ned, "I have learned from experience that I need to keep writing a first draft until I figure out what I want to say. Then in a second draft, I begin to see the structure of an argument and how all the various sub-arguments which are buried beneath the surface of all those sentences ar

ies. They need to rely on their own internalized sense of good writing and to see their writing with their "own" eye

The experienced writers see their revision process as a recursive process—a process with significant recurring activities—with different levels of attention and different agenda for each cycle

oversomethingyou’vewrittenyourself.Doyouindicate“Sm)what?”and“whocares”?Ifnot,reviseyourtexttodoso.Yo

SEVEN‘SOWHAT?WHOCARES?”the“sowhat?”and“whocares?”questions.Probablysomedo,somedon’t.Whatdifferencedoesitmakewhethertheydoordonot?Howdotheauthorswhoanswerthesequestionsdoso?Dotheyuseanystrategiesortechniquesthatyoucouldborrowforyourownwriting?Arethereanystrategiesortechniquesrecommendedinthischapter,orthatyou’vefoundordevelopedonyourown,thatyou’drecommendtotheseauth

ntsusedtothinkspankingwasnecessatg.Butrecentt[orwithinthepastfewdecades)exertsuggestthatitçapcountei

asinglyobesewortd’inwhichweneedtopreventobesityfromdestroyingourhealth.”No

atGradyimplicitlysayshereis“Look,dearreader,youmaythinkthatthesequestionsaboutthenatureoffatcellsI’vebeenpursuinghavelittletodowitheverydaylife.Infact,however,thesequestionsareextremelyirnportant—particularI5inoLir‘increasinglyobesewortd’inwhichweneedtopreventobesityfromdestroyingourhealth.”NoticethatGrady’sphrase“inanincreasinglyworld”canbeadaptedasastrategicmovetoad

icanlitei-ature,sowhatifsomescholarsdisagreeaboutHuckFinn’srelationshipwiththerunawayslaveJiminIvtarkTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn?Whyshouldanyonebesidesafewspecialistsinthefieldcareaboutsuchdisputes?What,ifanything,hingesonthem?Thebestwaytoan

entistsLisedtothinkbodyfatandthecellsitwasmadeofwereprettymitchinert,justanoilystoragecomparttnenr.Butwi

owhat?”and“whocares?”questionsLifront.Noteveryonecanclaimtohaveacureforcancerorasolutiontoendpoverty.Butwriterswhofailtoshowthatothersshouldcareoralreadydocareabouttheirclaims‘illultimatelylosetheiraudiences

?Regardlessofhowinterestingatopicmayhetoyouasawriter,readersalwaysneedtoknowwhatisatstakeinatextandwhytheyshouldcare.Alltoooften,however,thesequestionsareleftunanswered—mainlybecausewritersandspeakersassumethataudienceswillknowtheanswersalreadyorwillfigurethemoutontheirown.Asaresult,studentscomeawayfromlecturesfeelinglikeotitsiderstowhatthey’vejustheard,jtistasmanyoftisfeellefthangingaftertalkswe’veattended.Theproblemisnotnecessarilythatthespeakerslackaclear,well-focusedthesisorthatthethesisisinadequatelysupportedwithevidence.Instead,theproblemisthatthespeakersdon’taddressthecrucialquestionofwhytheirargumentsmatter.Thatthisiestio

where you want the viewer’s eyes to look.