M E T H O D S
IMRaD format is used in this article. There is an Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections
23 Matching Annotations
- Mar 2026
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We performed a systematic search of the literature
Example of past tense
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A significant reduction in anxiety symptoms following resistancetraining was also demonstrated. Previous reviews have focused pri-marily on adult cohorts (middle age and older), with very little data onindividuals ≤26 years of age (Strickland & Smith, 2014). While priorresistance training based interventions in adults have shown small tomoderate treatment effects for clinical anxiety (Carneiro et al., 2020;Gordon et al., 2017), herein we report a large effect in young peoplewith elevated anxiety symptoms
Resistance training originally showed only a slight decrease in symptoms of anxiety but in this study a large effect in young people with elevated symptoms of anxiety is shown.
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In summary, this quantitative synthesis of the literature dem-onstrated the significant positive effect that resistance training canprovide, across a range of settings, to young people experiencingclinically elevated depression or anxiety symptoms. Given the lownumber of trials and high heterogeneity, additional RCT-designedstudies are warranted to translate these results into clinical prac-tice. For practitioners, resistance training can be considered aneffective clinical exercise intervention in the treatment of youngpeople with clinically elevated symptoms of depression andanxiety.
The outcome of the trial was an overall success but further studies are warranted to translate results to actually clinical practice. But this meta analysis was able to prove that resistance training can be considered effective in clinical exercise for those with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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F I G U R E 4 Forest plot on the Hedge'sg of resistance training interventions onsymptoms of anxiety compared to controlgroups.MARINELLI ET AL . 59317517893, 2024, 8, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eip.13528 by Appalachian State University, Wiley Online Library on [06/03/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
Forest plot is used to compare experimental groups to control groups. This plot suggests resistance training could have an effect on symptoms of anxiety as in each study listed on the plot shows that the group participating in RT is favored.
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F I G U R E 5 Funnel plot on Hedge's gand standard errors for trials with anxietyoutcomes.
Funnel plots are used to show standard errors for trials on anxiety.
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T A B L E 2 Trial intervention characteristics of studies with largeeffect sizes (>1.0 Hedge's g).Resistance training interventioncharacteristics in large effect size trialsSymptom severity Mild to moderateFrequency(weekly)2–3 sessionsIntensity 8–12RM, 60%–70%1RM.Time (sessionduration/weeks)60–75 min/12–20 weeks.Type Traditional RT and AT with FT (free weights,machines, bodyweight)Volume perexercise1–3 sets 8–12 repetitionsProgression Increase volume (reps, sets) or load graduallywith a pre-set plan or as strength improves.Rest periods 30 s to 2 minSupervision Supervised training, with additional HEPs.Note: Resistance training prescription variables include (%RM, repetitionmaximum percentage; RT, resistance training; AT, aerobic training; FT,flexibility training; HEP, home exercise program) across all trials with aneffect size greater than 1.0 (ElDeeb et al., 2020; Hilyer et al., 1982;Nazari et al., 2020; Woolery et al., 2004)
This table simplifies the structure of the study and explains what kind of resistance training participants will be doing. Although I will add that the program is outdated and not an ideal program to follow in order to maximize muscle growth.
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T A B L E 1
In order to portrait the characteristics of the studies grouped into this meta analysis tables are used.
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RE FE RE NCE S
Many references and sources including in this article since it is a meta analysis meaning its a review of all these studies in order to help narrow down the results of this specific study.
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Mental illnesses also increase the risk of chronic meta-bolic and cardiovascular diseases, mortality, and healthcare treatmentdifficulties
Example of of present tense
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The primary outcomes analysed were depressive and anxiety symp-toms. Data were extracted and entered into a Microsoft Excel spread-sheet.
The article utilizes both passive and active voice, but passive voice is common especially in the methods and results sections. Here the authors emphasize the research process and findings.
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Protocol and registration
Subheading such as this are also used consistently throughout. All subheadings will be highlighted.
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Therefore,the effect of resistance training to treat clinically elevated symptoms ofdepression and anxiety in young people is not clear
Another example of hedging "not clear".
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Other benefits of resistance training are an increase inself-esteem, reduced symptoms of fatigue, anxiety and depression, andpain and improved sleep quality in various clinical and healthy popula-tions, however the specific social, psychological and/or neural mecha-nisms for these changes remain unclear
Authors use qualifies to hedge claims. An example in this sentence is the phrase "remains unclear". This choice of words exhibits scientific caution rather than an absolute claim.
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Despite the efficacy of aerobic exer-cise, it has been demonstrated that over 20%–75% of participants maynot achieve remission or response (<50% of baseline score) to an aero-bic training intervention
When experimenting if aerobic training could help lessen symptoms of anxiety and depression it was found that 20-75% of participants did not achieve remission or response.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) esti-mates that 4.4% of the world's population, or over 320 million people,experience clinically diagnosed depression while 3.6% have anxietydisorders (World Health Organization, 2017). The global prevalence ofdepressive disorders (major depressive disorder & dysthymia) and anx-iety disorders has increased by 18% and 15%, respectively, between2005 and 2015 (Vos et al., 2016).
The WHO estimates around 320 million people world wide struggle with depression/anxiety a 15-18% jump from 2005 to 2015.
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The growing prevalence of mental health disorders is a significantpublic health concern
Introduction begins discussing prevalence of mental illness and the the vast effect it has on the human population.
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Resistance training and combined resistance and aerobictraining as a treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms inyoung people: A systematic review and meta-analysis
The title is long and technical but this is typical of academic research titles.
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Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), VictoriaUniversity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia2 School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria,Australia3 Centre for Youth Mental Health, University ofMelbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia4 Australian Institute for MusculoskeletalScience (AIMSS), University of Melbourne andWestern Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia5 School of Human Movement and NutritionSciences, The University of Queensland,Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
The authors come from multiple different fields including psychology, public health, kinesiology, human movement science, and musculoskeletal science.
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adolescents, anxiety, depression, mental health treatment, resistance training, strength training,young people
The journal focuses on research about early detections and treatment of mental health disorders especially in adolescents and young adults.
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© 2024 The Authors. Early Intervention in Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Study was tested and published in Australia
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Abstract
Short summary included in the beginning explaining abbreviated words, what the study is trying to figure out as well as experimental methods.
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Ryan Marinelli 1,2 | Alexandra G. Parker 1,3 | Itamar Levinger 1,4 |Matthew Bourke 5 | Rhiannon Patten 1 | Mary N. Woessner
Multiple authors showing a collaborative effort.
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