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    1. Restructuring is a capacious word. I would equate the word restructuring with the wordrevolution. Our transformations, the reforms mapped out at the April plenum and theXXVII Congress are a genuine revolution in the entire system of relations in society, inthe minds and hearts of people, in the psychology and understanding of the presentperiod, and, above all, in the tasks engendered by rapid scientific and technicalprogress.4

      I think this is a very interesting quote that not only shows how the author gets his perspective across, but also how extreme the changes used to be back then.

      The author gets his perspective across in a mostly objective and evidence-based way. The use of this quote (and many others throughout) shows that well. Instead of subjectively saying what his own opinion is that the reforms became more radical, he gives the primary source of Gorbachev's own words. This allows him to build a credible argument by not only pointing out that he believed the changes to be more and more extreme, but also by showing that Gorbachev himself believed so. He shows Gorbachev's personal and subjective viewpoint that simple reconstruction wasn't enough anymore.

      That’s also why this quote itself reveals how extreme the changes got. Gorbachev himself changes wording from restructuring to revolution, which is something many people connect to things like the French Revolution, which were inherently violent. This really shows how he later on wasn't just trying to fix the economy by fighting the deeper issues, he wanted a genuine revolution of the entire system and society. The goal shifted into a complete psychological and also cultural transformation. This, among other things, also explains why the reforms caused opposition, as extreme changes almost always do.

    2. First, Soviet economists could not agree on a blueprint for reform that wouldinitiate qualitative changes without jeopardising political stability. And second,Gorbachev and his allies began to realise that the country's economic malaise wasintrinsically linked to a deeper moral, social and cultural crisis. To decrease thealienation gap between government and society, a prerequisite of economicreform, Soviet reformers understood that they must first overcome public apathyand inertia. This could only be accomplished by promoting popular participationin the daily life of the country. If decisive changes are to occur, Soviet citizens mustunderstand the need for, accept, and be willing to participate in the reformprocess. During the ten-month period between the April plenum and the XXVIICongress the glasnost' campaign was directed towards this end.

      This caught my attention because it highlights an important lesson in political reform. This is the point where Gorbachev and his allies realized that the issue is a deeper lying one, and not just one that can be fixed with a more simple economic focus. Gorbachev's team started to realize that countries’ economic struggles were actually just the symptom of the underlying "disease," which is a social and cultural one. It also makes apparent that Gorbachev's steps weren't one whole master plan; his strategy evolved over time. He realized that earlier measures were either unsuccessful or constrained by a too rigid system and the elites, and that they needed a deeper lying change and more support within the country. The move towards glasnost can be seen as the turn around from trying to treat the symptoms (the economy) to attempting to treat the underlying social issues by getting the public’s support. This reminder and also takeaway stays relevant today. Economic problems, maybe even in modern European countries, are often just the surface of, in reality, much deeper lying and more complicated societal issues.

    1. You must be willing and able to reflect upon your own work and thinking with an eye to the constant and substantial improvement of the same

      Being able to reflect on yourself is extremely important. I think this is a very important skill that you need to have for an A. But the other thing that comes to my mind here is a level of vagueness. It is hard to determine whether a specific student has an eye to the constant and substantial improvements of their own work. It is surely possible to judge whether someone improves, but the nuances behind the effort that comes with small or large improvements is harder to see. I still agree with this point, but it is something we all need to keep in mind.

    2. You must complete all assigned readings on timeand with thought to the questions outlined in the syllabus and/or in class.•You must thoughtfully respond to and promptly submit all major assignments.

      I think this is a good basis for a grade C. You need to at least do the readings on time and also submit the assignments. This is the baseline of what you have to do, and succeeding in this will help you to be better. Having clear baselines of what you have to do helps us students to know what is expected.

    3. You must demonstrate curiosity about new subjects and perspectives andbe willing to exert time and energy to pursue that curiosity.

      Especially in a course about the Russian political system, this is very important. Russia is in many ways not like the US or Europe. If you are unable to be curious about new subjects and especially new perspectives, you won't be able to really learn about them. If you want to be an A student, you have to have the quality to be curious and the time to learn about other people and perspectives.