1,021 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2018
    1. The “fare well” bid to the bride and bridegroom in the first part of this group of fragments show that there were no ill wishes directed towards the new couple. The “polished doors” described conjure images of a new home as well as of new opportunities. Greek literature often tells of the influence of the Gods, so we can see why the call to Hymenaios in Fragment 117B is clearly a final plea for the success of the newlyweds, in their life and in their marriage.

      Nice reprisal of the three main subjects of your essay, but I think you might come up with a more inspired, exciting final twist here for a conclusion.

    2. Although we see varying opinions and theories about the meanings and purposes of Sappho’s works, one of them clearly stands out from the rest.

      Again, way too general. Stick to your specific argument.

    3. reinforces that marriage is a sacred and celebrated way of life to the Ancient Greeks.

      True, but I think you are getting at some much more interesting points in this paragraph, and these final claims are much too bland and obvious.

    4. the opinions and whims of the Gods are believed to be paramount in deciding who will be successful and who will be met with misfortune.

      Excellent point. Is blaming the whims of the gods another way of suggesting that good luck today might turn to bad luck tomorrow etc?

    5. “the song of Adonis” (239) – Adonis being Aphrodite’s mortal lover.

      You should read the story of Aphrodite and Adonis. There is perhaps a suggestion, in that particular myth being named, that the future may not only hold success and happiness, and that the newlyweds who are so happy today might feel very differently tomorrow. Adonis and Aphrodite have a tragic love story - not a happy one. Sappho is always striking a sad note at the happiest moment, or vice-versa, to suggest that human emotions are always changing, or that life always holds something else in store for us.

    6. It is no surprise, then,

      Why is it no surprise? Do you mean that the Greeks are always calling for the gods or imagining them intervening in human affairs?

    7. a society which depends greatly on the perception of the God’s attitudes,

      I think you can be a little more direct here. How exactly do they depend on the (their?) perception of the gods' attitudes? Say more about the connection between the social world of the Greeks and their vision of the gods.

    8. evokes images of the aforementioned bride and bridegroom completing and exiting their extravagant marriage ceremony, and of the couple going through the entryway of their new marital home. The retention of the word “polished” is especially important to this imagery, as without it we wouldn’t have much of an idea of the function of the door in this fragment. By visualizing a polished door, a shining entryway, one can even say that the “polished doors” are symbolic of the opportunities and new beginnings that await the newlyweds.

      This is all excellent. A thoughtful, original interpretation.

    9. success

      I'm curious what you think this success looks like and if it is the same for both. It is slightly odd that the poet wishes them both well separately - not, 'may you (both) fare well' but 'may you and you fare well.' Does that suggest something about how enjoined their lives and future success will be?

    10. In between, fragment 117A seems to hint at the life that awaits the couple,

      What does it hint about the married life that they are about to begin? Intriguing point - I want to hear just a little more about it in the introduction.

    11. many of Sappho’s works are not without reason,

      I don't understand what you mean, "not without reason." Just that they have a purpose? Say more. If so, what kind of purpose? What social function or role?

    12. There are many varying opinions about the meanings and purposes of Ancient Greek poet Sappho’s works.

      I'm sure you can find a more creative, original way to begin your essay. Yes, there are many opinions, but what is yours? Be direct and go straight into the heart of your argument with an engaging opening sentence.

    1. Odysseus doesn’t see his killings and savagery as monstrous

      Interesting point. This seems like a good example of him only ever seeing things from his own perspective. Is this a flaw in his character? How would you describe it? What other moments reveal it?

    2. but Odysseus never sees his actions as harsh or causes for his downfalls.

      Why can't he see his own mistakes or blame himself? Is he blind, in a way? Is this the same thing as being selfish - only being able to see things from your own perspective?

    3. In this situation Odysseus doesn’t show his hero side, in fact he shows that gifts and curiosity is worth more than protecting his men.

      This is a really interesting point - you shouldn't wait until the last sentence in your paragraph to make it. How is he not very heroic? Perhaps the whole paragraph should be about how he is arrogant rather than heroic.

    4. He shows his arrogance and greed for goods when his men suggest they take the cheese and come back for the lamb and kids later and sail away,

      Why does he do this? Can you say more about his arrogance? What makes him behave this way?

    5. arrogance

      Arrogance is a great subject for a paragraph, but I don't know that's what your going to write about until we get here. It would be much better to start out by saying, directly, what Odysseus' arrogance does to him, or something along those lines.

    6. In Book IX Odysseus tells the story of a monster in a cave that tried to eat him and his man, a very unfortunate situation for Odysseus. A

      How is this claim related to your argument about suffering? Remember, in a CEA paragraph transition sentences don't just set the scene - they also introduce the subject of the next argument. What are you arguing in this paragraph?

    7. as the books continue evidence of cruelty and unreason is seen from Odysseus, which is the real reason for his suffering.

      I think you should rephrase this. You seem to be suggesting that Odysseus's cruelty and "unreason" or irrationality is what makes him suffer, but you don't say so until the end of the sentence, which makes your point less clear. Perhaps you should turn this into two sentences, or revise it somehow.

    8. It is common to see humans blame their misfortune on god or others instead of blaming themselves. Life typically work as a factor of cause and effect. Humans actions to the world around them are the cause of their ending effects.

      I think you might combine these sentences and ideas. They seem to be related, but how you think they are connected is not exactly clear. This might make for a really strong first sentence, if you can find a way to rewrite it. Alternatively, you might just jump straight into the specifics of your argument about Odysseus. It is usually best to be as direct as possible.

    1. Sappho’s poem 26 although fragmentary is a powerful story focused on the main character’s disappointment base on her vulnerability. The author in this poem led us to understand how harmed we can get from people who love the most.

      Be specific. This is true, but your conclusion should be about your arguments, not about the poem. What have you proven in your essay?

    2. She is at that level where she learned from her mistake which was her vulnerability and she is taking action in order to avoid it in the future.

      Is she at that level, or is she going to keep repeating the mistake that she "frequently" makes? Perhaps writing the poem is a way to change?

    3. an awareness

      Excellent. Awareness in the poem is a great subject for a paragraph. What is she aware of? What is she not aware of? Does her awareness help her?

    4. but base on the her bad mood in the poem we understand she is expressing her anger

      Interesting. You should say more about her anger. I'm really curious about this idea. You might develop it more and make it another paragraph.

    5. ns. For instance using brackets can means that she is grouping those people that hurt her in the same category or also it can mean that she is putting that belief of being nice to people aside for a period that’s the reason why the bracket comes right before the word

      Remember that Anne Carson uses the brackets to tell the reader that a part of the poem is missing or lost. Sappho didn't put the brackets in the poem herself. What do you think might have been there? Perhaps you might write about what Anne Carson, the translator, is suggesting with her brackets - what is the story she is telling?

    6. That literally means that she aware of the fact that she’s vulnerable, it is really painful and she is suffering from it.

      If she is aware, why does she do it? If she knows she is only going to suffer, why doesn't she change?

    7. Second of all, the main character in this poem is an unhappy person who is suffering for being too nice by investing herself into the different relationship she has with her loved ones and not getting back in return what she deserves.

      You have already said this. Your claims should describe the argument of the paragraph. This paragraph is about how she wants to suffer. I'm sure you can write a claim about that.

    8. her vulnerable position

      I think you should focus more on this question of vulnerability. Does love always make us vulnerable? What sort of vulnerable position is she in? Say more.

    9. Harm me” it can be interpreted as a pretty sad image and sound aggressive

      I think you can analyze the word "harm" here a littl ebit more. Yes it is a sad image and sounds aggressive - but what kind of harm are we talking about here? Harm her in what sense? Is emotional pain the same as physical pain?

    10. as human being we always expect people we love and care the most for to love us back and treat us equitably

      I think you can go further here in describing her disappointment. If we "expect" this, is that why we are so disappointed? Should we expect to be hurt by the people we love instead? Is that the point of the poem?

    11. Sappho the archaic Greek poet is best known for her poem about love and women.

      This claim is way too vague and general. You should jump right into the heart of your argument. What are you arguing in this paragraph?

    12. how a human being can be disappointed and feel vulnerable due to the behavior of the people she loves the most.

      This is nicely put, but I wonder if you might sum this up in fewer words. What exactly are we talking about here? Is it how love makes us vulnerable? Is it the connection between love and suffering? I would keep this, but try to summarize it a bit more succinctly first.

    1. The suffering incurred because of Odysseus pride was the god Poseidon using his powers caused horrible storms to delay Odysseus even more from returning home. 

      Again, this point is true but seems pretty basic. Your essay should be developing an original argument - that Odysseus's pride caused him and his men to suffer is not that. Go further.

    2. Once he started to boast and be so prideful that just angered the cyclops even more.  The cyclops started throwing large rocks by using Odysseus’s own voice against him because he is blinded.  It almost caused them to drift all way back to the shore where they could have easily been captured by another Cyclops or by the one they blinded.  The boasting was not necessary what so ever it was just caused because of Odysseus’s pride and if any of those objects thrown hit there ship they would have suffered a horrible death.  This was all just luck that nothing terrible happened all at the expense of Odysseus’s pride. 

      All of this is just repeating the point about how it was dangerous for him to taunt Polyphemus. It isn't really an argument, just the same idea drawn out for half a paragraph.

      What can we say about Odysseus's pride, other than that it was dangerous? I'm sure you can make a bolder, more complex argument than this.

    3. They just escaped the Cyclops’ cave where the Cyclops ate some of Odysseus’s men so the last thing he should be doing is boasting about defeating the creature. 

      This point is pretty obvious, isn't it? Perhaps you can consider what makes Odysseus taunt Polyphemus - that might help you describe his pride with more nuance.

    4. “When we were offshore but still within earshot I called to the Cyclops, just to rub it in: ‘ So, Cyclops, it turns out it wasn’t a coward Whose men you murdered and ate in your cave, You savage! But you got yours in the end, Didn’t you? You had the gall to eat the guests In your own house, and Zeus made you pay for it.’  He was even angrier when he heard this.  Breaking off the peak of a huge crag He threw it toward our ship, and it carried To just in front of our dark prow.  The sea Billowed up where the rock came down, And the backwash pushed us to the mainland again, Like a flood tide setting us down at the shore.” 

      Long quotes like this should be indented.

    5. The human emotion pride can lead to suffering even for the greatest of men like Odysseus. 

      Again, this claim is way too vague and general. Yes, pride causes Odysseus to suffer, but what argument about his pride are you making? Develop your point further.

    6.   If not for greed they would have been home, but they must endure so much more because of it.

      Again, good work connecting your evidence back to the subject of greed here. I still think this paragraph could make the same point much faster. Then you might ask more interesting questions: why are Odysseus and his men so greedy? Why is everyone in the poem obsessed with gifts and treasure? Is it meant to be ironic that being greedy means Odysseus loses all of his treasure?

    7. Once Odysseus fell asleep his men’s greed for sliver and gold caused them to act without thinking.  Not once did they stop to think maybe it was because of the bag given by the god Aeolus was the reason why their long journey was about to come to an end. 

      This part of the paragraph, connecting your evidence to the subject of greed, is a claim. But be careful not to summarize so much of the plot or include such long quotations. Get to your argument faster.

    8. Greed is a very power emotion in human nature, it can cause a person to think irrationally. 

      Don't write about greed in general - write about greed in the poem. Be specific and go straight into your argument.

    9. The Odyssey by Homer is a story about the Greek hero Odysseus and his journey home after his victory in war.  Throughout the Odyssey a central theme has risen regarding suffering and its cause. 

      I'm sure you can find a more creative, original way to begin your essay than this. Your first sentence here is the most general description of the plot of the poem. Wouldn't it be better to go right into the heart of your argument? You can assume that the reader (me) is familiar with the plot.

      The second sentence here - your thesis - is much too general. Yes, suffering is a theme. But what is your argument about suffering in the poem?

    1. your consequences following those actions

      Is it the gods who bring those consequences on humans? Can you explain more this idea of consequences?

    2. onfusing readers as to who’s at fault

      Do you think that Homer intends to confuse readers about who is at fault? If so, why does he do it? Answering these questions might make your thesis more complex.

    3. ut if they do cause some type of suffering then I am positive that there should be a reason as to why

      Instead of using the first-person, "I am positive," maybe you can explain a little bit more about what you mean by the reason why. Is it the gods punishing humans for their crimes, like Odysseus attacking a town in the Cicones?

    4. for example Penelope wife of Odysseus cried herself to sleep for 20 years because she believed that her husband would never come back. As faithful as she was for all those years her husband on the other hand was a man who did many bad things, so the cause of her suffering wasn’t because of her own actions but of her husbands who brought pain into his entire household not just to himself

      This seems like it should be a separate body paragraph considering Penelope and how Odysseus has caused her to suffer.

    5. There are many instances where the Gods have nothing to do with that current situation and humans still blame higher power for the suffering and feel ‘cursed’.

      Like what? These instances might be good examples for your argument. Find some evidence in them.

    6. With their actions how could a man possibly ask for mercy to go home.

      Expand on this. How does being a pirate not go with the story of Odysseus trying for years to reach home? What is the contradiction?

    7. when situations don’t go as planned then you see the “recklessness”

      Say more about this. How did the suitors plan for the situation to go? What was reckless about what they did?

    8. “These men have been destroyed by divine destiny and their own recklessness.”

      When he says it was both divine destiny AND their own recklessness, isn't he saying it is both the gods AND humans themselves who cause human suffering? He is restating the problem. Analyze in more depth.

    9. We see many sides of Gods in these travels that portray them in some immortal way, for example seeing how

      I'm not sure how all this part of the sentence helps your argument. It distracts me a bit from the point you are trying to make. Be as direct as possible.

    10. We also see many Gods meddling in people’s lives

      How do you fit this into your thesis that humans are to blame? If the gods are meddling, then is it really that simple? I think you can make your thesis more complicated and interesting.

    11. Who do you blame for your human suffering?

      I'm sure you could find a more creative way to begin this essay. Rather than the question, why not jump right into the heart of your argument.

    1. His failure to appreciate the degree of his own responsibilities enabled his disinterest in those who suffered as consequence of his own actions

      This is a really interesting idea. I wish you had brought up his failing in his responsibilities and the harm it caused sooner - maybe in the introduction, as part of your thesis. That way, you would be able to investigate the idea throughout the essay.

    2. Through his journey home Odysseus came to an island named Aeolia home of Aeolus, son of Hipotas, dear to immortals. During his visit he met Aeolus and twelve of his children that live there whom he married with each other. He welcomed him and his crew. They fed them and offered them a warm place to stay for an entire month. when Odysseus was getting ready to leave Aeolus sent him on his way and gave him a bag made of the hide of an ox nine years old, which he had skinned himself and, in that bag bound the wild wind’s ways, for Zeus had made him keeper of the winds. Aeolus tied the bag down in the hold of the ship with a bright silver cord, so that not a puff could escape. For nine days and night they sailed on. while on their way Odysseus fell asleep and his crew started questioning what was on the bag that great Aeolus had given to Odysseus. Thinking that he had given him gold, they decided to open the bag letting all the wind blow out sending them far out to sea and an evil wind carried them back to Aeolia. When Odysseus went back to Aeolus to ask for help and explained what happed, he got very upset and said this: “Begone, from this island instantly! You are the most cursed of all living things. It would go against all that’s right for me to help or send on his way a man so despised by the blessed gods. Begone! You are cursed by heaven!” (440) .

      Again, all plot summary here. Review the CEA lecture notes on the class website.

    3. In one of his travels Odysseus came across the cyclops Island which was surrounded by high caves overhung with laurels and where many sheep and goats were penned at night. Odysseus decided to take some of his men from his ships and explore the place. He went inside one of the caves, made an offering to the gods and had some cheese. when Polyphemus one of the Cyclops came back to his cave and saw them, got very upset, for they were stranger invading his space. He decided to keep them captive and even had some of Odysseus crew men for dinner. Odysseus to save himself and the rest of his men from dying and being eaten alive by this gigantic creature, came up with a plan. He took a huge pole of green olive which the Cyclops had cut to use as a walking stick when dry, gave it to his men to crape, smooth and sharpen the tip and placed it over fire to make it hard. They hid the stick and when Polyphemus came back Odysseus made him drink some of the wine he had brought with him as an offering, got him drunk. Polyphemus fell asleep and that’s when Odysseus attacked him by striking the stick in one of his eyes, blinding him and making him very week. Odysseus and the rest of his crew men managed to escape. Polyphemus stretching his arms out to heaven say: “hear, me Poseidon, blue maned Earth -Holder, if you are the father you claim to be. grant that Odysseus son of Laertes, may never reach his home Ithaca. But if he is fated to see his family again, and return to his home and own native land, may he come late having lost all companions in another’s ship and find trouble at home”. (437)  Poseidon heard him, making Odysseus return to his home Ithaca almost impossible,

      Again, this is all plot summary, not a CEA argument.

    4. To what Zeus responded: “no other mortal has mind like his or offers sacrifices like him to the deathless gods in heaven. But Poseidon is stiff and cold with anger because Odysseus blinded his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, the strongest of all the Cyclopes, nearly a god” (334).

      How does this quote connect to your thesis? How does Poisedon's anger connect to humans bringing suffering on themselves?

    5. Sadly, men bring suffering upon themselves because of their wrong decisions

      This is a claim. You should start your paragraph with claims. Then, introduce evidence and analyze it, connecting it to this idea i.e. what kind of wrong decisions do they make? Why do they make them? How does it cause them to suffer?

    6. While on his Journey to return home, Odysseus was warned by Circe not to eat the Oxen when he gets to the Land of Trinaca, and if they did she will foresee disaster for him, his ship and crew. Odysseus informed his crew about this. But they didn’t listen and when they found themselves starving and with no food left in the ship, they became desperate. while Odysseus when up the island to pray the gods to show him the way and felt asleep, his crew feasted on the Oxen. While Odysseus was gone Eurylochus, was giving bad advice to the crew. It starts: “listen to me shipmates, despite your distress. All forms of death are hateful, but to die of hunger is the most wretched way to go. What are we waiting for? Let’s drive off the prime beef in that herd and offer sacrifice to the gods abroad heaven. if we ever return to Ithaca, we will build a rich temple to Hyperion the sun, and deposit there many fine treasures. If he becomes angry over his cattle and get the other gods consent to destroy our ship, well, I would rather gulp down salt water and die once and for all than waste away on a desert island.” (475) Causing the Rage of Hyperion, the Sun God towards Odysseus’s crew.  Hyperion moved by anger, addressed the immortals, it starts: “father Zeus, and you other gods eternal, punish Odysseus’s companions, who insolently killed the cattle I took delight in seeing whenever I ascended the starry heaven and whenever I turned back from heaven to earth. If they don’t pay just atonement for the cows I will sink into Hades and shine on the dead”. (476) his fury and anger were so strong that the gods listen to his request and strike their ships with sterling lighting crushing them and sending his crew over board in the deep sea.

      Be careful not to summarize the plot or recapitulate the story. This passage seems like a long section of plot summary to me, which is not part of the CEA paragraph. Instead, analyze the evidence (quotations) and connect it to your claims.

    7. their own human nature

      What exactly is their human nature? Is it weakness - they are always doing what they shouldn't do, making tragic mistakes? Say more.

    8. In the Odyssey book we came to question who is to blame for human suffering? Is Odysseus “cursed by heaven or is Zeus right when he says, “Mortals! They are always blaming the gods for their troubles, when their own witlessness causes them more” (333).

      I think you might find a more creative, engaging way to begin this essay. Rather than starting with a question, why not go straight into your argument?

    1. “Your gods are the most jealous bastard in the universe – /Persecuting any goddess who ever openly takes/A mortal lover to her bed and sleeps with him./When Dawn caressed Orion with her rosy fingers,/You celestial layabouts gave her nothing but troubles/Until Artemis finally shot him on Ortygia – (

      The double-standard is not just in mortal society, but also among the gods - that is what Calypso is saying here. Why?

    2. shouldn’t he get the privilege to go back to his wife? Or wouldn’t it make more sense to assume the Olympians don’t have good for women’s figure?

      I'm confused by your questions here. Try to connect all this more closely to your thesis.

    3. However, why Penelope who was a faithful queen was not capable to get the same privilege?

      Again, if you ask the question, you should also answer it.

    4. “But it’s Odysseus that I am worried about,/That discerning, ill-fated man. He’s suffered/So long, separated from his dear ones/On an island that lies the center of the sea,/A wooded isle that is home to a goddess,/The daughter of Atlas, whose dread min knows/All the depths of the sea and who support/The tall pillars that keeps earth and heaven apart (333, Line 53-60).

      Again, I don't think this whole quote is necessary here.

    5. Calypso comparing herself to Penelope is a sense of selfishness that I discover about many gods. Could she realize also that as an immortal, she can have any other man she wants?

      Answer your own question. Doesn't she call Zeus and the other gods jealous bastards (or something like that) for sending Odysseus home?

    6. “But if you had any idea of all the pain/You’re destined to suffer before you getting home,/You’d stay here with me, deathless/Think of it, Odysseus! – no matter how much/You missed your wife and wanted to see her again./You spend all your daylight hour yearning for her./I don’t mind saying she’s not my equal/In beauty, no matter how you measure it./Mortal beauty cannot compared with immortal.”

      Remember to separate and indent long quotes. Make sure to only quote what you need to analyze.

    7. or more clarity, Penelope says:

      Remember that the intro paragraph should be separate from body paragraph one, where you begin the CEA format.

    8. According to Homer, the relation between the gods (immortals) and the mortals represent the mainstream during the ancient Greek time.

      I'm not sure what you mean by "the mainstream" here. Say more about this relation, as you see it. How does it work?

    1. In the times of “The Odyssey,” men coming home from war and battles were often seen as heroes. Women usually took on other roles, such as being obedient towards male figures and attending to domestic duties. However, this was not the case in this poem. Women clearly played a crucial role in assisting a king make it back to his homeland.

      Rather than making this comparison with "the times of The Odyssey," it would be more interesting to consider what Homer might have been attempting to say, by giving so many female characters such a clear role.

    2. uite the contrary to how they are usually viewed.

      You have a number of these short, declarative, incomplete sentences in the essay. One or two might be okay, but probably not so many or as the last sentence in a paragraph.

    3. It is obvious once again the dynamics the role of these women play in this epic poem. It could not be any clearer that Homer wants to recognize these female characters as serving a meaningful purpose in life.

      Instead of saying that it is obvious, describe the dynamic. How exactly does Homer make us recognize the meaningful purpose these women have? Be specific.

    4. This episode in which Odysseus lands on Phaecia, heads to the city, and requests help from the king and queen is overwhelmingly filled with these female characters fulfilling this role as a supporter.

      Why do you think this aspect of the story so prominent in this section?

    5. And of course, once again Athena helps him.

      One think you have not yet described is why Athena helps him. Why is he her favorite? Why does she arrange all this, so that everything works out for him?

    6. Odysseus may have never found his way to the city to meet Nausicaa’s father, king Alcinous, who ultimately had the power to send him off back to Ithaca.

      What might have happened to him? Aren't the Phaeacians very unfriendly to strangers?

    7. Athena is setting up the initial meeting between Odysseus and Nausicaa

      It is almost like Athena is setting up the narrative, like she is the poet herself, with a plan to set up the plot. Say more about this maybe.

    8. so she gave her courage to remain still and understand who Odysseus was, where he came from, and what exactly he needed.

      Can you describe a bit further what kind of support Athena is giving Odysseus here? Step back and connect it to your overall idea of the female figures in the poem.

    9. In Book VI, Odysseus has just survived a thrashing storm sent by Poseidon in which he comes ashore on Phaeacia with the help of Athena. Overwhelmed with fatigue, Odysseus falls asleep between two olive trees until he is awoken by the sounds of girls

      Be careful of plot summary. You can get away with a little of it, but it is much better to use your transition sentences to connect your arguments to your overall thesis.

    10. The female characters often played the role of “supporter” in which was ultimately the reason why Odysseus’ journey back home was a successful one.

      In your cover letter, you write that these women characters are never really given full credit. That part of your thesis doesn't appear here -- though it might be the most interesting part of all. Is Homer not giving the women the credit they deserve? Say more.

    11. During the times in which “The Odyssey” took place, women were usually inferior to men and looked upon as second-class citizens, which makes this epic poem interesting to read as well as examine how their actions influenced the return of Odysseus.

      Not sure that this mention is necessary; perhaps it would be better to say that in the world of the Odyssey, women are represented as socially inferior - we don't really know anything about how accurate or truthful the poem is.

    1. for exactly the same qualities,

      I'm not sure these are exactly the same qualities, though they are also perhaps human weaknesses, from our perspective.

    2. I believe that this whole book shows kind of the ripple effect that your actions have in the bigger picture, your future.

      Fascinating point. Why have you waited until the conclusion to put it like this? You should put this idea in your introduction and then show throughout the body paragraphs how the ripple effects work, what they look like, etc.

    3. And how essential personality traits are in making those choices.

      Careful to write in complete sentences. Maybe connect with the previous sentence.

    4. Another point that I would like to bring up, is the fact that the Gods decide to either help the people or not based on their personality traits (not just your actions).

      Great point. Are these the benefits you began by discussing?

    5. they get blindsided by human emotions such as jealousy, hunger and the desire for power

      Are these moments then examples of human weakness? Can you connect this more closely to your thesis be describing them as "consequences?"

    6. The basis of this whole book and Odysseus sufferings throughout it lies on a choice he made all on his own

      Do you think that Homer is suggesting that Odysseus has brought his misfortune on himself? If so, can you find evidence for this? Take your analysis further here, perhaps by considering how we are meant to see Odysseus.

    7. Odysseus thinks that he deserves a gift of hospitality from him.

      Why does he think so? What is the meaning of the hospitality gift and the hospitality ritual? How does it connect to the gods?

    8. Yes, we can claim that the reason why

      Wouldn't this sentence be much more direct and positive if you edited out some of these extra words and just wrote something like, "Odysseus blinded the Cyclops because ..."

    9. When deciding on whether to honor the Gods or not, they are choosing their own fate, for they know the consequences or benefits that come with such choices.

      Very clear thesis. I hope that you will describe those consequences and/or benefits with the same words, so that we are brought back to the thesis throughout.

    1. Penelope’s sufferings – she was basically locked in her chamber for 20 years –  while Odysseus travels around the world sleeping with Goddesses – is not enough to convince Athena to be on her side.

      Great point. Athena, though she is female, is described in very masculine terms, she is always eager for battle, and she often appears as a man. Perhaps she is a good example of Homer's misogyny. More about Penelope?

    2. There is no punishment however for a man that sleeps around; it seems acceptable that Odysseus can sleep with as many women he comes across.

      Rather than using this contrast to end the essay, I would be curious to hear your thoughts on how Homer does give his female characters some power. What does female power look like in the Odyssey? That might be a more interesting twist to conclude with.

    3. In Homer’s portrayal of female characters, even the faithful ones are not to be trusted: there are ongoing concerns that Penelope will not be able to reject her suitors for too long. 

      I think this has to be a whole paragraph also, maybe at the beginning. Questions about Penelope's fidelity are central to the poem, and she is directly contrasted with both Helen, but even more, Helen's sister, Clytemnestra. Say more about Penelope.

    4. According to Homer, woman is responsible for a lot of the bad things that happen to men.  If there was a war at Troy, it was because Helen left her husband to be with another man, Paris.

      I think the example of Helen could make for another body paragraph. She is a really interesting character: Homer seems biased against her, but also depicts her as very powerful. She sits on a beautiful chair, argues with her husband, drugs him and their guests. Say more about her.

    5. “you gods persecute any goddess who even openly takes a mortal lover to her bed and sleeps with him…. And now you gods are after me for having a man” (Book V, 388)

      Remember not to end a paragraph with evidence. Is it important that the sphere of the gods is just as unfair as the realm of mortals - Zeus can sleep with as many mortal women as he wants, but no goddess is allowed to take a mortal lover?

    6. In his Odyssey, Homer does a good share of portraying woman as weak, dangerous and not to be trusted very much. 

      I think you might revise this thesis sentence. Do you mean he spends a good share of the poem doing this? Or this is his general outlook on women? Your point is clear, but I think might be developed.

    7. Although Homer created astonishing female characters in his Odyssey –  formidable goddesses with power to control human’s fate – he also created reckless ones with power to lead many men to war and destruction.

      Excellent. This sentence sets up the arrangement of ideas to follow very well.

    8. How does Homer portray women? Are they dangerous and not to be trusted too much?

      I don't think you need to begin with the question. It would probably be better just to jump right into your argument, or perhaps ask the question in your intro paragraph, and then answer it.

    1. While this may be a typical reaction in today it was worse for Sappho in her perilous times.

      Your conclusion should return to the thesis, now changed by your arguments. Avoid comparisons with "today."

    2. it can also be translated as being inferior to neighboring people or states of living.

      Very interesting. Doesn't this connect to "godlike" from the beginning of the poem?

    3. This extreme use of hyperbole is not common in the other poems of “If not, Winter”, a new form of declaration of her feelings expressing her deep love for women.

      Interesting, but you should stick to your thesis about this poem. What is new about it and how is it dangerous, connected to "peril" etc?

    4. This sudden word followed by the two stanzas of all her senses diminishing her senses, shows her collective memory of all the effects she got though time by experiencing her lover’s presence. By doing this she eliminates her statement of being speechless and explains how she felt.

      I'm confused here. She is describing how she felt?

    5. This is clearly the words of a lover. This is complimented by the remaining lines of the stanza as she expresses how her heart reacts to her lover’s words and results in her speechlessness.

      Again, connect to your thesis.

    6. Any one who is dating can relate that a man who sits and listens carefully to a woman’s conversation already score a lot of bonus points into turning a date into a relationship.

      You have already compared to present common experience in relationships. You can get away with that maybe once or twice only. Instead of comparing to our times, why don't you analyze the words of the quotes in more depth. How is this connected to your thesis about "peril?"

    7. a distance between herself and the man in all manners and approach

      Excellent. Say more about this distance. Describe it. What kind of distance are we talking about? Emotional? Physical? Difference in esteem? Power? Also, why do the words equal and opposite appear so close together? Can you connect the specific words to your argument.

    8. Though Sappho’s poems are mostly fragmented and speaks of her love for women, ceremonial times and her heartaches, Poem 31 is quite peculiar and coalesce the emotions expressed through the poems of “If Not, Winter”. Poem 31, is introduced with the first stanza of Sappho’s jealousy towards a man siting and conversing with her lover. Sappho then drifts into her subconsciousness as Stanzas two, three and four displays her symptoms of being graced by the sight of her lover. Following her exotic emotion lies the final stanza which is short and void. Per contra, it speaks the most, describing her heartache in her current situation. Despite the climax of the poem, Sappho builds the poem in an elegant setting. It begins:

      Two points: 1) Where is the thesis sentence? I don't see a single unifying idea here. What about being at peril with oneself? This is the place for that idea. 2) Your introduction paragraph should be separate from the first paragraph, in which you begin writing in CEA. Maybe a paragraph break at "despite"?

    9. at constant peril with herself

      I like this idea very much, but I am going to want you to explain exactly what you mean. How can one be "at peril with oneself?" What does that look like? What is the danger she faces?

  2. Dec 2017
    1. After all those actions, did these two characters feel guilty at all?

      Instead of a question, you will need to come up with a thesis statement in the form of a positive statement or answer. What are you going to try to prove?

    2. People are sometimes forced to live with feelings of guilt that not only affect their conscience, but can also lead to destroying their own life and even the life of others.

      I always tell students not to begin with general introductions about "people" or about "life," but by going straight into the specifics of the text you are writing about. Use the story to build toward bigger points - don't start with the big picture.

    1. I defend Oedipus because since the very first pages we can tell he was a good king, the chorus agree with him when Tiresias told him he was the reason for their disgrace “All of us saw his brilliance prevail when the winged virgin Sphinx came at him: he passed the test that won the people’s love. My heart can’t find him guilty.” (722) a good king is the one who cares for his people and Oedipus was the first one to put his chest at the plague.   No one should judge someone for what he doesn’t know, we should judge others for what they don’t know and stay at the shade. But Oedipus was determining to find the truth this ma

      I think you will need to arrive at a more satisfying conclusion. Have you answered the question that you began the essay with?

    2. Exactly the same” this terrified Oedipus, he was about to discover what he didn’t want to discover, the prophecy was about to become a reality which he couldn’t escape from.

      Several sentences in one here.

    3. “Oh, yes, wife! Why should we scour Pythian smoke of birds shrieking overhead? If signs like these had been telling the truth I would have killed my father.

      These "signs" are the signs of his fate, and so connected to your central question. You should make those connections here by looking more closely at the quotes.

    4. These lines brought peace to Oedipus and even more tranquility after a messenger came from Korinth to announce Polybos,

      Instead of just moving to the next event in the plot, you will need to analyze the quotations in more depth. What can you tell us about Jokasta and maybe also about Oedipus by thinking more closely about what she says? What do the words mean (key words, metaphors, suggestions etc)?

    5. its like punishing a kid for doing pipi on his pamper

      This is an entertaining simile; to make it work, however, you will have to explain the connection. Are you saying that Oedipus was just doing what came naturally to him? Being himself? Losing self-control? Explain.

    6. he’s innocent mind show us how he more than anyone wanted to find the cure for the disaster that slowly brought him to the news he was the murder.

      What about this quote makes you think Oedipus is particularly innocent? Explain your idea of his innocent mind further - especially as it connects to the question of him being "guilty," from your introduction.

    7. “As I approached the place where three roads joined, a herald, a colt-drawn wagon, and a man like the one you describe, met me head on. The man out front and the old man himself began to crowd me off the road. The driver, who’s forcing me aside, I smash in anger” (728).

      Remember not to end the paragraph with Evidence. You need more analysis of these quotes here throughout. Remember, that I will be looking specifically for lots of Analysis.

    8. When we think we’re running away from it is when it happens. This is what happened to Oedipus he ran away

      Here you're getting at the central irony of the story: why does trying to avoid the prophecy actually make it come true? Perhaps you can go one step further and make an argument about what that suggests about fate, as you see it.

    9. Oedipus had the will to escape his path, unfortunately we can’t escape our fortune, is something inevitable.

      Here you've got a few separate sentences combined into one again.

    10. A lot of times we encounter problems that we don’t fight and let them go, but when the consequences arrive is when we notice we should’ve deal with it before.

      Rather than turning to the general - what "we" often do when we encounter problems - you should be getting even more specific in your analysis. What can you show about the quotation by looking at the words closely (key words, metaphors, suggestions)? Why doesn't Oedipus tell his parents? What sort of knowledge did Oedipus expect or crave? How did the prophecy make him feel about the gods and their plans for humans, about prophecy, about fate?

      Remember, I am looking specifically for depth of analysis in this essay.

    11. Can you be considered guilty when faith has already set your future?

      Excellent opening question. Why doesn't the subject of guilt come up again in your introduction? I think you would be better off using this introduction to set the terms of this question, or at least discuss it a little more thoroughly. What do you mean by guilty? What is fate? This is the place to define the terms and prepare the reader for the arguments that will follow.

      Remember, your introduction should have a thesis statement - which can't be in the form of a question. That means that you will have to try to answer this in your introduction, or at least suggest an answer.

    12. We the spectators already know who did it but what we have to argue is what’s he responsible for killing his father and marrying his mother?

      Here you begin to get to the question of guilt which you raised in your introduction. If you use the same word, then it will be obvious to your reader you are returning to the subject of your essay.

    13. As we know, Thebes is being strike by a plague and all their citizens are looking for kings help, Oedipus regarding this problem send his brother in law Creon to the oracle to find a solution.

      Again, it seems like you've got two separate sentences combined into one here. Also, be careful of plot summary. A little bit in the claims is okay, but not three or four sentences of it.

    14. to live, not

      Here again, you should either change the punctuation or add a conjunction word ("but," "although") to make this grammatically correct.

    15. if not she will kill them

      This final clause could be an independent sentence; it has a subject and a verb. So you should not attach it to the end of the previous sentence following a comma. You might use another punctuation mark, like a colon, semicolon or a dash, or make it an independent sentence.

    1. a human being could not change what the gods had decided

      Is this whole story about the relationship between humans and the gods? We've seen that in other Greek stories. If so, perhaps you can interpret what Sophocles is telling us about that relationship.

    2. we understand that Oedipus’ mistakes were part of his fate, because making those mistakes were part of accomplishing what was laid out for him.

      This is an interesting idea and deserves to be considered more in the body paragraphs of the essay.

    3. Fate, here, can be depicted as a Main road where all the other roads eventually lead, no matter what you do it is impossible to venture off the path made for you.

      Interesting, but I still think you should consider how it is exactly the trying to avoid the main road that leads all these characters to it. That suggests something important.

    4. In this long text he learns that everything he believed has been a lie from the get go. Oedipus wasn’t truly a member of the royal family in Corinth, but the child of his current wife/mother who was sent away to die, originally, in order to avoid the fulfillment of the prophecies of Oedipus committing the 2 atrocious sins of Incest and Patricide.

      Rather than repeating the plot points here, you should consider the words of the quotation in more depth. What role do fear and pity play in the completion of the prophecy, for example? What does it mean that his "birth" has doomed him? Why did the shepherd not follow instructions? Was it perhaps because he didn't believe the prophecies Jokasta feared, and if so, is this another reminder about the danger of ignoring the gods?

    5. “She gave the child to you? She gave him, King. To do what? I was to let it die. Kill her own Child? She feared Prophecies. What Prophecies? That this child would kill his father. Why, then, did you give him to this old man? Out of pity, master. I hoped this man would take him back to his own land. But that man saved him for this- the worst grief of all. If the child he speaks of is you, master, now you know: your birth has doomed you. […] You see now what I am the child who must not be born! I love where I must not love! I killed where I must not kill!” [p.737-738 l.1324-1342]

      You might use a slash or something to differentiate between the different speakers in this quotation.

    6. n the long run nothing ended up stopping what was supposed to happen from transpiring.

      In fact, isn't it the case that it is exactly trying to avoid the prophecy that makes the prophecy come true? This is the real irony here, the mystery that Sophocles presents us with, and which I think you still need to consider. If Laius and Jokasta and Oedipus had not tried to avoid their fate, would it have still come true? Avoiding it is what makes it come true. Why? What does Sophocles want to show us?

    7. We stay to catch the moment where it all becomes clear to Oedipus that this whole ti

      This paragraph deserves some Evidence from this moment. Can you find a quotation showing everything becoming clear to Oedipus? It would make your argument much stronger, and perhaps you will find some details to analyze in it that can make this argument a little more complex.

    8. I don’t say Apollo himself sent it, but the priests who interpret him did.

      You might analyze this quote in greater depth. Here, for example, Jokasta expresses her doubts about whether the oracle is true, or if it truly comes from Apollo. The question arises of whether all prophecies are true prophecies, if some might be the misinterpretations of priests, and if people must believe every prophecy they hear. Jokasta seems to suggest that the prophecy can sometimes be wrong, or wrongly interpreted - even though we know that won't be true in Oedipus's case.

    9. officially.

      Perhaps rather than just saying, "officially," you might point out that the audience is probably aware of who the killer of Laius really is and how that generates suspense. Something more along those lines here, I think, would help.

    10. t is a mysterious one at that

      It is mysterious but at the same time, unlike the oracles usually do, this one "made his meaning very clear."

    11. the rhetoric

      I'm not sure rhetoric is the right word here. Rhetoric usually means speech or discourse. If you mean to say that it gets mentioned a lot, you should be more specific.

    12. To prove this statement, we will first discuss the moments in the play where fate rears its stubborn head, then we will look at how it is used to create suspense thanks to the dramatic irony (Their denial Our knowledge), and we’ll finish by focusing on its inescapability thanks to the tragic plot.

      This is excellent.

    13. used fate as a point of suspense to focus on the fact that it is inescapable

      I'm not quite certain what you mean by "a point of suspense" here? Do you mean that it generated suspense, because we know ahead of time what Oedipus's fate is?

    14. polarized

      I'm not sure polarized is exactly the right word here. Usually, when we say polarized we mean split between two poles, divided, or in an argument. I'm not sure what the split would be for Oedipus's audience - though the play certainly leaves us disturbed, shocked, stunned, etc. If you do mean "divided," perhaps you can say more to clarify.

    1. ur tension and intensity doesn’t compare the one of Oedipus

      I think the question of the "intensity" of the viewer's experience should be considered before the conclusion.

    2. – but one thing is for sure. We

      This would seem to be the beginning of a new sentence. Check your punctuation. It's a good idea to try to keep each idea in a separate sentence.

    3. most importantly for himself.

      Again, I still want to know why Oedipus needs to find the truth so badly. This is one way your essay can expand.

    4. Oedipus honesty and truth to knowledge

      I'm not so clear what you mean here, and I think it might be worthwhile thinking a little bit more about why Oedipus wants the truth so badly. Is he just fundamentally an honest guy? Or is there some part of him that needs to know - and if so, why?

    5. he can easily bend the “evidence” to favor him by saying that the opposite of herdsman thus making the prophecy a false one.

      I don't quite understand what you mean here. Is it that Oedipus could lie about it all and ignore it if he wanted to? Is that what Jokasta has been doing?

    6. And Oedipus fears are at mercy of the Herdsman’s testimony.

      Excellent point. This is the moment where the play really seems like a sort of detective story. He is uncovering the crucial testimony.

    7. “pays no wise man to possess”

      Tiresias also receives no thanks for his knowledge. On the contrary, Oedipus only threatens him because of it. Is knowledge like this dangerous to everyone?

    8. knowledge is sometimes full of dreadfulness

      I think you can analyze this quote further. What kind of knowledge is particularly dreadful here? If it is self-knowledge, then why is knowing ones' self so painful? We normally think that it is a good thing to 'know thyself,' but one ironic thing about Oedipus's story is that discovering who he really is makes Oedipus miserable and tragic.

    9. but we can see “nothing” will stop him which shows his honesty, strength and truthiness’ to knowledge and truth.

      We the audience, however, are aware or at least suspect that he himself is the killer. Again, I think some discussion of this dramatic irony would make your arguments more complex.

    10. For they knew this will be of tremendous pain for him.

      This sentence is the only part of your introduction which seems incomplete to me; perhaps you could think more about dramatic irony here. The audience also knows that Oedipus is heading toward "tremendous pain." Oedipus is the only one who doesn't see it coming.

    11. When Oedipus embarks in the quest to find a solution of Thebes plague, he is, as told from the town leaders the wises and most knowledgeable of them all, therefore he is the indicated to solve this problem — just as he solved the riddle of the sphinx.

      This sentence is a bit confusing as written. Try to simply if it and separate separate ideas into separate sentences if necessary.

    1. extremism

      What do you mean by extremism here? Is it Medea's extreme actions? Medea's deconstruction of social norms like motherhood or marriage? Be more specific about what you mean with this word. I think you might even develop this sentence into a more complete thesis statement about Euripides' intentions in writing this play.

    2. This shows how the responsibility of parenthood relays more on the mother than on the father.

      Can you say more about what you mean here? It's not so clear to me yet. What about the quotation suggests it?

    3. Here we can feel the tone of sarcasms of Euripides when he writes “for malice though, our wisdom is unmatched” He makes fun of the overconfidence of Creon and the way women are seem helpless but when the time comes they can be very powerful, revengeful and wise.

      Good point. Why do you think Euripides is so sarcastic? Is he disdainful of sexist attitudes like Creon's? Does Creon get what he deserves? Do you think Euripides is attacking the sexist norms of Greek society?

    4. Hera represents Medea, both women betrayed and both women vengeful.

      Excellent point here about Hera. That is a really good observation. Also, Jove, Hera's husband, is a total cheater just like Jason.

      I think this point about Hera might make for an excellent conclusion, but it seems separate from the rest of the paragraph. Maybe you should say more about why Medea seems insane to some people, and then save this Hera stuff for an independent conclusion paragraph.

    5. It may have been selfish but why was is not selfish when Jason did not do anything to make sure his children stay with him?

      I think I see what you mean here - that Jason was also selfish, so why shouldn't Medea be selfish - but this sentence is confusing as written.

    6. They attribute Medea’s behavior to craziness because they are not able to see the where the mother finishes and the woman starts.

      This is a really interesting idea. You should consider it in your paragraph on motherhood. How do these two social norms - woman and mother - conflict in Medea's behavior and why does that conflict make some see her as crazy?

    7. Euripides was looking to show this other side of a woman to let the audience know the capability of a women and the even scarier capability of a women on despair.

      Excellent final claims here.

    8. This shows

      You might vary the sentence structure for your Analysis instead of beginning each sentence with "this shows." Readers will understand that you are analyzing the quote without it.

    9. She is not only a wise person but also a strategic one

      Here your argument might run into a problem: how is what she is doing so different from what Jason does? She is also trying to cover up her faults with her tongue - she lies to Creon to convince him to let her stay one more day.

      This might not be such a problem for your argument, if you show how she is judged by a different standard than Jason is for doing it, for example. Why, for example, is it wise and strategic for her to do this, whereas or Jason to do it is base and deceitful?

    10. His tongue represents the power of the speech of a man. A word said by a man was more powerful, accurate and even wiser than a word said by a woman regardless of truth.

      Perhaps your arguments here could be connected to something that Jason specifically says. He also tries to cover up his faults with his tongue, when he makes that unbelievable argument to Medea claiming that he is leaving her for her own good.

    11. This shows the lack of empathy he can feel towards the kids

      Doesn't he end up by giving her until the end of the day to leave, exactly because he feels empathy?

    12. He then also portrays the bias opinion of society

      Perhaps it would be stronger to say something more specific than the bias opinion of society. Do we see, in Medea's banishment and Jason's marriage, a double standard - one for men and one for women - in which the women are punished and the men rewarded?

    13. In Greece specially going to battle and coming back as a hero and victorious was one of the greatest honor

      Very true, and it was a specifically male thing to do. Going to battle and coming back as a hero was like the most male social role possible. I think you can say a bit more about how Euripides specifically challenges gender roles and societies lack of appreciation for motherhood here.

    14. “Men should really have some other method for getting children. The whole female race should not exist. It’s nothing but nuisance.

      Great quotation. When he says "getting children" he means "begetting children," and so he is literally insulting motherhood. This would seem to support your argument.

    15. This is ironic considering that

      I'm not sure you need this language at the beginning of the sentence. However, I like the point very much. What is Euripides pointing out? Do you think that Medea's revenge is a response to Jason insulting "motherhood"?

    16. Lastly. W

      Nice job laying out the points you are going to cover and the organization of body paragraphs here. That is a great way to use introductions.

    17. Even though most acts of evil are Medea’s doing she is still justified and favored by the author.

      Interesting. I expect you will draw this contrast in your arguments too: she might be doing something "evil," but because of the context it is still justified.

      I wonder if you can write one more sentence here summarizing this strange double perspective on Medea: what does Euripides accomplish by balancing both her guilt and her justification? If you write a little bit more, you might write a more complete thesis sentence.

    1. Jason was more than ready to banish his kids, so what makes Medea killing their kids any different?

      Rather than ending with a question, you will need a conclusion. I think that this essay still needs a few more paragraphs too. Most of all, I think it needs to be organized according to either a discussion of the different societal norms Medea breaks, or the three themes you outline in your introduction: 1) patriarchy, 2) human fragility, and 3) social views on women. By organized, I mean separated into paragraphs on these different subjects. Once you have written more, it will be easier to write a strong conclusion.

    2. Though it may sound harsh, it’s the truth.

      Do you think Medea should be praised for telling the truth, though it might sound harsh? Is she a social critic, or does she have her own best interests at heart? She may be trying to convince the chorus (of women) to be on her side. Is it important that the chorus is all women?