9 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2018
    1. Derivative[edit] The derivative for a curve of order n is B ′ ( t ) = n ∑ i = 0 n − 1 b i , n − 1 ( t ) ( P i + 1 − P i ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {B} '(t)=n\sum _{i=0}^{n-1}b_{i,n-1}(t)(\mathbf {P} _{i+1}-\mathbf {P} _{i})}

      $B(n, t) = \displaystyle \sum_{i=0}^n {n \choose i} (1-t)^{n-i}t^iP_i$ for points $Pi$, then $$\begin{align} B^{'}(n, t) &= \sum{i=0}^n {n \choose i}\left[i(1-t)^{n-i}t^{i-1} -(n-i)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^i \right]Pi \ &= \underbrace{\sum{i=0}^n {n \choose i}i(1-t)^{n-i}t^{i-1}Pi}{1^{st}\text{ term vanishes}} - \underbrace{\sum_{i=0}^n {n \choose i}(n-i)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^iPi}{n^{th}\text{ term vanishes}}\

      &= \sum_{i=1}^n {n \choose i}i(1-t)^{n-i}t^{i-1}Pi - \sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n \choose i}(n-i)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^iPi\ &= \sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n \choose i+1}(i+1)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^iP{i+1} - \sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n \choose i}(n-i)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^iPi\ &= n\sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n-1 \choose i}(1-t)^{(n-1)-i}t^iP{i+1} - n\sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n-1 \choose i}(1-t)^{(n-1)-i}t^iPi\ &= n\sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n-1 \choose i}(1-t)^{(n-1)-i}t^i(P_{i+1} - P_i) \end{align}$$

      which is equal to $nB(n-1, t)$ with points $\left(P_{i+1} - P_i\right)$

    1. Derivatives

      $B(n, t) = \displaystyle \sum_{i=0}^n {n \choose i} (1-t)^{n-i}t^iP_i$ for points $Pi$, then $$\begin{align} B^{'}(n, t) &= \sum{i=0}^n {n \choose i}\left[i(1-t)^{n-i}t^{i-1} -(n-i)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^i \right]Pi \ &= \underbrace{\sum{i=0}^n {n \choose i}i(1-t)^{n-i}t^{i-1}Pi}{1^{st}\text{ term vanishes}} - \underbrace{\sum_{i=0}^n {n \choose i}(n-i)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^iPi}{n^{th}\text{ term vanishes}}\

      &= \sum_{i=1}^n {n \choose i}i(1-t)^{n-i}t^{i-1}Pi - \sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n \choose i}(n-i)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^iPi\ &= \sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n \choose i+1}(i+1)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^iP{i+1} - \sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n \choose i}(n-i)(1-t)^{n-i-1}t^iPi\ &= n\sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n-1 \choose i}(1-t)^{(n-1)-i}t^iP{i+1} - n\sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n-1 \choose i}(1-t)^{(n-1)-i}t^iPi\ &= n\sum{i=0}^{n-1} {n-1 \choose i}(1-t)^{(n-1)-i}t^i(P_{i+1} - P_i) \end{align}$$

      which is equal to $nB(n-1, t)$ with points $\left(P_{i+1} - P_i\right)$

    2. We can implement curve splitting by bolting some extra logging onto the de Casteljau function:

      An important thing to bear in mind is that this algorithm is intended to run just 1 time by t value, it return control points for two sub curves cutted off at t percent.

    3. Bézier curves are polynomials of t, rather than x, with the value for t fixed being between 0 and 1, with coefficients a, b etc. taking the "binomial" form, which sounds fancy but is actually a pretty simple description for mixing values:

      Below are listed just the coefficients, refer to wikipedia page.

      Also bezier curves are just convex combinations of points.

    4. and we can add them to our original Bézier function:

      $$B^{n}(t) = P_x = \sum_{i=0}^n {n \choose i} (1-t)^{n-i}t^iP_i$$

      where $P_i$ are the control points and the extreme points.

    5. That looks complicated, but as it so happens, the "weights" are actually just the coordinate values we want our curve to have

      Just the previous annotation, with the only difference that here, the guy is splitting the point by coordinates, and my equation use the entire point.

  2. Apr 2017
    1. The Model

      This is rather amaizing, what the plot below suggest is that. if we center every data with zero mean. we can with high porbability get groups that perhaps not perfectly as the plot below, we'll get groups the like in the plot. Then assuming all of these groups share the same mean(which imply that by the plot, they can be traited as random samples, which mean that the share the same mean, by the best estimator for the mean). This implies that the properties listed below meet automatically if we apart from assuming that the mean is a linear function of x, we as well assume that these groups are random samples.