件夹上的求职者的简历来评估一个工作候选人。其中一些文件夹重7/8磅;其他的重41/2磅。持有较重文件夹的受试者总体上认为该候选人的素质更好。显然,对一个人的资格进行“理性评估”可能会受到无关的身体线索的影响。
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attribute
我们可能把本组成员的成就归功于他们的勇气和勤奋工作,而将失败归咎于坏运气;而对于外组成员的失败——他们个人的缺点——则认为是由于个人能力不足所致。同时,我们还吝啬地否认这些人的成就是靠好运气得来的。
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per -ception
另一个可能影响感知和歪曲判断的认知因素是,我们很可能认为我们自己的群体成员比这个或那个外群体成员展现出更多的多样性和个性。
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we find it easier to form negative opin-ions of people who don’t belong to our club,
in-group bias,
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wdym
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heuristic
可用性启发式可能解释了为什么很容易犯下从轶事推广的所谓错误。
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Some cognitive biases involve heuristics, general rules we unconsciously follow
一些认知偏差涉及启发式法则,即我们在估计概率时不经意间遵循的一般规则。
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hypothesis
好的实验设计是为了确保实验者不能“挑选性”地收集证据,也就是说,他们寻找支持自己认为正确的假设的证据,同时忽略相反的证据。
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evidence
that Fox News i
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which refers to the tendency to attach more weight to evidence that supports our viewpoint.
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Therefore some Golden retrievers are gentle.
CONCULUSION
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belief bias.
explAIN what belieF IS BIAS
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corollary
?
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BELIEFS AND CLAIMSWhy bother thinking critically? The ultimate objective in thinking critically is to come toconclusions that are correct and to make decisions that are wise. Because our decisionsreflect our conclusions, we can simplify things by saying that the purpose of thinkingcritically is to come to correct conclusions. The method used to achieve this objective isto evaluate our thinking by the standards of rationality. Of course, we can also evaluatesomeone else’s thinking, though the objective there might simply be to help the person.When we come to a conclusion, we have a belief. Concluding involves believing.If you conclude that the battery is dead, you believe that the battery is dead. Keeping thisin mind, let’s define a few key terms.A belief is, obviously, something you believe. It is important to understand that abelief is propositional, which means it can be expressed in a declarative sentence—a sen-tence that is either true or false. A good bit of muddleheaded thinking can be avoided ifyou understand that beliefs are propositional entities, but more on this later.As we use these words, beliefs are the same as judgments and opinions. Whenwe express a belief (or judgment or opinion) in a declarative sentence, the result is astatement or claim or assertion, and for our purposes these are the same thing. Claimscan be used for other purposes than to state beliefs, but this is the use we’re primarilyconcerned with.
Core Concepts Defined Purpose of Critical Thinking
Ultimate Goal: To reach correct conclusions and make wise decisions.
Method: Rigorously evaluating thinking against standards of rationality (e.g., logic, evidence, coherence).
Beliefs = Judgments = Opinions
A belief is a conclusion you accept as true (e.g., "The battery is dead").
In critical thinking, beliefs, judgments, and opinions are synonymous. They are propositional:
Expressible as declarative sentences (e.g., "Climate change is accelerating").
Inherently truth-apt (capable of being true or false).
Claims = Statements = Assertions
When a belief is expressed verbally/written, it becomes a claim (e.g., "I assert that the battery is dead").
Claims inherit the propositional nature of beliefs: they are declarative sentences with truth value.
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chat.deepseek.com chat.deepseek.comDeepSeek6
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Power to the people: Dēmokratia- Meritocracy: "Ability > Class"- Civic duty: "No apolitical citizen"- Rule of law: Unwritten moral codes
. 民主理想(伯里克利葬礼演说) - 人民主权: 德谟克拉提亚 - 任人唯贤: "能力重于阶级" - 公民义务: "不关心政治者无资格为公民" - 法治精神: 不成文道
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sovereign
- 成为最高权力机构
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1. Political Evolution
- 政治演变
- 公元前700年建立统一的 阿提卡城邦
- 君主制 → 贵族统治(公元前7世纪)
- 权力机构:
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without direct annexation
斯巴达借联盟间接控制盟邦Historical Context: The league allowed Sparta to control allies without direct annexation, using collective security to suppress helot revolts and deter rivals like Athens.
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IDEOLOGY
- Ideological Indoctrination
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DOMINANCE
- Peloponnesian Hegemony
- Military-State Order
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etextbook.to etextbook.to
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Intrinsic
Intrinsic and extrinsic properties (重定向自Intrinsic) An intrinsic property is a property of a system or of a material itself or within. It is independent of how much of the material is present and is independent of the form of the material, e.g., one large piece or a collection of small particles. Intrinsic properties are dependent mainly on the chemical composition or structure of the material.
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My only con-cern is that you not exhaust yourself before you begin.
我唯一的担心是,你在开始之前不要把自己累垮了。
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associate
联系
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in-tern in
内部
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frames
框架
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Useful
近来对学习方式和智力框架进行了有益的研究
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endlessly
无休止地
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the Teacher-as-Researcher
项目评估研究、行动研究和教师作为研究者 定量和定性研究
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outline
1 探索教育心理学 学习目标1 描述关于教育心理学领域的一些基本观点。 历史背景 教学:艺术与科学 2 有效教学 学习目标2 识别有效教师的态度和技能。 专业知识和技能 承诺、动机和关怀
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evaluate research.
教师可以 进行和评估研究
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