a serious dilemma is revealed for urban youth whose exposure to unremitting stressors leaves most, sometimes all, of their primary human needs under constant attack.
Education as higher needs of human needs the support from stable life.
a serious dilemma is revealed for urban youth whose exposure to unremitting stressors leaves most, sometimes all, of their primary human needs under constant attack.
Education as higher needs of human needs the support from stable life.
But the attempt to do without hope, in the struggle to improve the world, as if that struggle could be reduced to calculated acts alone, or a purely scientific approach, is a frivolous illusion.
I agree with that hope is significant to reformers and the progress of society. Institutional innovation and educational development require not only stylized scientific methods, but also faith.
I think that the students’ voice is not always heard entirely, even through dialogue. I feel that by doing this journal we can make a difference with our personal experience and touch the heart of someone who is willing to stand by us. I also wanted to get the attention of other students who may be feel-ing the same frustration I have felt
Rashida, as an SLA student, talked about the issue she met before, and explained why this process can help. Her letter is a great evidence to show that our action is effective.
ocal and national legislation in a way that expands current government definitions about what makes teachers “highly qualified”
With the progress of The Times and the needs of social development, people's requirements for educators will gradually improve and become diversified, because education is the cornerstone of national development
In this era of high-stakes testing and increasedaccountability pressures in schools, efforts to improvestudent academic achievement—particularly amongurban students of color—have often failed to address thesociocultural realities of students’ lives
As the schooling develop, education should become more comprehensive, caring not only about students' ability to learn in school, but also about their life and ability to survive in society in the future.
apartheid-like segregationbased on race and class
Educators need to make continuous efforts to break down this system of segregation so that students of different races are treated with equal respect.
Youth in general, and urban youth of color morespecifically, have been pathologized and demonized insociety, blamed for the underperformance of schoolsand a host of other social ills, resulting in an escalatingassault on youth that has been manifested in a variety ofways.
n the development of education industry today, this phenomenon is still widespread. People should focus on how to help these children instead of blaming them.
dialectical
of, relating to, or in accordance with dialectic. discussion and reasoning by dialogue as a method of intellectual investigation
ritical pedagogy is being discussed as a potential component of urban school re-form.
I agree with this statement, critical thinking helps students h have their own independent thinking, not easily trust others.
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I agree that for unique students the educators should build a unique learning space for them, which helps them adapt the schooling environment.
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The author uses a live example here, which make us see how common it is for teenagers to drop out of school.
Thus, district leaders tend to be accustomed to chipping away at small-scale problems and mak-ing minor progress, and this incremental change has led them to expect
This points put that district leaders need to consider the education problems from a wider view, and solve the problems more comprehensively.
N1any of them want and expect teachers to be excellent in their individual classrooms without thinking seriously about what is essential from them, as leaders, to promote, ensure, and sustain teacher effectiveness.
I agree that the decision makers shouldn't only pay attention to the results that teachers bring out, but also get involved to know the class and help the teachers to raise the effectiveness.
Start Where You Are is useful because it highlights teachers in unexpected places doing extraordinary work-1building relationships with students, teaching to teachers' and students' strengths, negotiating differences, and envisioning their work through ~he lens of opportunity rather than through achieve1-ment gap .
This paragraph discredited how teachers should work to help students with multicultural backgrounds.
surveillance
the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed
Their parents expect them to follow and inherit their homeland traditions, beliefs, and values.
Some students feel conflicted between family tradition and mainstream society, so it's important for schools to help their students to accept that people have different traditions and beliefs and they will respect each other.
It is a community, a place where they feel comfortable, empowered, and affirmed and yet at times where they experience tensions, contradictions, and challenges. ‘
People generally feel more comfortable in groups that are similar to themselves because they are more gregarious, which shows how important it is for schools to help immigrant students accept their differences.
But when I think about it, there was no one there saying, “hey, I care about you and I want to help you stay in school”. I
Flor's experience shows that the school should pay more attention to multicultural education and help the students to adapt the schooling structure.
Flor eventually returned to school. Along the way she married and had children. Due to fi nancial and family issues, Flor took seven years to earn her GED.
It is not uncommon in the United States to be unable to receive higher education because of high tuition fees and complicated family circumstances.
For many Americans education is viewed as the key to the American dream.
I agree with this point. I have heard that education is the most powerful tool you can use to change the world, and I believe education is the most efficient way to help people improve.
oday, more immigrant children spend more time in schools than ever before in the history of the United States.
With the improvement of education, children begin to spend more time in school to receive better education. So schools have become important places to help immigrant students adapt to the local culture and accept themselves.
Today, 20 percent of young people growing up in the United States have immigrant parents, and it is
The writer lists some statistics here, which shows the high proportion of immigrants in the United States clearly.
cognitive -enrichment opportunities
These are educational opportunities. Within the article, its application can be lensed in two ways. First, they are opportunities relating to the sheer access to education. Secondly, they are opportunities that give students an edge in learning (Eg. extra remedial, private tutors, some extracurricular activities, etc.).
chronic poverty
Repeated events of poverty, often within a family. It is significantly related to generational poverty and it is used in the article to refer to impoverished students. In cases where there is chronic poverty, children are predisposed to being poor because they are predisposed to circumstances likely to result in poverty
Generational poverty occurs in families where at least two generations have been born into poverty. Families living in this type of poverty are not equipped with the tools to move out of their situations
Economic disenfranchisement tracing different generations within the family tree. It occurs in families where at least two generations have been born into poverty. Families living in this type of poverty are not equipped with the tools to move out of their situations.
amifi cations
An unwelcome or unprecedented consequence of something. It is used in a broader context to refer to the outcomes of poverty or the things one has to endure because they are poor (aligned within the premise of education).
chronic tardiness,
Tardiness is the tendency to be late – the opposite of punctuality. Chronic tardiness refers to a continuous pattern or tendency of being late. Contextually used to refer to students who are often late due to background-related reasons/factors.
hand-me-downs
Clothes and apparel that have been passed down from one person to another. Its use in the article compares the lifestyles of the narrator (who is from a poor background) and that of other students.
24 COUNTERSTORIES shop class. I made the smallest project you could choose, a little kitchen match-book holder. No sturdy
Robustly or strongly built. The narrator uses the term to refer to firm and well-designed furniture that he was not accorded at home like other students.
prerequisite
It is definitively a thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist. The term is used in the article to refer to the importance of having a solid family background. Particularly, the presence of both parents and supportive relatives within the family tree is a particular context the term is referenced within.
self-conscious
Aware and sensitively cautious about various aspects of oneself. Some people manifest self-consciousness with self-preservation, being highly ethical, etc. Contextually, it refers to the timidity the narrator developed because of their family background.
White trash
An offensive term used to refer to white people who ‘do not meet the standards of white-living.’ It is contextually used to refer to poor white people. When referred to as white trash, the individual in context is often economically disenfranchised or socially marginalized.
race-conscious
Aware, sensitive, and knowledgeable on racial dynamics and related constructs. In the article, it refers to Teel and Obidah’s (2008) explanation of racially competent teachers as having an awareness of race, of the possibility of their own racism and the racism of others, and the significance of these perceptions in the teaching and learning process.
impoverished backgrounds
Relating to poor origins or background. Someone from an impoverished background is one from a poor or low-income family. Contextually, it is used to explain financial dynamics when it comes to accessing and dispensing education services.
homogeneous schools,
Education institutions characterized by racial/ethnic singularity. Such institutions are usually predominantly white or minority. The phrase is used to allude to how students from low-income families tend to attend schools they can afford, hence the homogeneity.
ripple effect
A sequence of events resulting from or triggered by one event. It can be equated to the ‘domino effect.’ Used in the article to explain how economic downturns affect other sectors and aspects of life (education, housing, etc.).
economic downturn
A general economic state characterized by plummeting markets. A recently significant economic downturn was in 2008 when the housing and real estate markets fell rapidly. It is used in the article to denote financial hardships resulting from a poor-performing economy.
admonishing
It is to warn or reprimand someone firmly. Contextually, it is the display of favoritism or privilege at schools – often a variable of economic endowment. Students from poor backgrounds are more likely to be admonished by teachers compared to those from well-up families.
privileged students
It is a class of students who come from wealthy or economically able families. This class of students ‘need for no
classism
The existence of social classes. These classes are fundamentally based on the wealth or financial status of individuals. The elite or highest social classes are characterized by economic/political power or influence.
cultural norms:
Tendencies, practices, ideologies, or beliefs that are adopted and normalized within a setting/community. It is contextually used to refer to practices that are normalized or adopted in schools.
cultural norms:
Tendencies, practices, ideologies, or beliefs that are adopted and normalized within a setting/community. It is contextually used to refer to practices that are normalized or adopted in schools.
extracurricular activities
Engagements within a school that are not part of the core studies. Sports, Music, Art, etc. are examples of extracurricular activities. In the reading, it is used to partly show how income gaps affect the smallest aspects of a student’s education or life at school.
economic capital,
It is the wealth and income of parents. Economic capital plays a key role in the type and level of education that a child accesses. The authors reiterate it as one of the primary factors influencing student achievement.
puzzlement.
Confusion resulting from lack of understanding. The term is applied to show the quagmire that students may find themselves in when it comes to accessing education and how such situations may reflect later in life.
achievement gap
Margins in life outcomes or the marginal differences in what various people have been able to do in life. It is used in reading to show how differences in education can impact later life outcomes like income and wealth.
structures of Berkeley High Sch~l cqptribute to the reproduction qf racial and social class-based inequality at the school.
It is the elements that make or constitute something. In the context of the reading, the term refers to operations/procedures such as teacher assignment, course selection, placement, and resource allocation.
computerization,
It is the digitalization of analog/traditional ways of doing things. The article uses the term to point to employment shifts that resulted from the computerization of manufacturing processes and office tasks.
computerization,
It is the digitalization of analog/traditional ways of doing things. The article uses the term to point to employment shifts that resulted from the computerization of manufacturing processes and office tasks.
parental oversight
It is the supervision of a parent. In the context of education, parental oversight can refer to parents’ involvement in monitoring what their children do in school or how they undertake matters relating to their education. An example is ensuring a child does their homework.
pie-in-the-sky
Describes something that is pleasant to contemplate but is very unlikely to be realized. The author uses the phrase to show shuttered hopes that once glittered or unattained goals due to a certain predicament.
formal education.
It is a type of teaching/learning method characterized by systemic structures and curriculum. The term is used to distinguish the different types of education that exist. For instance, formal education is principally different from apprenticeship.
formal education.
It is a type of teaching/learning method characterized by systemic structures and curriculum. The term is used to distinguish the different types of education that exist. For instance, formal education is principally different from apprenticeship.
blue-collar jobs
A type of job class primarily characterized by manual labor. Blue-collar worker refers to workers who engage in hard manual labor, typically agriculture, manufacturing, construction, mining, or maintenance. It originates from the common appearance of a manual worker's attire: blue jeans, overalls, or boiler suits. Used to allude to various job types stemming from different education levels/backgrounds.
devolution of authority—the transfer of power from the federal government to the states, from states to localities, and from the public to the private sector.
It is the decentralization of public/government power. The author uses the term to construct the power hierarchy of school policies, funding/resources, accessibility, etc.
social mobility
The ability of a person to traverse various social classes – often vertically. Used to reiterate the importance of education in society and what it can achieve.
social mobility
The ability of a person to traverse various social classes – often vertically. Used to reiterate the importance of education in society and what it can achieve.
Then focus on per-pupil expenditure, even in poor districts. You will find that families, including poor city families, receive benefits worth much more than they have contributed.
It is the measure of the total expenditure of education providers within a region divided by the total number of active students. Through the article, the term is used to measure how wealth polarities and demographic differences impact the cost of education.
public purpose is egalitarian in fact reproduce inequality.
Resonating with the concept that equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities. In the article, it is demonstrated how institutions built under egalitarian ultimately result in equality.
Welfare is the most despised public institution in America. Public education is the most iconic
The state of doing well, often on matters of social issues like contentment, happiness, safety, etc. It is used in the context of education to generally measure well-being in education matters.