or anticipated consequences of actions (e.g., making a high grade on a test after studying hard)
I remember in school, the first time that I did poorly on a test that I studied really hard on it made me think that studying didn't help in the long run for tests. The anticipation of getting a good grade then getting a poor one really left a mark on my studying skills throughout the rest of my school career.
high self-efficacy for acquiring a skill or performing a task participate more readily
Within the first few days of class, teachers will be able to see which students have a high self-efficacy and who doesn't based on who attempts to participate and raise their hands early on in the school year.
Students who receive encouraging feedback from teachers may feel more personally efficacious and work harder to succeed
I believe that this is extremely important to note as future teachers. At an early age, positive feedback is going to work much more effectively than anything else. My fourth grade teacher was very strict on what we could write about in our writing time. Other teachers allowed more creativity than mine did so I think that tarnished my view of writing as a whole when I was younger.
teacher's mailbox, running an errand, or beingallowed to go to the library to do homework at the end of the class period
This can be used in an Elementary setting a lot. I worked at a summer camp for years and we used to give the kids that caused trouble when they aren't being watched "jobs" to do to keep them from going off on their own and creating chaos. This was extremely effective throughout my years of working with elementary level kids. They love to help adults and it makes them feel important.
lectures and recitation
This is especially shown when the young teachers in the schools only do PowerPoint presentations as their lectures. I know for many students, the bland screen with paragraph after paragraph on them does not help them grasp the material