Connectivism is a learning theory focussed on technology and achieved some traction in the early 2000s. However, arguably it isn’t a fully formed learning theory, and it has very little to say about how people learn using technology. Online Collaborative Learning theory (Harasim 2012), is a more recent constructivist theory which focuses on the use of technology “to increase and improve communication between teacher and learners” (Bates, 2015).

Harasim (2017) observes that in the field of online learning there is often an over-emphasis on training teachers in the use of specific tools and technologies, “but a theory-informed approach to transforming our educational practice remains elusive”.

Is the theory derived from research data or observations in an educational context?Does the theory have direct practical implications for teaching and learning [in the particular context in which you are working]?How realistic and practical are the suggestions?Can the aspects identified as affecting learning be readily changed [by the teacher]?Is the theory presented in clear language which is understandable to teachers?Will the theory spark off new ideas about teaching?

most educators have been “primarily concerned with directly applying teaching methods to classrooms and learning environments”.

It can come across as highly theoretical and detached from the practicalities of everyday teaching and learning”.

Schunk (2020) suggests that teachers need to ask the question ‘How does learning occur?’ and that whatever answer they come up with will inform lesson design, teaching practices and student activities. Ultimately, teachers use learning theories (consciously or not) and their related educational approaches and technologies to design, develop and deliver effective learning experiences.

Learning theories cannot provide complete and definitive answers to pedagogic questions, but they can improve our understanding of how people learn.

For Brown et al. (2014), learning means “acquiring knowledge and skills and having them readily available from memory so you can make sense of future problems and opportunities.”