17 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2020
    1. Thus, another way of viewing the relationships between positive versus negative feedback and effective sport-specific teaching is the real possibility that -- given the tendency of all athletes to respond better to positive reinforcement -- some athletes may be more negatively affected cognitively by negative feedback from coaches than others on the team (37).

      This ties to the article, "Depression and the effects of positive and negative feedback on expectations, evaluations, and performance" through tying together the effects of positive and negative feedback on mental health, which influences output, rather that be though completing tasks, how one does in a sports game, or through academics.

    2. However, participation may also negatively impact psychological measures such as mood and performance anxiety.

      This sentence connects to the article, "How does mental illness affect my school performance?" in that it both discusses the effect of a person's mood on playing sports and their academics in school.

    3. Participation in scholastic sport has been linked to many positive attributes of psychosocial development.

      This is a key point stated in this passage, but follows up to the counterargument in the very next sentence. However, by stating the argument and counterargument, the reader can piece together the positive and negative psychological connections between participating in sports.

    4. Similarly, coaches who might regularly use the POMS or the SAS-2 to monitor their teams may reasonably develop a competitive advantage in player development that they might otherwise not enjoy, given the premise that at a foundational level effective coaching depends heavily upon effective teaching strategies (12,30).

      This whole paragraph discusses the coach's role in encouraging or influencing his team and how different players react differently to different coaching styles. This plays a role into player performance and outlook on the sport and their personal views on themselves.

    5. While the term “anxiety” is commonly associated with unpleasantness and considered a pejorative term, some athletes experience positive rather than negative pre-performance psychological stress.

      This connects to the article, "High School Athletics and the Effect on At-risk Students" where it gives the example of Dwayne, who tried out for his high school football team and take out his anger and anxiety of losing his father on the football field.

    6. If players are confident that they can win the game, such comparisons can increase their assurances and the resultant psychological stress works in their favor (6).

      Up to this point, the author has shed a negative light on the stress, frustration, and anger that comes with playing sports, but here turns to how it can actually help the players feel more motivated and determined to win the game.

    7. Interscholastic competition may present overlays that influence the sport participation experience in nuanced ways (19, 21, 41).

      This entire paragraph lists reasons as to why participation in sports can lead to anxiety, frustration, and self-esteem issues.

    8. However, participation in competitive sports such as basketball may also impact psychological measures, such as mood and performance anxiety, which in turn may affect aspects like enjoyment, continued participation, self-efficacy, and so on.

      This sentence connects to the article, "High School Athletics and the Effect on At-risk Students" in that it discusses how athletics can have a negative effect on a student's social life and mental health.

    9. in one study assessing the impact of organized leisure-time activities upon the physical and mental health of 10,503 European adolescents, researchers found that participants reported higher self-rated health and life satisfaction measures regardless of sex or age (2).

      Includes a nod to the other side of the argument by including results from a survey in Europe stating that people who participate in sports and other leisure activities thought of themselves as being healthier and more satisfied with their health.

    1. An important challenge to mortality research in sport is the lack of data on the health behaviors of athletes post retirement.

      This paragraph recognizes holes in the argument by acknowledging that there is little data on the health of athletes after they retire, which could skew the results a little.

    2. Participation in elite sport is generally favorable to lifespan longevity.

      Srdjan Lemez and Joseph Baker state their main idea/ answer to their research question in this one sentence stating that playing elite sports generally leads to a longer lifespan.

    1. STUDY 1

      For each of the four studies, they are split up between the method in which they found their results, the results, and discussion about how their results come back around to their argument.

    2. these representations are likely to have negative consequences because they underscore the constrained variability of American Indian representations, constraining individual potential and limiting what American Indians see as possible for themselves in the future.

      Gives nod to other side of the argument and explains why he disagrees in that even positive stereotypes of a certain group can still be harmful.

    3. Contemporary American Indians, for example, exist beyond the reach of most Americans.

      This paragraph goes into detail and gives facts about how little contact most Americans have with Native Americans and how secluded this small minority group is from everyone else.

    4. We suggest that American Indian mascots are harmful because they remind American Indians of the limited ways others see them and, in this way, constrain how they can see themselves.

      Main idea/ argument of essay... Stephen A Fryberg is arguing that mascots involving Native American mascots are offensive and hurtful to Native cultures and how we view them.