6 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2024
    1. to some he beat out their brains, to others he crushed their arms, battered their legs, and bethwacked their sides till their ribs cracked with it. To others again he unjointed the spondyles or knuckles of the neck, disfigured their chaps, gashed their faces, made their cheeks hang flapping on their chin, and so swinged and balammed them that they fell down before him like hay before a mower. To some others he spoiled the frame of their kidneys, marred their backs, broke their thigh-bones, pashed in their noses, poached out their eyes, cleft their mandibles, tore their jaws, dung in their teeth into their throat, shook asunder their omoplates or shoulder-blades, sphacelated their shins, mortified their shanks, inflamed their ankles, heaved off of the hinges their ishies, their sciatica or hip-gout, dislocated the joints of their knees, squattered into pieces the boughts or pestles of their thighs, and so thumped, mauled and belaboured them everywhere, that never was corn so thick and threefold threshed upon by ploughmen’s flails as were the pitifully disjointed members of their mangled bodies under the merciless baton of the cross.

      Rabelias's highly descriptive depiction of what the monk is doing to their bodies showcases his background in medicine and his knowledge of anatomy. In this instance, he uses his anatomical knowledge to enhance the scene and to bring a comedic absurdity to the situation. Williams explains that Rabelias uses his medical background to make jokes from mutilation, sickness, and horrific deaths. Williams states, "The learned language of the anatomist allows Rabelais to use dissection as a type of palliative for the reader. The focus on the minutiae of the body's internal structures, which these piece-by-piece itineraries create, deflects attention away from a view of the body as a coherent whole and thus leads to the victims being seen as something less than the sum of their constituent parts (673). This brings readers away from the horrors of what is actually happening and allows them to laugh at the absurdity of the dismemberments. This could have only been achieved by someone who knew extensively about the human body. Rabelais's prior experience as a doctor shaped the way he wrote comedy and allowed him to find humor in the most disgusting and horrific things.

      Williams, Alison. “Sick Humour, Healthy Laughter: The Use of Medicine in Rabelais’s Jokes.” The Modern Language Review, vol. 101, no. 3, 2006, pp. 671–81. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/20466901. Accessed 28 Mar. 2024.

    2. Julius Caesar’s horse,

      Julius Caesar's horse was named Asturcone and is one of the most popular horses in history. Rabelais uses a comparison between the mare and Caesar's horse to paint a picture of the mare's unusual features. He says that her feet are "cloven into fingers," which is a reference to Asturcone's unique cleft hoof. Rabelais uses many reference to illustrate the strangeness of this mare, including references to the goats in Languedoc and the "steeple-pillar of St.Mark." Not only does this give a vivid description of the mare, it also gives it a comedic effect to be compared to such things.

      Eddy. “Horses in History.” Harrison Horse Care, 19 Dec. 2023, www.harrisonhorsecare.com/en/blog/horses-in-history/#:~:text=Austurcone%2C%20the%20horse%20of%20Julius%20Caesar&text=In%20the%20%E2%80%9CLives%20of%20the,become%20lord%20of%20the%20world.

    1. he turned to the mound and walked round it, questioning with himself what it might be. It had a hole at the end and at either side, and was overgrown with clumps of grass, and it was hollow within as an old cave or the crevice of a crag; he knew not what it might be. “Ah,” quoth Gawain, “can this be the Green Chapel?

      As Gawain takes in his surroundings, he is confused because he doesn't see features that are associated with a chapel. Even so, as he stares at a place that looks very ominous, he connects it to possibly being the Green Chapel. Carson states that "chapel" derives from the word "chapler", which means "to cut down" (599). Carson also states that, "The twelfth century chapel has, then, not only the meanings of heavy blows and carnage, but more significantly, that of the place where they are given and where the slaying is accomplished" (600). The sinister undertones of the meeting were set up with the first mention of the "Green Chapel." We can assume that in this moment, both Gawain and the reader are wary of the treacherous meeting that is about to occur with the Green Knight.

      Angela Carson. “The Green Chapel: Its Meaning and Its Function.” Studies in Philology, vol. 60, no. 4, 1963, pp. 598–605. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4173436. Accessed 9 Mar. 2024.

    2. Lucan the Good

      Sir Lucan the Good was one of the Knights of the Round Table in Arthurian legend. His position in the Royal Household was that of the Royal Butler. He remained loyal to King Arthur until his death, where he was wounded trying to save a dying King Arthur. Lucan is associated with symbols of honor and loyalty, which are entrenched in the design of his shield.

      https://nightbringer.se/the-legend-of-king-arthur/arthurian-characters/l-arthurian-characters/lucan-the-butler/

  2. Feb 2024
    1. O Indian Prince! of him whose feet are set On that fair path which leads to heavenly birth! Deceitfulness, and arrogance, and pride, Quickness to anger, harsh and evil speech, And ignorance, to its own darkness blind,– These be the signs, My Prince! of him whose birth Is fated for the regions of the vile.

      Here Krishna is explaining how those who are wicked and evil are fated to be reincarnated into terrible circumstances. This is the concept of Karma. Mathur explains, "the doctrine of karma holds that just as there is a natural order where nothing happens without an adequate cause, in the same way there is a moral order in which no person can escape the consequences of one's actions" (38). In this instance, the moral actions of being arrogant, quick to anger, and harsh makes it so that you are punished with a horrible birth in your next life. It is God who decides if you have lived a good or evil life and whether you deserve a heavenly or vile birth.

      Mathur, D. C. “The Concept of Action in the Bhagvad-Gita.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 35, no. 1, 1974, pp. 34–45. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2106599. Accessed 3 Feb. 2024.

    2. Behold! this is the Universe!–Look! what is live and dead I gather all in one–in Me! Gaze, as thy lips have said, On GOD ETERNAL, VERY GOD! See Me! see what thou prayest! Thou canst not!–nor, with human eyes, Arjuna! ever mayest! Therefore I give thee sense divine. Have other eyes, new light! And, look! This is My glory, unveiled to mortal sight!

      When Krishna reveals his true form to Arjuna, he is showing Arjuna how he is the universe itself and everything in it. Simply looking at him is far too great for any mortal to really see, so Krishna gives him divine eyes so he comprehend him in all his glory. Showing Arjuna his true, eternal form reinforces everything Krishna has been saying to Arjuna. All his teachings are backed up by his mere divine presence. Easwaran states that, "Within Krishna’s body, Arjuna sees the form of every object that has ever existed merged into one." This description seems impossible, but that is the true power of the divine. It is incomprehensible to human minds and is only possible because of the divinity of Krishna.

      Easwaran, Eknath. “Vishnu: The Bhagavad Gita and the True Form of God.” Shortform Books, 5 Feb. 2021, www.shortform.com/blog/vishnu-bhagavad-gita/.