To this war of every man against every man this also is consequent, thatnothing can be unjust. The notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice,have there no place. Where there is no common power, there is no law; whereno law, no injustice.

The first maketh man invade for gain; the second, for safety; and the third, forreputation. The first use violence, to make themselves masters of other men’spersons, wives, children, and cattle; the second, to defend them; the third, fortrifles, as a word, a smile, a different opinion, and any other sign of undervalue,either direct in their persons or by reflection in their kindred, their friends, theirnation, their profession, or their name.

Again, men have no pleasure, but on the contrary a great deal of grief, inkeeping company where there is no power able to overawe them all.

I once discussed the phenomenon that it is preciselycommunities with adjoining territories, and related to each other in other ways as well, who areengaged in constant feuds and in ridiculing each other -like the Spaniards and Portuguese, for instance,the North Germans and South Germans, the English and Scotch, and so on

Women represent the interests of the family and of sexual life. The work ofcivilization has become increasingly the business of men, it confronts them with ever more difficult tasksand compels them to carry out instinctual sublimations of which women are little capable. Since a mandoes not have unlimited quantities of psychical energy at his disposal, he has to accomplish his tasks bymaking an expedient distribution of his libido. What he employs for cultural aims he to a great extentwithdraws from women and sexual life. His constant association with men, and his dependence on hisrelations with mem, even estrange him from his duties as a husband and father. Thus the woman findsherself forced into the background by the claims of civilization and she adopts a hostile attitude towardsit.

n the third place, finally,and this seems the most important of all, it is impossible to overlook the extent to which civilization isbuilt up upon a renunciation of instinct, how much it presupposes precisely the non-satisfaction (bysuppression, repression or some other means?) of powerful instincts

The power of this community is then set up as'right' in opposition to the power of the individual, which is condemned as 'brute force'.

If there had been no railway to conquer distances, my child wouldnever have left his native town and I should need no telephone to hear has voice; if travelling across theocean by ship had not been introduced, my friend would not have embarked on his sea-voyage and Ishould not need a cable to relieve my anxiety about him. What is the use of reducing infantile mortalitywhen it is precisely that reduction which imposes the greatest restraint on us in the begetting ofchildren, so that, taken all round, we nevertheless rear no more children than in the days before thereign of hygiene, while at the same time we have created difficult conditions for our sexual life inmarriage, and have probably worked against the beneficial effects of natural selection? And, finally,what good to us is a long life if it is difficult and barren of joys, and if it is so full of misery that we canonly welcome death as a deliverer?

This contention holds that what we call our civilization is largely responsible for ourmisery, and that we should be much happier if we gave it up and returned to primitive conditions.

· An important aspect of random, systematic violence is its irrationality.Xenophobic violence differs from the violence of states or ruling-class repression. Repressive violence has a rational, albeit evil, motive: rulers use it asa coercive tool to maintain their power. Many accounts of racist, sexist, or homophobic violence attempt to explain its motivation as a desire to maintaingroup privilege or domination. I do not doubt that fear of violence oftenfunctions to keep oppressed groups subordinate, but I do not think xenophobic violence is rationally motivated in the way that, for examp]e, violenceagainst strikers is.

The culturally dominated undergo a paradoxical oppression, in that theyare both marked by stereotypes and at the same time rendered invisible.

n most white racist societies thismeans that many white people have dark- or yellow-skinned domestic servants, and in the United States today there remains significant racial structuring of private household service. But in the United States today much servicelabor has gone public: anyone who goes to a good hotel or a good restaurantcan have servants. Servants often attend the daily-and nightly-activities ofbusiness executives, government officials, and other high-status professionals.In our society there remains strong cultural pressure to fill servant jobs-bellhop, porter, chambermaid, busboy, and so on-with Black and Latino workers. These jobs entail a transfer of energies whereby the servers enhance thestatus of the served

Centuries old wounds are still raw because they never healed right in the firstplace

We justify our silence and inaction by manufacturing noble causes that marinatein historical denial.

It is in this union and in this truth that real patriotism is rooted and flourishes

As clear as it is for me today... for a long time, even though I grew up in one ofNew Orleans’ most diverse neighborhoods, even with my family’s long proudhistory of fighting for civil rights... I must have passed by those monuments amillion times without giving them a second thought

And in the second decade of the 21st century, asking African Americans - oranyone else - to drive by property that they own; occupied by reverential statuesof men who fought to destroy the country and deny that person’s humanityseems perverse and absurd

He said in his now famous ‘corner-stone speech’ that the Confederacy’s “corner-stone rests upon the great truth, that the negro is not equal to the white man; thatslavery -- subordination to the superior race -- is his natural and normal condition.This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon thisgreat physical, philosophical, and moral truth.

These statues are not just stone and metal. They are not just innocentremembrances of a benign history.

The Cult of the Lost Cause.

You see - New Orleans is truly a city of many nations/a melting pot/a bubblingcauldron of many cultures.

During the War of 1812, the British sent a large force to conquer the city, but they were defeated early in 1815 by Andrew Jackson's combined forces some miles downriver from the city at Chalmette's plantation, during the Battle of New Orleans. The American government managed to obtain early information of the enterprise and prepared to meet it with forces (regular, militia, and naval) under the command of Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson. Privateers led by Jean Lafitte were also recruited for the battle.

The United States Army Corps of Engineers designed the levee and floodwall system incorrectly, and contractors failed to build the system in places to the requirements of the Corps of Engineers' contracts

In the 1920s an effort to "modernize" the look of the city removed the old cast-iron balconies from Canal Street, the city's commercial hub. In the 1960s another "modernization" effort replaced the Canal Streetcar Line with buses. Both of these moves came to be regarded as mistakes long after the fact, and the streetcars returned to a portion of Canal Street at the end of the 1990s, and construction to restore the entire line was completed in April 2004.

Epidemics

In 1849 Baton Rouge replaced New Orleans as the capital of the state

While the slave insurgency was the largest in U.S. history, the rebels killed only two white men. Confrontations with militia and executions after locally-held tribunals killed ninety-five black people

Observers at the time and historians since believe there was an undercount and the true population was about 10,000.[13]

The priest-chronicler Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix described New Orleans in 1721 as a place of a hundred wretched hovels in a malarious wet thicket of willows and dwarf palmettos, infested by serpents and alligators; he seems to have been the first, however, to predict for it an imperial future.

Throughout the 19th century, New Orleans was the largest port in the Southern United States, exporting most of the nation's cotton output and other products to Western Europe and New England. With it being the largest city in the South at the start of the Civil War (1861–1865), it was an early target for capture by Union forces.

Airports

s of 2011[update], the Hispanic and Latino American population had also grown in the Greater New Orleans area alongside Black and African American residents, including in Kenner, central Metairie, and Terrytown in Jefferson Parish and Eastern New Orleans and Mid-City in New Orleans proper.[155] Janet Murguía, president and chief executive officer of the National Council of La Raza, stated that up to 120,000 Hispanic and Latino Americans workers lived in New Orleans. In June 2007, one study stated that the Hispanic and Latino American population had risen from 15,000, pre-Katrina, to over 50,000.[156] From 2010 to 2014 the city grew by 12%, adding an average of more than 10,000 new residents each year following the 2010 U.S. census.[121]

New Orleans' colonial history of French and Spanish settlement generated a strong Roman Catholic tradition. Catholic missions ministered to slaves and free people of color and established schools for them. In addition, many late 19th and early 20th century European immigrants, such as the Irish, some Germans, and Italians were Catholic

One of the strongest varieties of the New Orleans accent is sometimes identified as the Yat dialect, from the greeting "Where y'at?" This distinctive accent is dying out in the city, but remains strong in the surrounding parishes.

gentrification, new residents buying property in formerly closely knit communities, and disp

New Orleans was catastrophically affected by what Raymond B. Seed called "the worst engineering disaster in the world since Chernobyl", when the federal levee system failed during Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005.[7

Another notable example is the street plan and architecture still distinguishing New Orleans today. French Louisiana had early architects in the province who were trained as military engineers and were now assigned to design government buildings.

By the 1980s and 1990s, scientists observed that extensive, rapid, and ongoing erosion of the marshlands and swamp surrounding New Orleans, especially that related to the Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal, had the unintended result of leaving the city more vulnerable than before to hurricane-induced catastrophic storm surges.

In practice, African American public schools and facilities were underfunded across the South.

Afro-Creole was present in religious beliefs and the Louisiana Creole language. The religion most associated with this period for was called Voodoo.[40][41]

Nueva Orleans (the name of New Orleans in Spanish)[33] remained under Spanish control until 1803, when it reverted briefly to French rule. Nearly all of the surviving 18th-century architecture of the Vieux Carré (French Quarter) dates from the Spanish period, notably excepting the Old Ursuline Convent.[34]