- Apr 2025
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online.saddleback.edu online.saddleback.edu
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because highly competitive U.S. firms often sell goods abroad through their foreign subsidiaries rather than exporting them from the United States.
HAAhaha
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americainclass.org americainclass.org
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National Humanities Center Second Continental Congress, Declaration of Independence, 1776
SUMMARY: the colonists desperately wanted a way to control the government. this is obvious. but as America diversified and democracy strengthened, a monarchy was no longer an effective governing tool. A distinct American culture was emerging, that paralleled global antimonarchy sentiment. "The People" were realizing that they were entirely capable of ruling themselves. however, at the time, a monarch was given rule simply because he was there. just because he WAS. is this not the same justification for capitalism? it works because it has structured the global economy, and the global economy structures the world so we need capitalism to make it function. its this kind of self fulfilling prophecy.
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He is at this time transporting large Armies offoreign Mercenaries to compleat the works ofdeath, desolation and tyranny, already begun withcircumstances of Cruelty & perfidy [treachery]scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, andtotally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation
this sentence is interesting because it can be both PRO and ANTI war. the invasion of the middle east by the US could be interpreted as desolation and tyranny so why would we do that? but then it only applies to US citizens? so then are they really inalienable?
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For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried forpretended offences
however, it is ok to transport shiploads of people from Africa to be subjugated for pretended reasons?
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He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone,for the tenure of their offices, and the amount andpayment of their salaries
the colonists desperately wanted to wrestle control from the Kings incompetent hands in any way they could.
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, for the solepurpose of fatiguing them into compliance with hismeasures
this speaks to a much larger social shift in American culture. People no longer believed they NEEDED a king; he was ineffective and so far away. the strength of his imagined rule had diminished, and his only imagination in the eye of the people was one of mistrust and hatred.
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The British officials feared large legislative bodies asparochial and democratic, so they sought to restrict theirgrowth
well of course they did, they believed in the monarchy and divine rule. anything else was inconceivable.
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and when so suspended, he has utterlyneglected to attend to them
people deserve a right to be governed effectively. and what does that mean for incompetence? doctors can be sued for malpractice, regardless of its intention.
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The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeatedinjuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny
definition of a tyrant? this document as with all political documents are a relic of their time. definitions of tyranny change. i wonder how the founding fathers would view the US today.
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Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should notbe changed for light and transient causes
how do you actually define prudence when you get down to it; and to what ends can you change the governemnt.
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it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve thepolitical bands
is it necessary to dissolve our political bands now? they are keeping us separate and fighting amongst ourselves
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- Mar 2025
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www.laphamsquarterly.org www.laphamsquarterly.org
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Women, for instance,
also men for instance
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www.laphamsquarterly.org www.laphamsquarterly.org
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Given the centrality of white violence to upholding apartheid, it is important not to pathologize black violence
right, because it is just a result of a system that is designed to oppress individual groups. Revolution is the language of the oppressed.
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Undereducated, unemployed, and otherwise idle, they saw violence as a form of agency.
white people probably beat the black people as a form of agency. Violence in opressive regimes is usually not just one sided, just asymmetric. and people just seem so committed to get revenge.
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He remained an unpredictable and volatile presence who attacked other prison guards and continued to engage in criminal activities.
Nongoloza could see how disingenuous this move from the guards was. He immediately gives some BS answer ("lost his footing on the softer ground of sympathy") and then just terrorized the guards from the inside. In other words, his disingenuity was a direct result of the guards'. The language of the oppressed often is just a mirror of the oppressors'.
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with dialogue and lashing with listenin
Too little too late. Nongoloza is not going to change his perception of the guards just because they switch up his treatment. Must start with persuasion. Cannot coerce first and the persuade because then it is obviously disingenuous.
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Democracy is the fig leaf of elitism.
elitism is the embarrassing secret that democracy hides?
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he no longer trusted white people.
the so called "class war" and the "race war": are tightly intertwined. I am a white guy talking about this, but I do believe that the race war is often wrongly prioritized over the class war. Even though this white guy was his boss, they are still in a very similar economic position. There is a million other factors that influence this point, but largely, the problems that face minorities are often compounded by economic ones. Increasing the well being of the lower classes would ALSO increase the well being of minorities because they are doubly impacted by both racial and economic hardship.
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an act of vigilante “justice” in which a burning tire was hung around the neck of a suspected apartheid spy
"righteous" violence often goes too far. It is easy to lose your grip on violence tendencies. Is it part of human nature to have this limitless anger that we seemingly cant control? Why is it so easy for us to get carried away?
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They had their eyes on the future—and violence seemed like a short-term strategy at best.
Violence is instant gratification, cooperation is delayed gratification
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reluctant soldier.
why? what makes a soldier truly ready to die for their cause? to become a martyr?
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umbrella group
this is what is holding us back in the US. the fact that we don't have an umbrella group to actually represent the lower in the class war. Culture war has made people increasingly divided and a unified coalition cannot emerge because people MUST have their specific interest met or else they will lose interest. There is no semblance of solidarity or patience within US politics. It is an all or nothing mindset.
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hootings radicalized a generation of black South African youth.
violence is the language of both oppressors and the oppressed. however this violence is often framed as "revolutionizing" or "senseless" depending on the context. Radicalization following senseless violence leads to a revolutionary spirit within the oppressed. Afghan fighters are radicalized by the senseless violence committed by US soldiers.
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- Jan 2025
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aeon.co aeon.co
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solitude
solitude is defined as a chosen loneliness? one where someone is not alone with just their thoughts, they are preoccupied with something else.
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Even the mere reading of a book, she says requires some degree of isolation
but it is different because one is not alone with their thoughts, they are with someone elses?
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Ideology and Terror’ to Origins in 1958, the tenor of the work changed.
ideology is the only way terror within society is formed. ideology often demonizes the other side and exists ONLY in opposition to another. similar to false dichotomy in the axiom of morality?
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underlying their own statements, to be accepted as gospel truth.’
"everything that comes out of trumps mouth is the truth"
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political parties as interest-group ideologies.
this speaks to the MAGA party? perhaps they dont really have an ideology even though. they just hang on every word that trump says.
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Arendt thought the experience of loneliness itself had changed under conditions of totalitarianism:
because it has weaponized loneliness?
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For her, it was both something that could be done and something that was experienced.
is this why it is kind of hard to describe with language?
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secular feelings of alienation.
secularity is associated with selfishness here if the axiom of morality is applied. so society started to move more towards selfishness, and by extension capitalism, as religion began to "fall out of fashion"
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crystallise occasional loneliness into a permanent state of being
this speaks to the axiom of morality. a state that humanity oscillates between. one cannot have togetherness without loneliness, in the same way that selfishness cannot exist without altruism. capitalism has crystalized selfishness into a permanent state of being.
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‘And the Lord God said, “It is not good that man is alone; I shall make him a helpmate opposite him.”
aside from purely being a sin, loneliness is also not necessarily as enjoyable or productive. togetherness and community also serve a utilitarian purpose for humanity's survival and general wellbeing.
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loneliness was often evoked in sermons to frighten churchgoers from sin
too far away from gods light. but why were they afraid of people straying from gods light. shouldn't they be able to find him in true loneliness?
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Read on this book, that show of such an exercise may colour your loneliness
instead she should read her prayer book so nobody thinks she is thinking too hard. loneliness was seen as a bad thing. an evil thing. because one might think and contemplate on their place within society. is this perhaps because in the 1600s, society was largely controlled by religion. If people started to think too hard about something other than the bible, the church might lose its influence on society.
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Language fails to capture loneliness because loneliness is a universal term that applies to a particular experience.
everyone feels a different way about being alone. Everyone likes or dislikes it to a different degree.
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One wallows in loneliness, while the other tries to do away with it altogether.
longing for companionship versus attempting to find companionship within?
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But, as Arendt knew, loneliness is a part of the human condition.
speaks to the intrinsic duality in modern morality between, in this case, loneliness (individuality) juxtaposed with (collectivity) companionship. One needs to have some time by themselves to enjoy the time they have with others.
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- Sep 2024
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classics.mit.edu classics.mit.edu
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Now, can there be a worse disgrace than this- that I should be thought to value money more than the life of a friend
Crito fears the disgrace of his memory and the way he treated his friends. Rumor is the greatest evil in tarnishing a mans reputation. Especially Posthumously
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But do you see. Socrates, that the opinion of the many must be regarded, as is evident in your own case, because they can do the very greatest evil to anyone who has lost their good opinion?
The opinions of many are not influenced by true intentions of the criticized. The Greatest Evil in this instance is the tarnishing of one's reputation by the many.
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theanarchistlibrary.org theanarchistlibrary.org
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“When ignorance reigns in society and disorder in the minds of men, laws are multiplied, legislation is expected to do everything, and each fresh law being a fresh miscalculation, men are continually led to demand from it what can proceed only from themselves, from their own education and their own morality.” It is no revolutionist who says this, nor even a reformer. It is the jurist, [Joseph] Dallois, author of the Collection of French law known as “Repertoire de la Legislation.” And yet, though these lines were written by a man who was himself a maker and admirer of law, they perfectly represent the abnormal condition of our society.
people in society are confused, uneducated, or lack a sense of morality, governments create more and more laws to try to fix everything. However, each new law ends up being a mistake because laws can't solve the deeper problems that come from people themselves—like their need for better education and stronger values. The quote is saying that laws are not the answer to everything, and real change has to come from individuals improving themselves, not just from making more rules. Even though this idea comes from someone who was involved in creating laws, it still highlights the problems in society where too much is expected from laws.
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www.gutenberg.org www.gutenberg.org
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Hence it is evident that a city is a natural production, and that man is naturally a political animal,
politics is simply the transfer/organization of powers between different people. the organization of the family unit proves that man is a naturally political animal
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every city must be allowed to be the work of nature, if we admit that the original society between male and female is; for to this as their end all subordinate societies tend, and the end of everything is
every city/organization of society is built on the assumption of natural organization between families. this is how they function properly
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that the gods themselves are subject to kingly government,
the gods themselves are a reflection of societies stratification
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"First a house, then a wife, then an ox for the plough," for the poor man has always an ox before a household slave.
living quarters, reproduction, something to do labor. these are the fundamental tenets of societies organization.
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but for every particular purpose she has her separate instruments, and thus her ends are most complete, for whatsoever is employed on one subject only, brings that one to much greater perfection than when employed on many;
women and slaves both fulfil a purpose in society. but that purpose is different. woman's purpose in society is to obey natural laws and reproduce.
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whence it follows that the different state of master [1252b] and slave is equally advantageous to both.
it is equally advantageous relationship for both slave and master. master relies on slave labor: slave relies on master to be told what to do???
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It is also from natural causes that some beings command and others obey, that each may obtain their mutual safety;
it is human nature for some people to be designated as leaders. leaders are inherent to human society
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he would then as in others have the subject perfectly before him; and perceive, in the first place, that it is requisite that those should be joined together whose species cannot exist without each other, as the male and the female
first unit of organization is the familial unit. marked by human nature to reproduce through male and female.
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so that with them a herile government is one composed of a very few, a domestic of more, a civil and a regal of still more, as if there was no difference between a large family and a small city, or that a regal government and a political one are the same, only that in the one a single person is continually at the head of public affairs;
different bodies/structures of government differentiate themselves by the group of people/amt of people who reside at the top
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Now this is called a city, and the society thereof a political society; for those who think that the principles of a political, a regal, a family, and a herile government are the same are mistaken, while they suppose that each of these differ in the numbers to whom their power extends,
aristotle does not think that the principles of a family, society, etc. are the same.
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it is evident that this is the principle upon which they are every one founded,
cities are created on the basis of this supposed good purpose of coming together
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or an apparent [Bekker 1252a] good is the spring of all human actions;
"good" is inherent to human nature. organization and social stratification is an extension of that good.
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that each member of the state has in his turn a share in the government, and is at one time a magistrate, at another a private person, according to the rules of political science
a city is different from a family. cities have an everchanging center of control wherein a family has a permanent head of the household constituted by humans natural instincts.
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