diffidence

an’t pop’lar

makes ‘em quite unfit for service sometimes.

onpleasant

“Ay, ay! women always say such things, cause they ha’nt no sort of calculation. Just show ‘em how many watches, feathers, and trinkets, one’s weight in gold would buy, and that alters the case, I reckon.”

“Mr. Haley, she is not to be sold,”

perceptible

fling in that chap, and I’ll settle the business

imperturbable

doleful

wild, grotesque songs

There was something in his appearance remarkably beautiful and engaging.

“Hulloa, Jim Crow!” said Mr. Shelby, whistling, and snapping a bunch of raisins towards him, “pick that up, now!”

I don’t like parting with any of my hands

leetle

jocularly;

I am sorry to part with Tom, I must say. You ought to let him cover the whole balance of the debt; and you would, Haley, if you had any conscience.”

‘Ah, master trusted me, and I couldn’t,’

‘I trust you, because I think you’re a Christian—I know you wouldn’t cheat.’

valeyable

to hear that critter pray; and he was quite gentle and quiet like.

I’ve trusted him, since then, with everything I have,—money, house, horses,—and let him come and go round the country; and I always found him true and square in everything.”

“You mean honest, as niggers go,”

His conversation was in free and easy defiance of Murray’s Grammar,

ardor

One of the parties, however, when critically examined, did not seem, strictly speaking, to come under the species.

denizen

are always people of the black race.

that they can bear more different climates than the white race

approbation

worthy gentlemen,

sinews

verdant

gussub

And the introduction of the zigzag, or "Virginia Worm Fence," is purely of African origin.

1620

rivulet

anterior

John Hawkins, an unprincipled Englishman—whose name should be branded with infamy—was the first person known to have engaged in so inhuman a traffic, and that living monster his mistress, Queen Elizabeth, engaged with him and shared in the profits.

millet

have been surprised at the seeming state of civilization and evidences of industry among the inhabitants of that vast country.

Their interest being the country's, and the interest of the country being the interest of the people; therefore, the protection of their own interests necessarily protects the interests of the whole country and people.

THE UNITED STATES OUR COUNTRY

We have no reference to ancient times—we speak of modern things.

What is necessary to be done, in order to attain an equality, is to change the condition, and the person is at once changed.

mantua-maker

drudgery

cupolas

Cast our eyes about us and reflect for a moment, and what do we behold! every thing that presents to view gives evidence of the skill of the white man. Should we purchase a pound of groceries, a yard of linen, a vessel of crockery-ware, a piece of furniture, the very provisions that we eat,—all, all are the products of the white man, purchased by us from the white man, consequently, our earnings and means, are all given to the white man.

There is such a thing as inferiority of things, and positions; at least society has made them so; and while we continue to live among men, we must agree to all just measures—all those we mean, that do not necessarily infringe on the rights of others.

that the practical application of principles adduced, the thing carried out, is the only true and proper course to pursue.

and none so poor and miserable as they

Otherwise than this, it is useless to expect any thing

Mahomedans

two-thirds are colored, from black, tending in complexion to the olive or that of the Chinese,

He who travels to be amused, or to get somewhat which he does not carry, travels away from himself, and grows old even in youth among old things.

When a man lives with God, his voice shall be as sweet as the murmur of the brook and the rustle of the corn.

mouldered

sycophantic

sycophantic

mendicant

Society is a joint-stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater.

Lethe

eclat

eminent

“Ne te quaesiveris extra.”

quahaug

A child said What is the grass?

I contain multitudes

I know perfectly well my own egotism,

Eleves, I salute you! come forward! Continue your annotations, continue your questionings.

repartee

kelson

abase

I have no mockings or arguments, I witness and wait.

hearty and clean,

equanimity

To elaborate is no avail, learn’d and unlearn’d feel that it is so.

There was never any more inception than there is now, Nor any more youth or age than there is now, And will never be any more perfection than there is now, Nor any more heaven or hell than there is now.

The smoke of my own breath, Echoes, ripples, buzz’d whispers, love-root, silk-thread, crotch and vine, My respiration and inspiration, the beating of my heart, the passing of blood and air through my lungs, The sniff of green leaves and dry leaves, and of the shore and dark-color’d sea-rocks, and of hay in the barn, The sound of the belch’d words of my voice loos’d to the eddies of the wind, A few light kisses, a few embraces, a reaching around of arms, The play of shine and shade on the trees as the supple boughs wag, The delight alone or in the rush of the streets, or along the fields and hill-sides, The feeling of health, the full-noon trill, the song of me rising from bed and meeting the sun.

I am mad for it to be in contact with me.

original energy.

Born here of parents born here from parents the same,

atom

yet we must perish, perish like wild beasts, included within a ring of fire!

Oh, virtue! is this all the reward thou hast to confer on thy votaries? Either thou art only a chimera, or thou art a timid useless being

pusillanimous

or rather tired with feeling for the miseries of others,

forces me to take up arms against her.

precipices

Pello

Laplander.

There I heard that the reason for this slave being thus punished, was on account of his having killed the overseer of the plantation.

horrid to think and painful to repeat

preponderates

Where do you conceive then that nature intended we should be happy?

This reward, simple and natural as one would conceive it, would border on humanity;

Their ears by habit are become deaf, their hearts are hardened; they neither see, hear, nor feel for the woes of their poor slaves, from whose painful labours all their wealth proceeds.

no plantation is secured, no title is good, no will is valid, but what they dictate, regulate, and approve

abstemious,

valetudinarians

Time will efface those stains: in proportion as the great body of population approaches them they will reform, and become polished and subordinate.

rapacity

licentious

moroseness

fecundity

tillage

What religious education will they give their children? A very imperfect one.

cabal

proselytes

it is now purged, a general decency of manners prevails throughout, and such has been the fate of our best countries.

litigiousness

The American is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, penury, and useless labour, he has passed to toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence.--This is an American.

abbot,

Ubi panis ibi patria

There never was a people, situated as they are, who with so ungrateful a soil have done more in so short a time.

penury

Who can tell how far it extends? Who can tell the millions of men whom it will feed and contain? for no European foot has as yet travelled half the extent of this mighty continent!

we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.

They brought along with them their national genius, to which they principally owe what liberty they enjoy, and what substance they possess. Here he sees the industry of his native country displayed in a new manner, and traces in their works the embryos of all the arts, sciences, and ingenuity which nourish in Europe. Here he beholds fair cities, substantial villages, extensive fields, an immense country filled with decent houses, good roads, orchards, meadows, and bridges, where an hundred years ago all was wild, woody, and uncultivated! What a train of pleasing ideas this fair spectacle must suggest; it is a prospect which must inspire a good citizen with the most heartfelt pleasure. The difficulty consists in the manner of viewing so extensive a scene. He is arrived on a new continent; a modern society offers itself to his contemplation, different from what he had hitherto seen.

he must necessarily feel a share of national pride, when he views the chain of settlements which embellishes these extended shores.

as we make our voices heard in a public context.

American literature is ever-changing.

class writings

How can we possibly define American literature without comprehending the fragility, complexity, and pride that accompanies such a term?

It provides insight into what has happened in the past, while also giving students the tools to think critically about what’s happening within the field of American literature in the present.

In this way, this anthology is relevant to students today.

(such as films and other references).

framing the texts in new and provocative ways that fit the modern age.

What is the difference between American literature and American history?

�ople are ge�erous to eachotfiff> wit6t little they �re

The inhabitants of all these parts go naked

great hunger reigned in most baoses while we resided there, _it being a time of repeated deaths

e parents set off the wails each day before dawn, again at noon, and at sunset, for one year. The funeral rites occur when the year of mourning is up. Following these rites

welt among, as we 1 as any other matters I could hear of o serve.

But my counsel and constancy availed nothing toward those objectives we set r v{ out to gain, in your interests, for our sins. In fact, no other of the many armed expeditions into those parts has found itself in such dire straits as ours, or com� to so futile and fatal a conclusion.

The itinerary of Ca�Yaca's North '�American odyssey was long and involved.

hurrica11e.

--Iispaniol

Floridia expedition

Cabeza de Vaca went off to the wars in Ital he later was to say that the American n ians o exas were as shrewd in battle "as if they had ��ared in Italy in continual feuds"

But the unjust judges did nothing to stop it. For all the Indi-ans of these islands are known to be great swimmers.

consumed

labo

these pearl dive. eris wit the oly sacraments.

can kill, ea , an swallow a whole marl.

�_::-.Sh

They come 'to the surface with a netted bag of these oysters where a Span-ish torturer is waiting in a canoe or skiff, and if the pearl diver shows signs %'�of wanting to rest, he is showered with blows, his hair is pulled, and he is \ v t,.A ,___,.._ thrown back mto the water, obliged to continue the hard work of1�aring v out the oysters and bringing them a ai ~ sur

r�n for many minutes without br�yg

minin of ol

__!�e,

fathers from sons, wives from husban s,

terward,--when-t·rk on the island of Hispaniola, it is heart-)freaking to see those naked In�ians, heartbrea dng or anyon · �-� Y-tige of piety, the famished state they are in, fainting and falling down, weaKj>1,�11""'1 from hun er-·men. women, old people, and children.

slay a hundred Indians.

With still others, all those they wanted to capture alive, they cut off their hanas and hung them rounatne v1ctim's.._ne_cik_,_saying "Go now, carry the message,,, meaning1 Take the news to the Indians who havetled to the mountams

stringing up their victims. in lots of thirteen, in memory of Our Redeemer �" l., and His twelve.Apostles,

r . 01 ere, you off--\ �� sprmg o e· ev1

11ey took infants f!om ____ th>!_r mot�ers' _pr�as�,

cruelties aoainst them

The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies

the face of pressure from the s

And I sol­emnly swear that if they have not done so it is the fault of the Christians.

bestowed nothing on anyone.

This sentiment roused our countrymen's jealousy

custom bound them.

After this we had a hot argument with them, for they meant to ake �laves _)of the lnciians in our ram.

N� matter what the disaffection, th�y do not_ resort to bows and arrows.

�

Those who have children never abandon their wives.

We asked why they thus pro­longed the nursing period, and · that the poverty of the land fre­quen y mean -as we witnessed-oin two or ffiree da s with ting� sometimes · our; 1 c 1 ren were not allowed to suckle in seasons of scarcity, those who did not famish would be weaklings.

eir wives ro111 e 1me ey are 1sc�v o after giving b · · -

Our hosts felt quite uneasy at this and pressed us warmly to stay. In the midst of t eir weep� ing we lefrthe

�sic

Two-womefi-:wJ:io·were W::rlking-in-the--'!..forest" with some b_9ys fled-aeep into it in fright to call their men, when they noticed �;-heading ( or the houses. The men arrived and hid behind trees to look at us. We calleg_ ·--tQJ_hem, and they came up very timidly.

Rain caught us

Eating the dogs seemed to give us strength enough to go forward

when they do not, theyget too pinched with hunger.

shed our skins twice a year like snakes.

oug to say tha

We always went nakedlike them �d covered ourselves at mght with deerskins.

egio

VAVARES

roviding what is eaten:_

hunting or catches in fishing to the house of her father, without daring to eat or to withhold any part of it, and the husband gets provided by female carrier from his father-in-law's house

em very mildl

?'J�.....1--11't"'_t-.--rf.TI.:r---m;1n:e enclofFeb

�YOF

n, is of no tri

American Indian policy,

acerbically

"Christian slavers,

clumsy "barges" and retreating.!_o the sea.

barges

Narvaez took possession of Florida while the inhabitants of Sarasota Bay (probably Calusa Indians) made "many signs and threats [that] left little doubt that they were bidding us to go.

Against Cabeza de Vac 's advice, Narva�z sent the shi s farther along the shore in search of a rumored ort

/XLVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE VACA

Lucayan

se do-gs or monster rs ecies.