Culture-bound syndromes are clinical presentation forms of symptoms that are culturallydistinctive
They are characterized by excessive nervousness and fear in social situations, and are particularly characterized by the fear to offend or harm others.
search in clinical populations has shown that some mentaldisorders present with distinct deficits in social cognitive abilities, for instance affective andpsychotic disorders
Research has shown that some mental disorders present with distinct deficits in social cognitive abilities, and that cultural neuroscience approaches can contribute critical information to what is already known about healthy individuals, both in terms of mind and behavior.
examine the relationship between cul-ture and cognition with renewed focus, using the theoreticaland methodological tools of cognitive psychology.
The relationship between culture and cognition has been explored by scholars over centuries. The new focus is to examine this relationship with the theoretical and methodological tools of cognitive psychology.
Hunt and Agnoli
believe that different languages influence cognition in distinct ways, and that biases in language can alter memory in distinct ways
Bartlett
Bartlett (1932) suggested that culture shapes the types of knowledge and facts that are learned by individuals. -there is a high value placed on their own nation's contributions to the war effort
cross-cultural
Cognitive psychology is interested in understanding the ways in which culture shapes the human mind, while cultural psychology is focused on understanding cross-cultural differences.
ocial psychology
We can see examples that explain cultural differences by using social psychology.
Prior papers
Prior papers have considered the integration of culture and cognition, this paper starts from a cognitive perspective, rather than a cultural one, and asks why cognitive psychology should care about culture.
the paper by Henrich et al.
The paper by Henrich et al. illustrated that cultural differences can occur across cultural groups, and that assumptions of the generalizability of findings to humankind are particularly true for samples recruited in the United States.
characteristics of the participants in studies, the backgroundand training of the scientists, and the geography of wherethe work is conducted are important aspects of the diversity
By having such a small participant pool being studied, you are decreasing the chance of making your results more generalizable to the rest of the country. The participants being from the same place effects research because they could all have the same perspectives and experiences. By including people from different backgrounds and cultures researchers can better ensure that their results are not being influenced by particular things. People should be taken from different parts of the globe; this would expand the research. By expanding the population, you could generate better finding’s which in turn leads to better validity within a bigger population size.
On the basic level of perception and categorization, finally, theinfluence exerted by culture remains rather subtle, but may bepervasive nonetheless. Here, our cognitive processor is trainedby the constant confrontation with information input—eitherdirectly from an environment shaped by cultural activities, orindirectly through the spectacles of a linguistic taxonomy. Whilethe latter has been subject to intense research and continuousdebate (reviewed in Enfield, 2015), the former has been largelyneglected, which is why even the hypotheses on how exactlyculture affects perception have remained speculative.
Our cognitive processing is constantly shaped by exposure to cultural information, either directly from our environment or indirectly through the lens of language. People have talked a lot about how the language we use affects the way we think. But not many people have paid as much attention to how the culture we live in and the things around us might also change the way we see and understand things.
A cognitive process closely linked to perception is attention,by which awareness is directed to some segments in the stream ofincoming signals.
This makes sense because when we pay attention to something, we are more likely to consciously perceive it. Attention can help us block out distracting stimuli which can be very important if we are trying to focus on one specific stimuli. *using attention as a filter