1,021 Matching Annotations
  1. Dec 2017
    1. but beside the heinous nature of her crimes, her actions negate societal norms.

      This is an excellent set up for the arguments of your essay. After this, you should describe what societal norms Medea's actions negate, and why and how.

      You might organize your essay this way: for example, making the first paragraph 1) about how Medea's story negates the traditional social norm of the obedient wife, then making the second paragraph 2) about how Medea's story negates the traditional social norm of the loving mother, etc.

    2. The killing of her kids just further chipped away at the image society had of women during the time this tragedy was written and now. Not all women are meant or want to be mothers; not all women have an innate emotional connection with their children.

      This seems to me to deserve a paragraph of its own, with evidence. Isn't the deconstruction of the cliché of motherhood a big theme in Medea? Can you find some evidence to analyze for this point?

    3. It takes a strong person to venture to the ends of the Earth and through the depths of hell all in the name of love and Medea did just that.

      Excellent points. Medea is most definitely a strong person. What do you mean by "the cookie cutter outline of a woman?" Is this another of the societal norms? Explain.

    4. During this time, the role of women in Greek society was strikingly similar to those of modern times. Women were supposed to be seen and not heard. They were seen as sex objects; expected to just bear children, tend to the needs of the home, play maid to their husbands and be powerless.

      Though this may be true, you should build your arguments from evidence in the text. What in the play suggests all this? Find some quotations.

    5. Medea is more than a tragedy about a disgruntled wife who killed her children after being devastated by her husbands disloyalty. Medea is about the oppressive nature of patriarchy, the fragility of the human heart, and the deconstruction of societies views on women.

      Excellent beginning. During the course of your essay, you should plan on describing 1) the oppressive nature of patriarchy - as it appears in the play 2) the fragility of the human heart - as it appears in the play, and 3) social views on women and their deconstruction - as they appear in the play.

      You've set it up beautifully. Your introduction organizes your arguments. Now you just have to follow through.

    6. We make ourselves the most viable women on the market, we make ourselves smaller to attract a husband because that’s the only thing we can possibly imagine to be is a wife, we turn a blind eye to our husbands infidelity, we have children we don’t want, we betray our own flesh and blood in the name of what we think to be love and all the while, the person we sacrificed so much for, cheats on us.

      This is really a long sentence. I think you should probably separate it into a number of different sentences.

    1. Hamlets severe depression and mission affecting his mentality also affect his actions. This leads to many of Hamlets questionable actions in the play, Hamlet plain and simple had gone insane and his actions become more and more confusing to justify.

      You have some excellent analysis in this essay, but the thesis is really not complete, and so you can't do much with this conclusion but repeat yourself. Also, I don't think you've shown that Hamlet has "gone insane," as he is also working to complete a sort of mission or duty.

    2. (even though confusingly enough he murders Polonius later and doesn’t care).

      Excellent point. Can you draw a conclusion from this? What does it tell us about Hamlet's decision making process?

    3. he is now the ghost vessel of vengeance

      Interesting. Do you think he is possessed or in the ghost's power? Has Hamlet lost his decision making ability?

    4. Imagine having a goal and coming so close to completing it, but then realizing you made no progress at all is a good summary of Hamlets rage here.

      Here you have two sentence combined into one incomplete sentence again.

    5. “Not this, by no means, that I bid you do: Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed; Pinch wanton on your cheek; call you his mouse; And let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, or paddling in your neck with his damn’d fingers, Make you to ravel all this matter out, That I essentially am not in madness, But mad in craft. ‘Twere good you let him know; For who, that’s but a queen, fair, sober, wise, Would from a paddock, from a bat, a gib, Such dear concernings hide? who would do so? No, in despite of sense and secrecy, Unpeg the basket on the house’s top. Let the birds fly, and, like the famous ape, To try conclusions, in the basket creep, And break your own neck down”

      Don't quote any more than you need to. You should be analyzing every line that you quote.

    6. Harsh language and bloody violence collide in this scene, as Hamlet thought that Claudius was behind the curtains explaining his quick strike to kill whoever was their.

      Exactly. Hasn't Hamlet also said something about how he will "speak daggers but use none" too? That would be a good example of harsh language and bloody violence combining, metaphorically.

    7. “Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell! I took thee for thy better: take thy fortune; Thou find’st to be too busy is some danger. Leave wringing of your hands: peace! sit you down, And let me wring your heart; for so I shall, If it be made of penetrable stuff, If damned custom have not brass’d it so That it is proof and bulwark against sense” (H

      Indent long quotes

    8. Here, unlike his encounter with Ophelia, is when he begins to exhibit a violent side. Seeing Claudius run off during the poison murder scene in the play, it becomes clear to Hamlet that Claudius killed his father and confronts his mother. The ghost of his father had guided him to this path to seek revenge but had warned Hamlet not to hurt his mother. During their argument , Hamlet notices some ruffling behind the curtains and goes ahead to stab whoever was their not even knowing who was there.  Its non other than Polinios  who was stabbed, Ophelias father, and then Hamlet shrugs of this killing as “not a big deal”. 

      Be careful. This is plot summary. Don't summarize the plot, analyze it.

    9. Hamlet himself being emotionally damaged must give himself some kind of positive feeling when he destroys her and makes her emotionally damaged just like him.

      I very much agree, but I think this would be stronger if you found some evidence from the text to support it as a quotation.

      Also, can you say more about this "positive feeling" you mention? Really interesting point but you leave it unexplained.

    10. Hamlet is letting his emotional frustration out on her because she is someone that knows him well, that isn’t directly connected to Claudius in a way.

      Nice point and well put - he does take it out on her.

    11. This means that her beauty corrupts her honesty and her honesty corrupts her beauty making her someone unlovable.

      Excellent. This is the kind of analysis I will be looking for.

    12. Hamlet is seen insulting Ophelia many times throughout act three,

      Much better, here, to say specifically that Hamlet insults Ophelia. That is clear direct language.

    13. affect his actions

      How do they "affect his actions"? It would be much better to say, specifically, make him hesitate to kill Claudius, if that's what you mean. Again, that something "affects his actions" is really vague.

    14. make the reader think he has issues.

      To say someone has issues is appropriate informally - we all know what it means. But in an essay like this, which is specifically about Hamlet's "issues," you will want to say exactly what you mean. How can you analyze in depth when you refer to Hamlet's dilemma as him having "issues"?

    15. Some factors to consider are how other characters like Horatio see the ghost but only Hamlet can speak to it. He’s also the only one who sees or hears the ghost when it shows up in his mother, Gertrude’s chamber to remind Hamlet to not lay physical harm to her (act 3, scene 4, lines126-131).

      Excellent point. This is good analysis.

    16. Hamlet says here that the grief he bears daily is much too much and he cant find any new happiness around him and he would rather just die.

      Nice. Can you take this analysis further. What possible "uses" does he see as not worth his time? Perhaps one of them is to kill his uncle and become king.

      You should do more analysis here and then end the paragraph with final claims. Remember, though, I am looking specifically at depth of analysis.

    17. it reflects on his feelings and how his mood is at the moment.

      Nice point. I wonder if you can connect this argument about his clothes to the speech he makes in act one saying, "I have that within me which passeth show."

    18. The play opens up with Hamlet

      Is this a new paragraph? Please tell me that it was just a copy and paste issue that makes this whole essay look like one paragraph. You need to separate and indent.

    19. as mental issues

      What are mental issues? What issues specifically? Again, mental issues is so broad that it could mean basically anything at all.

    20. his human nature

      What about his human nature? The phrase, 'Human nature,' is so broad that it could mean just about anything at all, anything that humans do.

    21. Hamlets insanity affects his actions making him look crazy.

      Think about this sentence. You're saying, essentially, 'Hamlet's craziness makes him act crazy and that makes him look crazy.' What are you really trying to explain here?

    22. that affects how he thinks leading to affecting his actions as a whole

      I think you are combining two separate ideas into one sentence here. Try to make form each sentence with one idea. After you have done that, then you can connect them.

    23. questionable traits

      What do you mean by "questionable?" Questionable traits and questionable actions? You will have to be more specific with what you mean with this word.

    1. being rational which is to be able to think about the positive and negative of things before making a decision.

      Here you tell us what you think it means to be rational. Why haven't you shown us Medea doing this or not doing it? Why don't you explain how she feels, or whether or not she thinks about the positive and negative sides of her actions? That would make your argument much more compelling.

    2. Even though Medea has been betrayed by her husband she can’t in any way be possibly defended for her action and we need to understand what could have been done to avoid Medea to commit that much crime.

      I don't think defending or not defending her is as interesting a question as the conflict between reason and revenge which you have mentioned several times. I would focus on that.

    3. Though Medea is cursed from her husband betrayal she is obsessed by vengeance than rational then she overstepped the boundaries of justice by the killing of people around her husband and especially her own children just to satisfy her desire.

      You seem to have several ideas pressed together in one sentence - which ends up not being grammatically complete. Separate each idea into a separate sentence.

    4. People always seek for revenge when they get hurt from other but Medea’s revenge has been by committing murder and murder which is in no way justify in legal or moral point of view. Medea’s passion for revenge because of the wrong and injustice done by her husband but no matter how hurt she is there is no excuse for the murder of a person for revenge and especially Medea killed several people including her own children.

      These arguments are not at all connected to the quote above. This is not a CEA paragraph without Analysis of the Evidence.

    5. this long speech explains Medea’s rage

      This speech describes Medea's plan - it doesn't really explain anything. You are not really using these quotes from the text correctly; instead of finding quotes that you think will help you make your point, you need to look deeper into the meanings of confusing or complex parts of the play, in order to ask the questions you want to ask, and to try to answer them. How can you analyze Medea's plan for revenge? Perhaps you can find something more complex than this.

    6. Also the main character’s passion ends up with the ability to become a strength and motivation for her avengement. The main character deep love for her husband causes her do to anything for him and by being played back with a betrayal from her husband made her crazy and irrational.

      This is all repetition. You have said this earlier in the essay.

    7. the boundaries of justice

      What are the boundaries of justice? What does this have to do with reason? With seeing the positives and the negatives?

    8. To which she replies

      Why is this part of the quotation? Is this in the book? If not, you'll need put it outside of the quotation marks.

    9. Though the main character is suffering for unethical treatment from her husband Jason for his betrayal, and the king Creon for his unfairness by deciding to kick her out of Corinth.

      Remember, if you start a sentence with "though," that makes it a subordinate clause. This sentence is incomplete because it has not main clause.

    10. Definitely, Medea is worthy of condemnatio

      I don't the question of whether Medea is worthy of condemnation is a strong enough thesis. Your idea about how her revenge is more important than reason seems to me like a more interesting thesis. You should be building your essay around that, not this question of condemnation.

    11. This paragraph also led us to understand the theme revenge in Medea which is like saying “what goes around comes around” in the sense that Medea has a strong desire to get back from Jason what he did to her.

      I don't understand what any of this sentence is doing here. Of course, revenge is a theme. Of course, Medea wants to get back at Jason. Go into more depth.

    12. obody is allow to make justice by himself and especially by killing other individuals

      This is an excellent point. Nobody is allowed to make their own justice. Find evidence from the text to support it. Otherwise, it won't seem relevant to Medea's story.

    13. is insane.

      Insane how? You'll need to explain your arguments in more depth here. Also, how does this connect to the quotation above? Though you may feel very certain about your perspective, you need to use the evidence to construct an argument supporting your position. Unless you analyze the quotations, your argument won't be connected to them. Remember, I will be looking for depth of analysis.

    14. In life people most of the time regret good thing they have done for others when those are not grateful or hurt them and especially when the person don’t fulfill their expectations.

      Don't make general arguments about "life." Make arguments about the play, and use the quotations from the text to do it.

    15. I have gone to war with those whom I had no reason at all to hurt

      Here is a key piece of evidence. Why don't you mention it at all in your analysis? Isn't she admitting that she acted voluntarily, with "no reason at all" for doing so other than because it would help Jason. You need to be analyzing these quotations in more depth. Remember, that depth of analysis is the key grading criteria for this essay.

    16. Medea ‘crime is cruel and can’t be justify because is it illegal to kill a person but Medea’s crime here is more than an illegal act, you understand her barbarian behavior.

      How did Medea kill Pelias? What does it have to do with Medea's own crimes? (She kills her children; Pelias's daughters killed him.) Why are these crimes all between parents and children?

    17. by even killing her own brother, her father left her land for her husband.

      Be careful: this sounds like two or three sentences combined in to one. Separate each idea into a separate sentence.

    18. her action can’t be defended because she is consumed by revenge over reason.

      What do you mean by "reason" here? You have made some good points in this introduction about why she wants revenge, but nothing yet about reason or rationality. Is revenge irrational, and if so, why?

    19. – I think the first introduction should be changed a bit. Less summarizing and more a preview of your analysis.

      Please use the Hypothesis plug-in to make comments.

    1. And because of this uncertainty he had even more cause for hesitation to get revenge.

      You seem to still need a few more arguments and a conclusion, but you're on the right track so far. Keep going.

    2. Here we also see how Hamlets duty played a major part in his hesitation to keep a promise he made to the Ghost and leave his mother out of his revenge, but Hamlet wasn’t sure of his mother’s role in the father death but he held contempt towards her because she remarried his Uncle so soon after his father’s death and this made him question if she was involved.

      This are a few excellent points here. Hesitating because he had "contempt" for his mother is really interesting. But I think you've got a few separate ideas pressed together again here, and this would be better as several sentences.

    3. how duty played a major role in Hamlets hesitation for revenge.

      What role specifically did it play? It would be better to describe it specifically here. To say it played a role is very general.

    4. And if he did go back to school where he wished to be it would be Opposed by them for him to do so, being immediate to the throne held a lot of responsibility on Hamlet which he knew he couldn’t have revenge for his father death immediately it would take time and strategy, which contributed to his hesitation.

      It seems like you've got a few separate ideas mixed together here. I think you should separate this into multiple sentences. Try to limit it to one basic idea per sentence, and then connect them.

    5. oking at you.

      After all of this great analysis, you should make some final claims connecting them back to your overall thesis, and preparing for the next paragraph.

    6. where we can see his Duty to the country being placed before his feeling. He wasn’t allowed to grieve for his father like another son for a Father, he had to show strength for his county,

      Great analysis! This is the kind of close attention to the words of the quotations that I am looking for.

    7. Hamlets seemed to have been struggling with a moral dilemma because of his title, and because of this duty he was constantly told what was required of him to do by everyone else but himself.

      This is a great point, but I think you should go further. How does Hamlet duty conflict with his mission to get revenge specifically. Spell it out for your readers. What about his duty means he can't get revenge?

    8. Hamlets inability to make decisions on his own because he is the Prince and many decisions throughout his life was made for him by his Mother and the King.

      Interesting thesis! Very original.

    1. Destiny is such thing that no one has control over. No matter how hard a person try to change his/her bad fate, what meant to happen will happen anyway. Sometimes person’s proudness, anger and high temper also bring a very bad result.

      Don't wait until the last sentence of your introduction to mention Oedipus. If you don't mention him in the first sentence, you should do so by the second. Don't start with these general claims about "destiny"; start with the story of Oedipus and connect it to destiny.

    2. t this own fault brought him to fac

      Can you say more about this problem: yes it was his fate and he also brought it on himself?

      We talked about this a little bit. You have a two-part thesis, so you'll have to keep pointing out that the answer is complicated and that both ways of looking at Oedipus's story are true.

    3. Here his decision to leave Korinth without asking Polybos where they found him was wrong decision which made him go to the direction she shouldn’t go. And by taking that way he met Louis and killed him.

      Remember, you should have three lines of analysis for every line of quotation. I will be specifically looking for deeper analysis in this essay. Maybe you can analyze some key words from these quotes?

    4. Another negativity in his character was his instant decision making which was another worst reason for him to face his fate.

      It seems like this "negativity in his character" is another reason why he wasn't simply a victim. Can you connect this to your overall thesis, that he was a victim but he also brought it on himself?

    5. You have blind eyes, blind ears, and a blind brain. You survive in the grip of black unbroken night.

      It seems like you might connect this quote to Oedipus's own blindness. He himself is trying not to see his fate come true, and when it does, he will blind himself. What does blindness have to do with self-knowledge?

    6. Here we clearly see how his anger helped him to fulfill his terrible fate.

      Wouldn't this make him less a "victim" of his fate, and more like someone who brought his fate on himself?

    7. so when he was going far from korinth he met his real father Louis and killed him without knowing

      Instead of just saying, this was his fate, maybe you can tell us how it shows that his fate was inescapable. Connect it to your main argument.

    8. As soon as Oedipus heard from Apollo he will kill his father and will be his mother’s lover he ran away from the city he grew up to avoid the oracle.

      The quotation already tells us this. Analyze it, don't summarize it.

    9. which totally prove Oedipus was victim of fate

      You're going to have to make stronger connections here; how does this "totally prove" that Oedipus was a victim of fate? What do you mean by a victim of fate? More analysis needed.

    10. He thought messenger will take the baby far so that the destiny will change.

      True, but can you connect this to your central question about how fate is inescapable?

    11. When Oedipus was only 3 days old his father heard about this oracle that this baby will kill him one day .So he pinned the baby’s ankle together and order to leave it up to the mountain so that it dies. He tried to kill his own child to avoid the fate but couldn’t. The Herdsman who had the order to kill the 3 days old Oedipus saved the baby out of pity.

      Be careful, this is much more like plot summary than analysis. When you analyze quotes, try to interpret them, not just repeat the story. Remember, depth of analysis will be the key grading criteria for this essay. I am expecting you to analyze more deeply than this.

    12. In page Jokasta said, “a long time back, an oracle reached Laios…It was that Laios was destined to die at the hand of a son born to him and me. Yet, as Rumer had it, foreign bandits killed Laios at a place where three roads meet. But the child was barely three days old when Laios pinned its ankle joints together then had it left, by some one else’s hands, high up a mountain far from any roads” ( line 825-836)

      Remember to indent long quotations.

    13. “Oedipus the king” Sophocles the king Oedipus was victim of fate however his own fault helped him to face his terrible destiny.

      I think you can make this thesis more complex. How does it connect to the quote that you start your introduction with? What does it tell us about fate and choices?

    14. “It might take a year, it might take a day, but what meant to be will always find a way”.

      Nice creative beginning, but you will need to tell us where this came from. Perhaps it is a popular saying? If so, say so.

    1. This begs the question; does Jokasta emphatically believe that Oedipus had died as a baby, or is this a case of self-denial by Jokasta to mask the truth?

      Interesting question. Perhaps your essay deserves a paragraph on Jokasta. You should certainly consider if Oedipus is in denial too. Denial is a word we use to suggest exactly the sort of thing about Oedipus I have tried to argue: that he knows more than he seems to know.

      However, you should answer all these questions during the course of the essay; the conclusion is not the place for them. I don't see a conclusion here.

    2. Instead of being the skeptical and insecure man he was in Kornith, he becomes a confident and heroic figure, seeking to avenge the death of the former King Laios.

      Interesting point. Why? Or is he still insecure underneath it all, which would explain why he snaps on Tiresias and Creon so quickly?

    3. After fleeing his homeland of Kornith, Oedipus successfully solves the riddle of the Sphinx to become the King of Thebes.

      This entire paragraph is just plot summary. Use your transition sentences to advance specific claims. You begin every paragraph in this draft with plot summary, and it makes your essay seem like a play-by-play of the plot. You have to find a more creative way to connect your arguments.

      Probably, the issue is that this essay doesn't have much of a thesis yet. It is the thesis that should connect it all together.

    4. Oedipus’ insecurity is at an all-time high at this point

      Does this have anything to do with the encounter at the crossroads? Remember, this is all the moment when he kills Laius without realizing who it is. His description of it is bizarre, like road rage. "And then I killed them all," he says.

    5. Although it seemed that Oedipus was attempting to avoid his fate, he was indirectly fulfilling his unfortunate prophecies.

      Here is the strange irony of Oedipus's story: what does it suggest about fate and free will, that trying to avoid his fate is what leads him to fulfill the prophecy? Take your analysis deeper.

    6. However, this encounter triggered a sense of insecurity that seemingly plagues Oedipus throughout the play. Before this confrontation, Oedipus was a content young man, who never questioned the legitimacy of his parents.

      Are we so sure that Oedipus never had any doubts. It seems more likely to me that he was only upset by the drunk guy because he already suspected something wasn't right. One question this play raises is the issue of knowing oneself; how well does Oedipus know himself? Is it possible to really know himself? I suspect he knows more than he seems to all along.

    7. Oedipus encountered “a man who had drunk too much whine claimed I was not my father’s son”

      Careful; when including quotations in your sentences makes sure the end result is grammatically correct.

    8. All in all, despite Oedipus’ admirable pursuit to avenge his father’s death, he couldn’t avoid the unfortunate sequence of prophecies that plagued him from birth.

      You need to develop this thesis into a more dramatic question. As of now, it is well written and makes sense - but there's nothing much at stake. What does Oedipus's story show about the nature of trying to avoid one's fate or about ignoring prophecy? Answer a bigger question.

    9. This chaotic sequence of events

      Which sequence of events? Perhaps chaotic is not the right word, as the idea of chaos seems to contradict your argument about predetermination. Or maybe the whole paradox can be found in that contradiction: that what seems like chaos was really the plan all along?

    10. From the moment of birth, every individual has a purpose in life.

      You should avoid general statements like this in your first sentence. It is much better to begin with the specifics of the text and your argument - ie something about Oedipus's story - than with a sweeping statements about life in general. Start with the specific details and build towards the big picture.

    1. However, how come it allows her to murder the children

      Excellent question (without a question mark) but I think you will need to rephrase this so that it seems more like an argument rather than a question and an answer. Can you build toward this judgement - which i think is right on - that she is selfish, weak, in a word, human? You could do so by connecting all of your arguments to that idea.

    2. She feels rejected by everyone; she can’t trust anyone. She can’t let the enemies laugh at her – that’s understandable.

      This is very nice analysis. You might go a little further and say why you think it's understandable that she doesn't want her enemies to laugh at her. This seems to me to be the most problematic part of her character, and perhaps a sign of ego.

    3. some serious psychological trauma

      What do you mean by trauma here? What sort of injury has she suffered, and how has she reacted? I'm glad you didn't argue that she was crazy here, because she doesn't seem crazy to me - but the word trauma is general and could imply many things. Perhaps it would be useful to recall what Fiona Shaw said about Medea being in a state of extremity - sometimes people are pushed to the limit. What sort of a limit is Medea crossing?

    4. Admittedly, we may picture Jason as a villain of this play, until the moment when Medea decides to kill her children.

      Why does that change everything? What is the purpose of toying with our emotions and surprising us like this?

    5. However, we could still feel sorry for her because she was being betrayed.

      Are we meant to sympathize with her? Of course, we do. But what is the purpose of making us feel sorry for someone who does something so horrible? Perhaps you could think about why Euripides wants us to feel sorry for her.

    6. As we can observe Medea blames everyone but herself.

      Excellent point. Do you think it suggests that she feels guilty for what she is about to do? And if so, does that mean she is not quite as crazy as it seems? In a court of law, any admission that you knew a crime was wrong might mean you could not plead insanity, for example.

    7. edea is in envy of her husband because he’s from “here,”

      Jason is actually a foreigner also. They are a sort of family of refugees or exiles. But the quote you mention above is really interesting and perfect: Medea seems to be saying that the chorus can't understand what it's like to be separated from one's family and homeland. Is this part of Medea's justification for what she's about to do?

    8. Later on, she keeps on coming up with others to blame

      Why do you think she keeps looking for more and more people to blame? Is it perhaps that she is deflecting attention away from her own guilty conscience - something that guilty people often do?

    9. First Paragraph – Like the int

      Why aren't you using Hypothesis for annotations. I can't give you full credit for this. It's not very difficult to use the program, and if you're having trouble, please ask for help.

    10. 2 thoughts on “2nd Essay – 1st Draft – Alina Fadeyeva”

      Why aren't you using Hypothesis for annotations? I can't give you full credit for this. It's not very difficult to use the program, and if you're having trouble, please ask for help.

    11. he talks about unfair rights and unequal opportunities that men and women have; she believes women are constantly being treated wrongly.

      This is very nicely put. Can you connect it more specifically to her story? Is this what happened to Medea? There is actually some irony here, perhaps, because what kind of dowry did Medea pay for Jason?

    12. The idea that a mother can blame her own children for her misfortune is unfair and wrongful itself. How can a parent accuse his offspring of anything at all?

      Why? Are you saying that the children are innocent victims? Certainly, that is not always the case.

    13. his is when it becomes unacceptable.

      Unacceptable to who? Perhaps, rather than just saying that it is unacceptable, you can consider the morality. What is the difference and why do you think this is a line that she crosses?

    14. Oh, god. How long for the comfort of death. I hate this life. I wish I could leave it.”

      I wonder if you can say more about Medea's longing for death - this seems an interesting part of her character. How does this connect to what she does later in the play? Unlike many characters in tragedy, she survives. Why?

    15. Jason’s – her husband’s betrayal was something that mattered the most to her – it

      Check your use of dashes for a parenthetical statement here. Could you remove the parenthetical statement and the sentence would be intact?

    16. The first question that comes to mind after reading the play – can Medea’s actions be defended? Also, can the murder of your own children be possibly justified?

      These are good questions to consider. However, for your final draft, you will have to write a thesis that answers them. The thesis must be a positive statement arguing a position - not a question. You can answer them in creative ways, of course.

    1. I need to work on getting more evidence and expanding the analysis for my evidence to connect it more to my thesis.

      You are on your way to a good essay here. Keep writing.

    2. He first has to put on a show to everyone.

      This includes a literal "show," or performance. I think you can expand this idea of Hamlet's show into a paragraph. What kind of "show" is it? What is the purpose of the "show?" How do the other characters react? Why does it help Hamlet "justify" his revenge?

    3. “How strange or odd soe’er I bear myself, as I perchance hereafter shall think meet to put an antic disposition on, that you, at such times seeing me, never shall” (168-171).  So from this point i

      Perhaps you could follow this quotation up with some examples of Hamlet's "acting crazy" - there are plenty of them. That might give you some more material to analyze; maybe you could even go deeper into the question of justification, as you see it.

    4. He is unsure of himself if he can do this or not

      This is an interesting point. Can you connect it more closely to the quotation? Where do you get the sense that he is unsure of himself? If it is from the word "coward," maybe you can consider the question of cowardice and if Hamlet is a coward at more length. Go into more depth. REMEMBER that depth of analysis is the key grading criteria for this essay.

    5. amlet is also s

      Where is the Analysis? Don't just use Evidence just to support your claims - analyze the words of the quotations. That is the only way to develop more complex arguments in CEA style.

    6. He also wants to put on an act and make everyone think he is crazy before he takes any action so that it would be justified.

      This sentence doesn't really explain WHY he puts on an act: do you mean that his feigned madness will justify his revenge, and if so, what do you mean by justified?

    7. hat the information of his death

      Your sentence would be more exciting if you specified what kind of "information" you mean here; if you said, for example, the story of his murder, your sentence would be more compelling.

    1. After looking at examples of irony and stories from characters in the text, it is clear that Oedipus is a victim of fate. The argument that his own free will led to his downfall needs to be reevaluated when you consider all of the steps taken by Oedipus to avoid his fate, and how aware of it he has always been. Through explanations of leaving his family to avoid a prophecy, being left to die and lied to his entire childhood, and pursuing a killer that has been standing in his own shoes this whole time, it is safe for one to believe that Oedipus is just another victim of an inescapable fate. Not only is Oedipus a victim, but so is Laios and Jokasta. Sophocles leaves the audience with one lingering question: are all lives predetermined?

      I'm not really satisfied with this conclusion. First of all, ending with a question is never a good idea. You will probably want to have answered all the questions by this point. Also, I think that your arguments point toward some more complex and interesting conclusions than simply that Oedipus was a victim of fate.

    2. I can make you believe no man, ever, has mastered prophecy.”

      You can do a better job of analyzing the words of the quotations I think. For example, there is an extra level of irony here, as Jokasta will in fact make Oedipus believe that one man in particular - Oedipus himself - has not "mastered prophecy." Isn't the idea of "mastering prophecy" what the play is all about ie that you can never be the master of your own fate?

    3. It is interesting to see two layers to this situation: Oedipus is blind to his crime, and blind to the fact that Laios was actually his father.

      Again, metaphorical blindness and literal blindness are contrasted. Why does Sophocles do that? Say something more about it than just that it is interesting.

    4. Ironically, we first are introduced to Oedipus by finding out he was pinned at the feet as an infant, and now he essentially ends the story by using pins to blind himself.

      Good point. What does this ironic connection have to do with blindness? You might say that to see is to know the truth about oneself, but here, when Oedipus finds the truth about himself is when he stops seeing, literally.

    5. they do not “know” each other.

      What does it mean to "know" someone, in this context? Is it possible to "know" yourself? Is that the same thing as "knowing" your fate? The quotation you use is excellent, because it suggests this problem, which is central to the story. Say more about this idea of "knowledge."

    6. If Oedipus had not been lied to his entire life, he would have been able to stop fate from happening.

      True, but the irony here is that Lauis and Jokasta try to have him killed as a baby also to avoid the prophecy - so avoiding the prophecy means fulfilling the prophecy again.

    7. they only got angry and reassured him they were indeed his parents

      Would he go to the oracle if he didn't still suspect that they were lying, or at least there was something about himself and his fate that he didn't quite know yet? There are suggestions in the play for some sort of interpretation along these lines.

    8. Unfortunately for Oedipus, he is fulfilling the prophecy by avoiding the prophecy, which again is an example of great irony used by Sophocles.

      This is nicely written; but other than saying it is ironic, you don't consider the point of why avoiding the prophecy means fulfilling the prophecy. What does that tell us about fate and free will? What is Sophocles' message?

    9. Why would Oedipus believe this man, though? He is nothing more than a drunkard at a party; he has no credibility in the eyes of Oedipus.

      Maybe you can try to answer this question. It seems to me that Oedipus knows more than he knows, somehow - like, this drunk guy at the party only said something he suspected all along, but refused to admit to himself. The question of how well he knows himself, and what it means to know oneself, is at the center of the problem.

    10. At this moment, Oedipus is introduced to information for the first time that suggests his life may not be as it seems.

      Excellent. I love this sentence and what it suggests.

    11. He takes actions necessary to avoid his fate,

      Isn't it true that the actions he takes are exactly what lead him to his fate? That is the great irony in his story, and also in that of Laius and Jokasta, who both try to avoid their fates as well and end up thereby bringing it upon themselves. Perhaps some discussion of that irony would be appropriate here. Why would Sophocles tell their stories that way?

    12. Majority of the audience or readers have knowledge of the Oedipus myth to some extent.

      I think you might cut this first sentence or put it somewhere else in your introduction. The second sentence would work much better as an opener.

    1. He is motivated by fame and social acceptance, whereas Clytemnestra can live with the idea that she is a threat and may be murdered for avenging her daughter.

      I think you should be able to arrive at a stronger conclusion than this. As of now, this comparison of their motivations seems more like part of a body paragraph than a conclusion.

    2. as mutable with respect to his inherent bias

      I think you might explain this in more intelligible terms. Do you mean that he changes his position according to what he thinks is best for him in the situation? His "mutability" is going to be a direct contrast to Clytemnestra's steadfastness. Can you find more evidence for this? Also, I'm not clear what you mean here by inherent bias?

    3. He is more concerned with his life here on earth because reward and recognition is, in contrast, palpable,

      I think your argument could use more evidence to support this point.

    4. vacuously

      I'm not sure this is the right word choice here. Usually, when we say something is vacuous we mean that is not particularly deep, profound, thoughtful or serious.

    5. you cannot find Clytemnestra’s oscillating between ways of thought.

      Excellent point. She is very certain of herself, and even when she is lying (trying to convince Agamemnon to fall into her trap) she seems to be sort of telling the truth also.

    6. He cannot live short of adoration and tribute and willing to fight for it which is an example of him failing to be modest.

      This would make more sense if you connected it specifically to the quotation: where are you getting this idea from?

    7. One of the first instances of dramatic irony is the revelation of Agamemnon’s misfortune spoken by the chorus:

      You should think about using transition sentences. This paragraph seems to begin with evidence, not claims, for example.

    8. the ancient requirement to stay modest or suffer consequences of too much fortune.

      Excellent point. This sentiment is everywhere in Greek Literature. Can you find a quotation to help you use it as evidence?

    9. He is blinded by great reward and flattery

      Say more about this. It sounds as if you are suggesting he goes to war to get rich and become famous - which might be true.

    10. Whereas Agamemnon moral conduct can be disputed due to his inherent bias.

      You should either cut this, or rewrite it and add more so that this part of your thesis makes more sense. Contrasting Agamemnon and Clytemnestra seems like a good idea, but you should work it out so that it is more clear. What sort of bias are you talking about here, for example?

    11. apart from absolutism

      I love the word absolutism here, and I think I know what you mean, but your argument would be stronger if you explained exactly what sort of absolutism you're talking about here.

    12. In the tragedy Agamemnon, there are two contrasting ways to interpret the role of Clytemnestra, but we must detach ourselves and inspect her character apart from absolutism.

      I think you need to get to the real subject of your essay a little bit faster in this introduction. By the time we find this sentence, we have already read so much about Ancient Greek justice that we might not even notice. You might begin with this sentence, and then all of your background information will be connected to it. Or you might cut some of this background information.

    13. Ancient Greece was known for their propensity to bring upon justice in a way that is not morally relevant to many readers today.

      I think you could rephrase this first sentence for clarity. Ancient Greece was a place, not to be confused with the Ancient Greeks themselves. Usually, we say that someone "carries out" justice. And I'm really not sure what you mean by "morally relevant" - morally justifiable, maybe? Anyway, the first sentence is important and should be crystal clear.

    1. Maybe it is best when we don’t know what our fate will be because then we wont waste time trying to change a destiny that will never be different.

      I think what your argument is really missing is some clear discussion of the mysterious thing about Oedipus's story: that learning his fate, and trying to avoid it, is exactly what makes it come true. Perhaps it would have come true anyway, as you suggest. But it is mysterious and ironic that it comes true this way, and that is important.

    2. He believes he is favored by the gods and seeks for answers that confirm this belief.

      Does Oedipus have any reason to believe the gods "favor him"? What does being a hero have to do with it?

    3. as he desperately searches for the truth about himself

      Here you have suggested an important point which I think is missing from your essay. How is Oedipus's search a search "for the truth about himself" and what does that have to do with fate?

    4. Here, Oedipus killed Laius over a toll he did not want to pay.

      In fact, I think Oedipus was angry at having been pushed aside by the coach's driver.

    5. Laius and Oedipus could have spent their entire life trying to avoid each other,

      If they had not decided to avoid each other, would the prophecy have come true?

    6. JOCASTA. “Then thou mayest ease thy conscience on that score. Listen and I’ll convince thee that no man Hath scot or lot in the prophetic art. Here is the proof in brief. An oracle Once came to Laius (I will not say ‘Twas from the Delphic god himself, but from His ministers) declaring he was doomed To perish by the hand of his own son, A child that should be born to him by me. Now Laius–so at least report affirmed— Was murdered on a day by highwaymen, No natives, at a spot where three roads meet. As for the child, it was but three days old, When Laius, its ankles pierced and pinned Together, gave it to be cast away By others on the trackless mountain side. So then Apollo brought it not to pass The child should be his father’s murderer, Or the dread terror find accomplishment, And Laius be slain by his own son. Such was the prophet’s horoscope. O king, Regard it not. Whate’er the god deems fit To search, himself unaided will reveal” (707-725).

      Again, I would only use a long quote like this in its entirety if I were going to spend a long time analyzing each line of it. You should think about only using parts of it.

    7. They believed they avoided fate by killing the son

      If instead of trying to kill Oedipus, they had decided to ignore the prophecy and raise him as a normal son, would it have come true?

    8. TEIRESIAS. “I go, but first will tell thee why I came. Thy frown I dread not, for thou canst not harm me. Hear then: this man whom thou hast sought to arrest With threats and warrants this long while, the wretch Who murdered Laius–that man is here. He passes for an alien in the land But soon shall prove a Theban, native born. And yet his fortune brings him little joy; For blind of seeing, clad in beggar’s weeds,For purple robes, and leaning on his staff, To a strange land he soon shall grope his way. And of the children, inmates of his home, He shall be proved the brother and the sire, Of her who bare him son and husband both, Co-partner, and assassin of his sire. Go in and ponder this, and if thou findThat I have missed the mark, henceforth declareI have no wit nor skill in prophecy” (444-461).

      Do you really need this entire long quotation? I think you might use only part of it to make your point. Remember, you should have three lines of analysis for every line of quotation. "Depth of Analysis" is going to be the most important grading criteria.

    9. as if the choices made in their life didn’t really matter at all

      It was, for all of them, the attempt to avoid their fate that made it happen. Can you consider this aspect? Their choices were then very important: they chose their fate. (What a contradiction in terms!)

    10. It is possible Oedipus’ past was not immediately introduced to him early in life to prevent him from avoiding his fate.

      I'm confused by this. Oedipus hears his fate from the Oracle at Delphi before he comes to Thebes and kills the Sphinx. He was still a young man. It is exactly hearing his fate that leads him to make it come true - that is the paradox here.

    11. Although there are several factors that are the cause of the final outcome, no matter what action he takes, it will all result in the same fate.

      Your analysis should be of the words in the quotation specifically. What about what Tiresias or Oedipus says makes you think this?

    12. TEIRESIAS. “Well, it will come what will, though I be mute. OEDIPUS. Sin

      Remember to introduce evidence. Who is talking? Where are they? What is the context?

    13. There is no such thing as freewill. Everyone is born with a fate and there is no way of avoiding it or controlling the direction of it. Our destiny is always unknown. Every event in life happens for a reason which ultimately leads to our fate. Although we make decisions in our life that we feel we have control over, there is always going to be a deeper purpose of the outcome under the surface

      I don't think it is a good idea to begin with a general point about fate and freewill. You should, rather, begin with an argument about Oedipus, and build toward these conclusions, so that they are a result of your arguments and your reading of the play. If you begin by saying what you think about fate and freewill, in a sense, why do we even need the rest of the essay?

    1. nother key point to point out was Agamemnon’s betrayal as a husband. When Agamemnon returns from the war he brings along Cassandra, who’s regarded as a concubine. A concubine is a woman who lives with a man but has inferior status than his wife. Agamemnon in principle had committed the same betrayal of infidelity.

      I don't think you should introduce new information like this in your conclusion. Perhaps you could write another body paragraph about Agamemnon's infidelity - and about Clytemnestra's infidelity to Agamemnon.

    2. if the roles were reversed and it was Clytemnestra that had to be sacrificed, Agamemnon would not have hesitated

      Interesting argument. Do you think that Agamemnon is sort of a sacrifice also? He is naked and helpless in the bathtub when Clytemnestra kills him. Are all the victims in a sense sacrifices?

    3. If killing one’s own daughter is deemed as right then should Clytemnestra killing her own husband be seen as right as well?

      I think you have too many unanswered questions in this section. Perhaps you should rephrase this as a positive statement.

    4. I have no tears to spare

      Again, her words have two meanings here, I think. She has no tears to spare - for Agamemnon, whom she is about to kill. That is to say, she is not sorry for what she is about to do.

    5. by all rights our child should be here…

      Is she also accusing Agamemnon here? Yes, she is talking about Orestes, but this might be one of those moments of dramatic irony where we know that she is also talking about Iphigenia, even if Agamemnon himself does not know it.

    6. This brings the question if society itself values a person’s loyalty to others over the sacrifice of an innocent girl, as it happened in Agamemnon.

      I'm not sure exactly what you mean by a person's loyalty to others here. Can you rewrite this question to be more clear and specific?

    7. His sacrifice of her was a betrayal not only to her but also to Clytemnestra.

      If he had chosen not to sacrifice Iphigenia, would Agamemnon have been betraying his people?

    8. This conveys a double standard, of what is morality and the definition of justice. To Agamemnon morality lied in helping his fleet team return which showed lack of belief in the morality of not killing one’s own family member particularly within the home itself.

      This is a really interesting suggestion but the way you have written it here is not very clear. What exactly is the double standard you are referring to? Are there two different imperatives clashing: 1) Agamemnon needs to get to Troy and end the war for the good of his city; 2) this seems more important to Agamemnon than the love and respect his family demands of him?

    9. Clytemnestra believes Agamemnon doesn’t deserve to be mourned after his actions because the one person who would have, he himself killed.

      Great point. Does the quote you use in this argument suggest that Iphigenia will rush to meet her father in the underworld? If so, does that just emphasis even more how much she loved and trusted him?

    10. his decision to kill his daughter was irrational and unjust because of the unknown outcome.

      Interesting. I hope you connect this to an argument about the rationality/irrationality of Clytemnestra's actions.

    11. Clytemnestra’s absence from this scene suggests that she may not have been aware or been consulted regarding the sacrifice which ponders one’s interpretation of this scene.

      The sacrifice took place partway along the journey to Troy, at a place called Aulis. Clytemnestra was not there.

    12. to be his villain

      What do you mean by "his" villain? Usually, we say someone is "a" villain, in contrast with being a hero. To say someone was someone else's villain implies an enemy. Do you mean that Clytemnestra was morally justified? Or that Clytemnestra was not meant to seem like the villain of the story to the audience? I think you can clarify and rephrase this point.

    1. “MenuDramatica®The Next Chapter in Story Development.” Hamlet – Analysis – Dramatica, dramatica.com/analysis/hamlet.

      What is this? I appreciate the citation here, but you should be relying on your own ideas. You don't need to consult outside sources, and they will probably only confuse your arguments. You should be thinking through these questions for yourself. If you need to consult references, find some books in the library written by credible scholars, use the introductory essay in your Norton Anthology, or ask me for some recommendations. Definitely, don't use random websites! This one does not seem at all legitimate.

    2. Although others may consider Hamlet’s indecisiveness to be a flaw, it makes sense that he would be indecisive in such a serious decision. If Hamlet makes the wrong decision, then his fear of an unpleasant afterlife can come true.

      I'm not satisfied by this conclusion. In fact, you have argued that Hamlet's hesitation essentially results in him facing exactly the sort of fate he was trying to avoid. When you say that it makes sense, do you mean that it is understandable? Perhaps the tragedy of the play is that we agree with all the reasons that Hamlet hesitates, and at the same time see how hesitating gets him into trouble.

    3. The viewer of the play knows that Hamlet dies in the end

      I'm not sure the viewer would know ahead of time that Hamlet was going to die. The play is not based on a myth that the audience all know, like Oedipus, for example.

    4. Where he came to this conclusion is debateable: it could be Hamlet’s own personal experiences with God that led him to think this, it could be Shakespeare’s own view projected through his character Hamlet, or it could be the view of a church that Shakespeare followed at the time.

      I'm not sure these possibilities are really very important for your argument.

    5. since Hamlet died as he finally got his vengeance on Claudius, Hamlet will suffer the fate he was trying to give to Claudius.

      Excellent point. I think you could do a better job, however, of integrating this perspective into your argument. You are essentially arguing both sides: 1) Hamlet got his revenge and probably went to Heaven; 2) Hamlet died just the way he wanted Claudius to go, and probably went to Hell. Can you do a better job of connecting these two possibilities to the arguments you made above, about Hamlet's fears for the afterlife?

      Also, you need Evidence here again. I am going to mark off points if you can't write in the CEA style.

    6. Horatio and Fortinbras saw Hamlet’s vengeance as noble, as can be seen in their decision to give him a noble funeral.

      Excellent point. What does this tell us about worldly justice in comparison with otherworldly justice? What I mean is, we'll never know if Hamlet is going to Heaven or Hell etc, but the judgment of Horatio and Fortinbras about Hamlet's nobility is something we can talk about for certain.This might be a good way to conclude the argument.

    7. The argument could be made that Hamlet dying was a worthy sacrifice because he died nobly avenging his father and will go somewhere nice in the afterlife while Claudius will go somewhere unpleasant for having been killed during a moment of his own sin. So, Hamlet sacrificed his physical life to kill Claudius at the right moment to send him to an unpleasant afterlife, but he (Hamlet) went to a pleasant eternal afterlife himself as a result, which is worth the sacrifice.

      Several things. First of all, where is the evidence? You need to write in CEA style, with quotations from the text in every paragraph. Second, are you so certain that Hamlet is going straight to Heaven with "flights of angels" singing him to his rest? It seems to me like he is guilty of eight deaths (including his own) and might very possibly be heading to Hell alongside Claudius. Third, rather than saying that something is "debatable," you should debate it. Argue either for one side or both sides - but make an argument with evidence and a clear position.

    8. Hamlet will very soon find these things out within Act 5. It may also be suspenseful in watching how Claudius will finally die; Claudius still is not dead when Hamlet is poisoned with the sword equipped by Laertes, so the viewer knows that Hamlet must pull some trick very quickly to kill Claudius. Hamlet himself does not know that he only has a minute or so left, but the viewer knows and the viewer also knows that Hamlet will likely kill Claudius within the next few lines, as a result of Hamlet’s being poisoned. This strain in the watcher is settled when Laertes tells hamlet about the poison: “In thee there is not half an hour of life; The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, Unabated and envenomed,” thus, Hamlet accordingly utilizes the similar poison substance to murder Claudius rapidly.

      This all seems like plot summary and not really connected to your arguments.

    9. Perhaps this play is suspenseful because the viewer watches Hamlet hesitate with death, while the viewer already knows that he will die at the end of the day

      How does this follow from your arguments up to this point? The question of suspense seems totally extraneous to your argument? You might include it earlier, in your introduction, so that it doesn't come out of nowhere here. Is Hamlet's fear of being damned part of the suspense? Connect.

    10. Even if Hamlet evades being taken revenge on, God may punish him in the afterlife.

      Again, why doesn't he worry at all about this? Can you explain?

    11. His murder of Polonius

      Does Hamlet have a bad conscience about this killing? If not, why not? Hasn't he already committed a terrible sin, for which he shows little remorse and which he doesn't seem to worry or think about at all?

    12. meaning that fear of death and what’s beyond this world makes cowards of us all.

      Yes, you are correct that by conscience here is speaking in a strict sense of the afterlife. But I think the contemporary meaning of the word conscience - as in, Hamlet's potentially bad conscience - is also in play.

    13. “who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscovered country from whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of?”

      You might want to include slashes ("/") to mark line breaks when quoting verse.

    14. “and am I then revenged, To take him in the purging of his soul, When he is fit and seasoned for his passage? No! Up, sword; and know thou a more horrid hunt: When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in the incestuous pleasure of his bed”

      You should analyze the quote itself. Don't end the paragraph with a quotation and don't use a quotation to support a point you've already made without adding some textual analysis.