Ethical Implcations

= TPTP+FN, = FPFP+TN where:

, ,

Computer Science

Accuracy metrics

F1 Score

I ensured a controlled sparsity level, making it comparable to real-world scenarios, weighted edges, where interactions had different levels of significance, mode attributes, incorporating demographic information, preferences, and past behaviors.

ChatGPT 4.0

Using the LLM to grade itself

Linting and Testing

generative artificial intelligence

artificial intelligence

[[29]][48]

Overview of Am.I.

My website has a good LCP scorce on the Homepage

LCP generally considers tags in HTML like or

While the second data set contains most of the same information except for five categories–which are block, atomic weight, specific heat capacity, abundance in the earth’s crust and origin–there are some addition categories that it contains. The first of this additional layer is the atomic mass which as mentioned above has to do with the weight of a single atom. The number of neutrons, protons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are the elements that make up the nucleus of an atom. The protons are positively charged while the electrons are negatively charged. The electrons orbit the nucleus. There are different methods of explaining the number of electrons. The most common way is that of the Bohr method was discovered in 1913 by a Danish scientist called Niels Bohr. However, though this method is simple and easy to understand it does a bad job of conveying the different orbital patterns of s, p, d and f.  It also poorly conveys how electrons move. The Bohr models would lead one to assume that the electrons only move in a circle while the different orbitals levels actually move in a certain shaped. In addition, these electrons do not take about a fixed space rather because of their speed often only a percentage of them can be found in the orbital paths at one time. This set of data tells is the element is radioactive, natural, metal, nonmetal, and metalloid. If one of these qualifications is true of the element then that layer of the flashcard has “yes” otherwise it just have “None”. The type tells us whether the element is a metal, nonmetal, metalloids or a noble gas. The atomic radius has to do with the size of the atom from the radius to its outer most edge. This will measure the greatest distance at which electrons are most likely to be found, because as mentioned previously they do not have fixed positions. The atomic radius is measured in picometers (pm). The first ionization has to do with measuring the amount of energy that is required to move an electron from an atom is its gas phase. First ionization is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol). Isotopes where mentioned and explained above when talking about atomic mass. An atom often has different isotopes which have the same number of protons and is there for the same element and has the same atomic number but different isotopes have different number of neutrons. The discoverer and year tell more about the atoms discovery. The number of shells is the same as the energy levels of an atom. Each shell has a certain number of electrons that it can hold. For example, n=1 can only hold 2 electrons. n=2 can hold up to 8 electrons. The number of electrons that a shell can hold can be calculated using the formula 2n^2 where n is the shell number. Finally, the valence electrons has to do with the number of electrons that are found on the outer shell of an atom. All the elements in the first group, which are the columns, have only one valance electron. While group 2 has two valence electrons. Groups 3 through 12 are the metalloids so their valence electrons are not as stable. Group 13 through 18’s valence electrons can be counted by their single digit number. For example group 13 has 3 valence electrons, group 14 have four valence electrons and so on. https://gist.github.com/GoodmanSciences/c2dd862cd38f21b0ad36b8f96b4bf1ee#file-periodic-table-of-elements-csv

This web tool when used with the web application program of Mandarin makes the assumption that the use already obtains a basic understanding of Chinese. This platform is not made to teaching the beginning levels of a language to anyone, though people may use the web tool for that purpose when creating their own flashcards. The Flashcard There are set up with four layers. There is the english meaning, the pinyin and tone, the simplified character and the traditional character. The English meaning contains one or two meanings that the word translates to. The pinyin and tone which contains the pronunciation and the the tone of the word. The simplified character shows how the character is written and the traditional category shows how the traditional character is written. When the simplified character and the traditional character are written the same the traditional character layer will simple state “Same as simplified character”. What this prints can easily be changed at a data prep level. For example, it could simply have “None” or display the character even if it is the same as the simplified character. The Data The data for the flashcards has come from Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, otherwise known as HSK. HSK is a test for non-native Mandarin speakers in order to test their Mandarin Chinese knowledge. The cards created have been divided based on HSK levels 1-4. The cards sets are organized in American alphabetical order based on the Pinyin Pronunciation. Although there are six levels of HSK only four have been prepared as sets. The data from these sets comes from a GitHub project called Inkstone. https://github.com/skishore/inkstone

[16], [10], [18], [39], [38]

introduced in the introduction

[7], [10], [9], [18], [25], [38].

[28], [8]

There are many web tools present that aid people with learning through flashcards and specifically in language learning. And of course as more and more web tools become available online some have aided people in their efforts to learn and some that have actually negatively impacted people’s learning efforts [8], [22]. There are many web tools and techniques talked about for learning and teaching information in a class room along with self-motivated study sessions and web applications. The web tools being considered are largely web tools to study information generally and language and then language specifically [33]. These all fall under the category of self-motivated learning web tools. For language learning generally, flashcards applications will be considered [4]. The flashcards applications that will be discussed are Quizlet, Anki, and Anki App. The language learning platforms that will be considered are Duolingo, and three Mandarin specific tools: Skritter, Pleco, and HelloChinese.

“it is the wearing smooth of neural pathways in the brain”

Humanism during the Renaissance period stood for the idea that humanity was a divine being capable of achieving remarkable things. However, humanism is close minded in the fact that the ideal form of humanity is the white male figure. Moreover, anything other than the ideal form is automatically considered to be less than human. This is where posthumanism responded and aims to reevaluate humanity through alternative lenses and frameworks of experience. Technology has often been a way to explore these ideas of posthumanism in a way that is open minded

A valid response consists of a generation that does not include mor than one colon and ends with a form of punctuation

diagram

Resulting in longer times to run and create the model.

I only chose a handful of them that are based on the readings through this paper that popped up consistently as models to use for predicting sports.

The coding language that I am using for this project is Python. It is the most versatile language because there are many libraries that are easily accessible and it is a very simple language.

Python does need to be installed on to a computer in order to run files in a terminal.

This website has a main home page from which is connected to the different study sets. In side each study set the user then has access to flashcard sets. As you can see in figure NUMBER. The home page contains links to Mandarin flashcards, Arabic flashcards, a Chemistry Periodic table set, a Biology set and an anatomy set. Each of these then link to the specific study sets. Each of the study sets has their own page and as with the Chinese study set, there is also a tab to learn more about the culture. Though, it is from the home page that memorization tips and a form to contact the creater exist.

One common goal is Computer Science is to decrease the work of a person or a program. This means that in any file the goal of writing functions is to not write the same code over and over again. It is a similar idea here. As a website all the files are formatted the same to it would have been the same code in every file rather than one file with all the code that each individual file calls. It is a similar idea with the JS files, though JS is a little different because different HTML files connect to different JS files rather than all HTML files connecting to the same JS file like it is with CSS. The reason that it worked best to have JS in separate files is because of the amount of code in the JS files when they are needed. It also made the visual aspect of testing and using the differnt files more easily understandable.

<body></body>, <main></main>, <div></div>, <section></section>

was written on VS Code

the the

HTTP server rather than just clicking to open the files. I used the python command when working with the front end and the php command was utilized when working with PHP on the backend side.

HTML, CSS, and JS. The data in the backend is stored in JSON files

under the profile [rebekahrudd?] under the project name “Mandarin Study Tools” or “Multilayered flashcards”

The project implements the following graph-based similarity measures: Jaccard Similarity: Measures the overlap between neighbors of two nodes by dividing the intersection size by the union size. It’s effective for sparse networks with binary relationships. Adamic-Adar: A more nuanced similarity that gives higher weights to common neighbors that are less connected, assuming that rare connections carry more significant information. Resource Allocation: Models resource distribution on a network by assessing how “resources” (recommendations) flow from one node to another based on their shared neighbors. Preferential Attachment: This approach predicts new links by assuming that nodes with higher degrees are more likely to form new connections, reflecting a “rich get richer” phenomenon. Common Neighbors: Counts the number of shared neighbors between two nodes. The higher the number, the more likely the nodes are connected. MaxOverlap: A modified Jaccard similarity focusing on maximizing shared nodes between neighbors. Association Strength: Calculates the expected overlap between two nodes, considering the degree of each node and the size of the graph. Cosine Similarity: Computes the cosine of the angle between the degree vectors of two nodes, measuring similarity in a continuous, normalized way. To test the methods, I use similarity coefficients, statistics graphs such as cumulative gain chart, precision recall curve, time chart, ROC curve etc Regardless of the algorithm chosen, evaluation can be conducted using: - Precision-Recall Curves - Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) - Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (nDCG) - Cumulative Gain Charts - Time-based comparisons for evolving graphs

Many of humanity’s fears of technology come from a fear of replacement. The fear that generative artificial intelligence will replace artists, writers, videographers, and more. Even more people are afraid of the physical replacement with robots. Media outlets at one point or another have reported robots being used to replace workers in manufacturing, the food industry, and even for social work.

Many are concerned with how generative artificial intelligence is gaining a presence not only online but is making its way into the formal art world.

This was the major discussion among most articles that have to do with learning Chinese as a second language. These articles referenced different technologies Chinese learners learners use, recommend, and were working on developing.

A user will use this tool by logging on to the website and creating an account if they are first time users. If they have used the tool before they will just log in in order to see their progress. A user will see all the sets given to them and all the sets they have created. In order to start a study session a user will select the set that they wish to study. Once they select the set they will then see all the cards in that set loaded onto the screen with their mastery level of each card visible based on the color boarder surrounding the card. At the bottom of the screen will then be an option for the user to select “start” once clicking this button it will bring the user to a page asking what they would like to study in their session. They will then select which category they want on the front of their card and which they would like on the front of the card. They can select multiple options for either the front or the back. They will next select the “start” button and the study session will start. Users will also be able to create their own sets and add the different layers that they would like to focus on. If a card does’t have a definition or term in one layer of the flashcard it will just display “None” for that section. Though this tool will have premade sets for the Chinese languages HSK sets users can apply it to learn many different subjects.