separation of mother and pups, dog bites, disease transmission, vehicle strikes, commercially hunted in past

yay success, but decline was caused entirely by us too

even though harbor seals are protected by national law, still conflicts even at the very local level because people value their own wants. although in this case majority of public did support mayor decision to close down public beach after multiple incidents of seals being abused

especially harmed by these because of life history traits of late reproduction, few offspring, parental care. what happens to parents? what happens to babies? adults and young both essential to recovery

possible, but very rare, success stories marketed and spread but are the rare minority

people lower standards over time as to what is acceptable or which goals are attainable, how to foster public support? how to get them invested again? tendency to get disinterested, less invested, less hopeful

heavy human interventions needed to absolve heavy human impact-- is it enough? have these not been successful?

steady decline due to human activity, decided it is necessary for human intervention before extinction because of increasing rates of decline

fail in captivity, necessary for them to survive in wild, but populations are holding on despite low numbers, raising some hope for recovery

lots of care taken to assemble expert team, subgroups, conferences attended, tried to be insightful and inclusive of possible successful strategies

innocent animals suffering from illicit human activities humans profit heavily, 10k per swim bladder, no benefit for vaquita

birds currently suffering avoidable deaths due to offshore wind interventions that they get tangled up and die in

population already being reduced and now reproduction is made harder by the fact that nesting habitats are disappearing, less available land, harder to lay young

inc temp disrupting the trophic levels, very bad consequences when one species population size drastically changes

hundreds of thousands dead due to another human impact, sea birds very well suited to living at sea are drowning unnaturally due to human fishing as bycatch

plastic and oil spills entirely human made but birds are facing effects; often lethal, and even if not, birds suffer sublethal effects. oil also affects their ability to move freely and float, alters available food and habitat

affects their diet and surroundings; plastic oil and discarded fishing gear pose threats to young turtles

2/3 here from human impact; beach compaction makes it hard for them to dig down (we have altered their env), human pets pose disturbance to turtles and may disturb young or eat eggs

pets of humans pose a threat to turtles, pollution on beaches also affects sea turtle frenzy to shore, artificial light sources may affect their journey to sea

female bias created due to global warming due to increased emissions due to humans. means sex imbalance for turtles

nesting stage: impacts before they are even born, rising sea levels due to climate change, human disturbance in terms of light, noise, pollution, and also by directly removing eggs and turtles

model graphically the fundamentally different approaches in survivorship and what the approach of getting the most surviving offspring is: quality or quantity

fundamentally different r- and k-selected species and although populations themselves may have a mix of both types of traits, can generally ascribe traits to be r- or k- selected (for example, many offspring is an r-selected trait)

also dependent on time, date, place, env, what is available, what should i save, what should i use, should energy go to self or offspring

specific to each population as they occupy different niches; environment-dependent and condition-dependent shows that these traits are tailored to specific env

goal over evolutionary time = maximize fitness aka survival and reproduction using trade-offs

very unique way of maintaining performance of critical brain and eyes; swordfish and marlin have heating system in extra ocular muscle which guarantees functioning of brain and eyes

diff organisms have adapted in diff ways for same end of reducing drags. seen in difference of pectoral flipper oscillation (pinnipeds), caudal oscillation (fish) for fast movement, even pelvic rowing by some sea ducks

have adapted brain-heart-lung machine as part of the dive response to deal with possible "bends"

reduce cardiac output and conserve O2 for essential tissues in response to more resource limited and extreme environments

broader thermoneutral zone means broader range in which organisms can eat reproduce survive

constant temp means energy allocated for other things

deal with challenges because limited energy for limited functions per organism reduce drag = reduce energy spent on movement control temp = more freedom to occupy wider range deal with pressure/lack of oxygen when diving = allows more feeding and aids survival

move more efficiently = conserve energy because limited energy means limited processes

reducing energy spent on movement means more efficiency overall in survival