The state constitutional language, coupled with the federal legislation authorizingstatehood, failed to terminate the political existence of the tribes in Oklahoma.
Recognition removes any attempts of destruction of a certain group.
262 Matching Annotations
- Oct 2020
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A successful Sequoyah statehood movement would have foreclosed themodem resurgence and present-day tribal stature.
Perfect example of never giving up and bouncing back!
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If thetribes were going to become extinct and tribal citizens subjected to another system oflaws, it was crucial that tribes become engaged in that political process that would shapethat future.
Your people's identity, cultural, and traditional survival is at stake. To protect such assets, one needs to sacrifice oneself for the greater good.
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At thesame time, the United States executive branch had begun exercising control over triballands without tribal consent, despite the fact that the Five Tribes held fee title to the landswithin their territories.
Such actions shouldn't go unpunished. I believe if this were to occur in modern times, a complete outbreak of challenge would occur. However, in the early times of the 1900's, the United States was at its peak of imperialism, meaning they had the strongest army/force, easily countering the outcry of Native Americans.
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the cycle of United States colonization in Indian country would becomplete.
I love this sentence. It literally sums up the United States in America. The US is an ever expanding imperial power whose colonization efforts have not come to an end.
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President Theodore Roosevelt stated his preference thatboth Oklahoma and Indian Territory be admitted as a single state.
All that hard work for someone in power to say, actually lets just combine them as one.
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When it is presented, it will require time to discuss whether it is opposed to our treaties. And as there is now really nothing to discuss, I move that the report be adopted.
I like this statement. Instead of the repetitive reporting tone, the author is stating that it will be accomplished no "buts" or "ifs".
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equences of this step, but if I am willing to lead, he ought to be willing to fol-low me.
Again, another hint that they want to be a representative for their tribe.
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our progress. I am glad to see you advance; am glad that you have stopped the chase, and are trying to live by the sweat of your brow. Many are now taking their first lesson in civiliz
Are they comparison as greater from the average Native American? My guess that he is doing for survival and for possible representation when the time comes.
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D. N. Mcintosh, (Creek), chairman; J. P. Folsom (Choctaw), E. J. Brown (Seminole), S. Tehee (Cherokee), John W. Greyeyes (Wyandott), Black Beaver (Delaware), P. Porter (Creek), David Robuck (Choctaw), A. Barnes and J. W. Markham (Chero-kees).
This diverse group of tribes can be the downfall of the United States in the West as it unites them listing similar grievances.
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s come down, I want to come down with them, and perhaps I will say something then. Brothers, you are saying such good things, if any o
Instead of creating a new council, they have to wait for the United States to appoint their own. Not very democratic is it?
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White Chief Micco Hut-kee, told us he would meet us here at this Council. But he has passed away from this place forever.
Elders run the council. Death of one, spirals everything out of control.
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We have about 500 hogs left, having lost about 2000 head during the hght last August, between the wild bands and the United States troops at the Wichita agency. We also lost some horses and a good many cattle.
They're caught in the middle of a fight and they are paying the price for it.
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d. If I could learn all that happens here, all that is sa
The "othering" factor is present. They do not want to speak unless they fully grasp the idea.
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Great Spirit that all the races of the hu man family agree and live in concord.
Question. Is religious syncretism occurring or are Native Americans sticking to their traditional beliefs/culture?
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will find good land, good water, and good timber, somewhere up and down the North Fork riv-er, and there make my home.
To me this sounds like the American Dream. Have your own home/land and have an educated family.
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Kiowas, our young men were very willing to take the war path against the Kiowas.
War is altering Native American mentality.
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he Kiowas plundered our village,
I think this is a form of resistance by the Kiowas. No such encroachment would stop them from continuing their traditions and ways of life.
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The wife makes butter and cheese to sell with eggs. The Caddos have quit eating on the floor.
Ah I see, it is a report of how far the assimilation movement has succeeded.
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Friends and Brothers:
Who are the friends and who are the brothers?
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heirintention, which in any other people would be consid-ered a laudable one, is falsified, and then turned against',them to cover aid forward the design of the strong torob the weak
It is sad how this is still applicable today...
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ndian Nations acting together,
Is this a throwback to the Pontiac Rebellion?
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thers would await the consent ofthe Indians; but all have in view the coming of thetime, be it long or short
Translation: We are tired of waiting. It's going to happen.
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f the Indian nations, over whom theOkmulgee Constitution was designed to operate wereenemies and not friends of the Federal Government --if their life was one of war and not of peace -- ifthey rejected civilization instead of fostering andseeking it -- if they were powerful instead of bein
Native American mobilization really threatened the US political system. Americans did not like the idea of freedom/1st Amendment being used by lower class groups. Again, Big Brother designs the policies with him only in mind.
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very body, it seems tous, ought to know that a general Indian governmentwould be nothing in the way of the operation a law ofCongress providing for the establishment of anotherin its stead
My guess that the United States taught to its society that Native Americans were backwards and incompetent of forming. The Okmulgee Constitution is a challenge to that as it gives them 1) a platform 2) resilience against the stereotype.
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y the Indiansthemselves, if they were permitted to go on in theirown way.
American expansionism was for the most part illegal as it never asked for consent for the Native American population. Again, the politically system that was in play repeated the idea that Native Americans were obstacles when decades prior they were regarded as an allied nation.
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The Okmulgee Constitution proposed the for-mation of a Territorial Government, the officers ofwhich should be chosen by the Indians from their ownrace
This is a challenge to the traditional means by the American government where they put people that could manipulated in charge, rather than people democratically voted in.
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avalon.law.yale.edu avalon.law.yale.edu
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chain of friendship now entered into
This describes that the sytemical political alliance were not just with the United States, but rather with other countries. (My guess is France due to their aid in the Revolutionary War). But again, it is talked like the Delaware are a pawn in the larger scheme of things rather than leaders.
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under the conduct of an intelligent, candid agent, with an adequate salary, one more influenced by the love of his country, and a constant attention to the duties of his department by promoting the common interest, than the sinister purposes of converting and binding all the duties of his office to his private emolument
The title of state was granted to the Delaware, but I believe this was for the purpose of assimilation. Having constant contact (and American control), would force the Delaware to leave their traditions behind to become the ideal picture of an American.
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infliction of punishments on the citizens of the other
Hmmmm. The political relationship would then be catered to the United States as they decimated large groups of Native Americans as seen through the Trail of Tears and Dawes Act (to name a few).
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Delaware nation
This is important to the political relationship between the US and the Delaware people as it recognizes their existence and actions, rather than obstacles that stagger American expansion.
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peace and friendship
This is an establishment of peace and alliance. Yet it sounds like the United States is the big brother in the picture, saying that the tribe will only succeed only if they call the United States.
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remembrance
Translation: "Whatever happened, happened. Let's move on like nothing happened."
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www.maryklann.com www.maryklann.com
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President Theodore Roosevelt stated that he preferred that Oklahoma and Indian Territory be admitted as one state, the Sequoyah movement was defeated.
This sucks because of how much time, death, and dedication was put it in only to be pushed aside.
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After twenty-one days, they had produced a constitution and a name for their new proposed state: Sequoyah.
I think they did in the best time when Native Americans were applauded for their successes in WW2.
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Indian Territory contained valuable resources, including arable land, open grazing areas, timber, coal, and gold.
The Gold Rush and the need of non-renewable resources is capitalism at its finest.
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The Cherokees refused to ratify because they feared how it would be interpreted by the US Congress.
And I don't blame them. By this time, the US had a massive population boom and Native American population was rapid in decline.
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The Okmulgee Constitution was patterned after the US Constitution.
If you can't be recognized, make your own.
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In the treaties, all allocated the right-of-way for railroads to expand through their lands.
This statement here reminds of the painting of Manifest Destiny. The railroad forcing thousands of Native Americans to relocate to grounds they weren't safe in.
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“suitably provided for”
Does anyone what this really means? Because I know it doesn't mean the recognition in Congress or any other federal position.
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“rightfully forfeited all annuities and interests in the lands in the Indian Territory,”
Once again, the idea of false promises. You get promised one thing one day, the next, they're telling you "You know what, that was all a bunch of lies, sign this one instead or else..."
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However, even if they could set up homesteads on this land, settlers feared what would happen when the proclamation was repealed, they might be evicted by someone who had secured the title.
This is an early example of social class power. A poor man could lose his land/home to a wealthy man who had more social, economic, and/or political influence
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Supporters of Pontiac’s armed resistance found powerful, spiritual support for their movement through Neolin’s proclamation that the creator favored Natives and regarded white settlers as intruders.
This is a counter to the Anglo-Saxon "God is on our side." Instead, the Native Americans said "Our God(s) believe in us more"
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group of men and women prophets
It reminds me of the Ghost Dance movement. Unity through spirituality and using it as means of collective entity.
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In 1763, a pan-Native armed resistance movement attacked thirteen British posts that stood north of the Ohio and the Potomac and west of the Susquehanna rivers. This was known as Pontiac’s Rebellion.
This reminds of a similar confederacy, the Iroquois Confederacy. They posed a real threat to non-French groups
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www.alfiekohn.org www.alfiekohn.org
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“life was easier with grades” because they take so much less time than meaningful assessment.
I don't like this teacher. If he is only doing it for the ease, then they should go else where
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qualitative feedback.
I think we need a more defined action for qualitative feedback since I still see this as a broad term
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If it isn’t, then our obligation is to work for its elimination and, in the meantime, do what we can to minimize its impact.
Whether it be a teacher, student, or parent, calling it out (or in) bringing attention to it is important.
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When school is seen as a test, rather than an adventure in ideas,
This is the UC system. Exams and quizzes left and right exclude you from the other adventures.
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thinking has been severely compromised.
Memory vs Application
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monitoring
I remember the reading speed test in elementary. Who can read this passage the fastest?
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Assessment consultants worry that grades may not accurately reflect student performance; educational psychologists worry because grades fix students’ attention on their performance.
This is my life story. I was expected to get the best grades possible, but at times, I just wanted to throw in towel because of the mental stress
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the more students are led to focus on how well they’re doing, the less engaged they tend to be with what they’re doing.
Going through the motions rather than actually learning
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nature of their motivation
Giving it my all and still getting a decent grade is what I've learned from college.
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promote a fear of failure even in high-achieving students
I remember getting the notes of "you could have _ and it would be better" or "just try to take your time next time." It gave me anxiety and infuriated me
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They may skim books for what they’ll “need to know.”
"Read the first sentence of the paragraph to get the main idea"
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Even on a measure of rote recall, the graded group remembered fewer facts a week later
I know this a term for this type of learning. It basically says the information stays for a certain amount of time and then its gone. It reminds a lot of the UC system...
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They’ll choose a shorter book, or a project on a familiar topic, in order to minimize the chance of doing poorly
This is basically saying that students stick to their strengths rather than risking a bad grade for another topic that is far from their reach.
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Here, our task is to take a hard look at the second practice, the use of letters or numbers as evaluative summaries of how well students have done, regardless of the method used to arrive at those judgments.
I am not to brag or anything, but during middle school I was the top student of the class. However, with being the top class student, I held some type of power over my less achieving roommates. At that age, I enjoyed it because it gave made popularity, but looking at it now, this creates a dangerous power dynamic that can disdain others from achievement.
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In fact, students would be a lot better off without either of these relics from a less enlightened age.
I think the system is trying to turn us all against each other. Learning is supposed to be communal growth not an individualistic competition.
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Gather and report — that’s pretty much it.
This reminds me in elementary school when the systems of 1's, 2's, 3's and 4's were the standard and having your parents in class to talk to your teacher on why you have a 3 instead of a 4. The teacher would then reply with a general statement like the student's reading needs to get better.
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.Suddenly all the joy was taken away. I was writing for a grade — I was no longer exploring for me.
I would have to agree with this. Teachers were grading on a structure that did not help nor aid the student, but rather rank their successes/failures in comparison to their fellow classmates.
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